SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 16
TOPIC 3   SANITARY PIPEWORK -Piping System
Pipe system includes network of pipes and valves, which
   are :-

      i. MAIN PIPE : Delivers water from treatment plant
            to distribution tank or directly to distribution
            area.

      ii. FEEDER PIPE : Directly connected to a main pipe
             for distribution of water to industrial or
             residential        areas.

       iii. BRANCH PIPE : From feeder pipe to individual
              house, building, factory or fire hydrant.

      iv. VALVE : needed to control water flow rate, stop
            water flow,       release trapped air in pipe,
            balance pressure in pipe         and remove
            effluents.


TOPIC 3      SANITARY PIPEWORK -Piping System
Head loss or energy loss
during distribution to
consumers is caused by the
followings :

i.Differences in pipe size.

ii.Change of flow direction.

iii.Friction.

iv.Difference of level (Gradient).




TOPIC 3                   Factors of Head Loss in Pipes
I. DIFFERENCES IN PIPE SIZE




a. Change in sizes, from big to smaller
diameter




b. Change in sizes, from small to bigger
diameter


TOPIC 3                   Factors of Head Loss in Pipes
ii. CHANGE OF DIRECTION

    Change of flow direction in pipe causes head loss.




TOPIC 3                Factors of Head Loss in Pipes
iii. FRICTION

     Head loss due friction is the major energy loss in pipe.
  Long length of pipe in the piping system causes high head
  loss, while large diameter pipe can reduce head loss.

     Head loss in pipe is energy lost due to friction between
  water and the inner surface of the pipe.

     Therefore, the flow is reduced and this factor
  contributes to head loss in pipe.




TOPIC 3              Factors of Head Loss in Pipes
iv. GRADIENT

 When water is delivered through
 distribution pipe from higher to
 lower positions, it experiences head
 loss due to friction, difference in pipe
 sizes and change of directions.




TOPIC 3                 Factors of Head Loss in Pipes
TYPE OF FLOW


   There are 3 types of flow in a pipe :-

   i.Laminar flow

   ii.Turbulent flow

   iii.Transition flow

   The types of flow depend on the velocity, density and
   the diameter of pipe.




TOPIC 3                        Fluid Flow
Is flow of particles
                        which gains high
                       kinetic energy and
                        move erratically.
          TURBULEN
          T


          LAMINAR


                               Is flow of fluid
                              particles moving
                                in single line
                              parallel to each
                                    other.




TOPIC 3              Fluid Flow
TOPIC 3   SANITARY PIPEWORK
BUILDING


                           SEWAGE


                                           W ASTE
     SOIL FITTING                          FITTING

       SOIL                                  W ASTE
    DISCHARGE                              DISCHARGE
                        PIPING SYSTEM

                      SEWAGE TREATMENT
                           PLANT

                        TREATED WATER


                        ENVIRONMENT


TOPIC 3             Soil and Waste Water Flowchart
Discharge pipe consists of single stack, branching and vent pipe.

   Single stack pipe is installed vertically to ease discharge of soil
   and waste water.

   Branching pipe is connected from sanitary fitting with single stack
   pipe.

   Vent pipe to released compressed air.

   There are 3 systems employed in the installation of soil and
   waste water discharge pipes :-

   i.Single stack system.
   ii.Single pipe system.
   iii.Dual pipe system.


TOPIC 3                          Discharge Pipe
1. System where only 1 pipe is required
                      and it does not need vent pipe as it
                      can function as vent pipe.
  (Main Pipe)      2. Discharge in branching pipes fro
                      sanitary fitting are transferred into
                      single stack pipe.
                   3. The flow is then drained into the
                      drainage pipe.
                   4. The system is appropriate for multi-
                      storey buildings.
                   5. Sanitary fitting should be installed
                      near the single stack pipe to reduce
                      the length of the branching pipe and
                      minimum the sound of flow in the
                      pipe.
                   6. The sanitary fitting should be
                      connected to the single stack pipe
                      separately.
                   7. This system is easy to install.



TOPIC 3         Single Stack System
1. Use only 1 pipe in collecting and
                     draining discharge.

(Main Pipe)       2. All sanitary fittings are connected to 1
                     pipe only. Connection is made at the
                     branching pipe.

                  3. The single stack vent pipes release
                     compressed air that may have trapped
                     at the base of waste and wastewater
                     single stack pipe.

                  4. The vent branching pipe connects the
                     single stack vent pipe to the sanitary
                     fitting.

                  5. All sanitary fitting should be installed
                     near a main pipe.




TOPIC 3       Single Pipe System
1. This system uses 2 single stack pipes,
                                               one for waste and the others is for soil.

                                            2. Both of the single stack pipes have
                                               individual ventilation system.

                                            3. The waste discharge pipe drains
                                               wastewater from the shower tray, WB
                                               and bathtub.

                                            4. The soil discharge pipe drains soil
(Soil Main Pipe)   (Waste Main Pipe)           water from the WC and urinal.

                                            5. The single stack pipe is then connected
                                               to the underground drainage pipe.

                                            6. This system is suitable when the waste
                                               fitting is located far from the waste
                                               water fitting.



TOPIC 3                                Dual pipe System
System       Types of Pipes       Advantages          Disadvantages
 Dual Pipe   1. Waste single        1. More        1.Require two types of
                stack pipe             effective   pipe
             2. Soil single stack      drainage    2. Complicated
                pipe                               installation work


 Single      1. Waste and soil    1. Require       1. Vent pipe installation
 Pipe           single stack pipe only one            is complicated
             2. Vent pipe         main pipe        2. Require more
                                  2. Easier to        pipelines for vent pipe
                                  install


 Single      1. Waste and soil      1. Require     1. Ventilation is less
 Stack       single stack pipe      only one       efficient
                                    single stack
                                    pipe




TOPIC 3           Comparison of Discharge Pipe Systems

More Related Content

What's hot

Sem 2 bs1 cold water supply 1
Sem 2 bs1 cold water supply   1Sem 2 bs1 cold water supply   1
Sem 2 bs1 cold water supply 1
Est
 
CMA433-Water Supply System.ppt
CMA433-Water Supply System.pptCMA433-Water Supply System.ppt
CMA433-Water Supply System.ppt
athirah77
 

What's hot (20)

Pipe lines in sewage system
Pipe lines in sewage systemPipe lines in sewage system
Pipe lines in sewage system
 
PPT OF PLUMBING AND COMPONETS | PPT on Plumbing
PPT OF PLUMBING AND COMPONETS | PPT on PlumbingPPT OF PLUMBING AND COMPONETS | PPT on Plumbing
PPT OF PLUMBING AND COMPONETS | PPT on Plumbing
 
Che 4 house drainage system
Che 4 house drainage systemChe 4 house drainage system
Che 4 house drainage system
 
HOUSE DRAINAGE
 HOUSE DRAINAGE HOUSE DRAINAGE
HOUSE DRAINAGE
 
Cold water supply system & Components
Cold water supply system & ComponentsCold water supply system & Components
Cold water supply system & Components
 
Drainage system one pipe
Drainage system   one pipeDrainage system   one pipe
Drainage system one pipe
 
Drainage System For a Building
Drainage System For a BuildingDrainage System For a Building
Drainage System For a Building
 
PIPE SYSTEMS1
PIPE SYSTEMS1PIPE SYSTEMS1
PIPE SYSTEMS1
 
Sem 2 bs1 cold water supply 1
Sem 2 bs1 cold water supply   1Sem 2 bs1 cold water supply   1
Sem 2 bs1 cold water supply 1
 
08 Building Water Supply and Sanitary Fixtures
08 Building Water Supply and Sanitary Fixtures08 Building Water Supply and Sanitary Fixtures
08 Building Water Supply and Sanitary Fixtures
 
Traps
TrapsTraps
Traps
 
DRAINAGE SYSTEM FOR BUILDING AND TRAPS
DRAINAGE SYSTEM FOR BUILDING AND TRAPSDRAINAGE SYSTEM FOR BUILDING AND TRAPS
DRAINAGE SYSTEM FOR BUILDING AND TRAPS
 
Layouts of water distribution systems
Layouts of water distribution systemsLayouts of water distribution systems
Layouts of water distribution systems
 
Sewer appurtenances
Sewer appurtenances Sewer appurtenances
Sewer appurtenances
 
Sewerage
SewerageSewerage
Sewerage
 
S3 SANITARY PIPE WORK ASSIGNMENT
S3 SANITARY PIPE WORK ASSIGNMENTS3 SANITARY PIPE WORK ASSIGNMENT
S3 SANITARY PIPE WORK ASSIGNMENT
 
Water supply final
Water supply finalWater supply final
Water supply final
 
Sanitary and water supply
Sanitary and water supplySanitary and water supply
Sanitary and water supply
 
CMA433-Water Supply System.ppt
CMA433-Water Supply System.pptCMA433-Water Supply System.ppt
CMA433-Water Supply System.ppt
 
PLUMBING YSTEM
PLUMBING YSTEMPLUMBING YSTEM
PLUMBING YSTEM
 

Similar to Topik 3 sanitary pipework

Unit 5 final
Unit 5 finalUnit 5 final
Unit 5 final
iampichu
 
SYSTEMS-OF-PLUMBING-FOR-HOUSE-DRAINAGE.pptx
SYSTEMS-OF-PLUMBING-FOR-HOUSE-DRAINAGE.pptxSYSTEMS-OF-PLUMBING-FOR-HOUSE-DRAINAGE.pptx
SYSTEMS-OF-PLUMBING-FOR-HOUSE-DRAINAGE.pptx
avieatillo
 
Water-Where and When You Want It!
Water-Where and When You Want It!Water-Where and When You Want It!
Water-Where and When You Want It!
carollee65
 

Similar to Topik 3 sanitary pipework (20)

Water distribution System In Water Supply Schemes
Water distribution System In Water Supply Schemes Water distribution System In Water Supply Schemes
Water distribution System In Water Supply Schemes
 
03 plumbing fixtures
03 plumbing fixtures03 plumbing fixtures
03 plumbing fixtures
 
Unit 5 final
Unit 5 finalUnit 5 final
Unit 5 final
 
Domestic sewage
Domestic sewageDomestic sewage
Domestic sewage
 
PLUMBING SYSTEM
PLUMBING SYSTEMPLUMBING SYSTEM
PLUMBING SYSTEM
 
Plumbing presentation
Plumbing presentationPlumbing presentation
Plumbing presentation
 
unit 1.pptx
unit 1.pptxunit 1.pptx
unit 1.pptx
 
Conveyence and distribution
Conveyence and distributionConveyence and distribution
Conveyence and distribution
 
SYSTEMS-OF-PLUMBING-FOR-HOUSE-DRAINAGE.pptx
SYSTEMS-OF-PLUMBING-FOR-HOUSE-DRAINAGE.pptxSYSTEMS-OF-PLUMBING-FOR-HOUSE-DRAINAGE.pptx
SYSTEMS-OF-PLUMBING-FOR-HOUSE-DRAINAGE.pptx
 
Plumbing_Week 4.pptx
Plumbing_Week 4.pptxPlumbing_Week 4.pptx
Plumbing_Week 4.pptx
 
Water supply systems in Architecture By Minal Palve
Water supply systems in Architecture By Minal PalveWater supply systems in Architecture By Minal Palve
Water supply systems in Architecture By Minal Palve
 
Selection of Pumps and Pipe drainage
Selection of Pumps and Pipe drainageSelection of Pumps and Pipe drainage
Selection of Pumps and Pipe drainage
 
Irrigation and drainage
Irrigation and drainageIrrigation and drainage
Irrigation and drainage
 
SERVICES
SERVICESSERVICES
SERVICES
 
L3- SYSTEMS OF SANITATION.pptx
L3- SYSTEMS OF SANITATION.pptxL3- SYSTEMS OF SANITATION.pptx
L3- SYSTEMS OF SANITATION.pptx
 
5 traps & sovent
5 traps & sovent5 traps & sovent
5 traps & sovent
 
L 37
L 37L 37
L 37
 
Drip irrigation system
Drip irrigation systemDrip irrigation system
Drip irrigation system
 
Week 08 lecture 07 sewerage
Week 08 lecture 07 sewerageWeek 08 lecture 07 sewerage
Week 08 lecture 07 sewerage
 
Water-Where and When You Want It!
Water-Where and When You Want It!Water-Where and When You Want It!
Water-Where and When You Want It!
 

More from Inazarina Ady (8)

Chapter 5(sewagetreatment)
Chapter 5(sewagetreatment)Chapter 5(sewagetreatment)
Chapter 5(sewagetreatment)
 
Requirements of sanitary pipe works
Requirements of sanitary pipe worksRequirements of sanitary pipe works
Requirements of sanitary pipe works
 
Traps
TrapsTraps
Traps
 
Chapter 2 leadership
Chapter 2 leadershipChapter 2 leadership
Chapter 2 leadership
 
Chapter 1
Chapter 1Chapter 1
Chapter 1
 
Topik 1 sanitary appliances
Topik 1 sanitary appliancesTopik 1 sanitary appliances
Topik 1 sanitary appliances
 
Labwork
LabworkLabwork
Labwork
 
LABWORK 1 : Basic Algebra
LABWORK 1 : Basic AlgebraLABWORK 1 : Basic Algebra
LABWORK 1 : Basic Algebra
 

Recently uploaded

Call Girls From Pari Chowk Greater Noida ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service I...
Call Girls From Pari Chowk Greater Noida ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service I...Call Girls From Pari Chowk Greater Noida ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service I...
Call Girls From Pari Chowk Greater Noida ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service I...
lizamodels9
 
Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...
Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...
Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...
lizamodels9
 
Call Girls Kengeri Satellite Town Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Gir...
Call Girls Kengeri Satellite Town Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Gir...Call Girls Kengeri Satellite Town Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Gir...
Call Girls Kengeri Satellite Town Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Gir...
amitlee9823
 
Call Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service Noida
Call Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service NoidaCall Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service Noida
Call Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service Noida
dlhescort
 
Quick Doctor In Kuwait +2773`7758`557 Kuwait Doha Qatar Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharj...
Quick Doctor In Kuwait +2773`7758`557 Kuwait Doha Qatar Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharj...Quick Doctor In Kuwait +2773`7758`557 Kuwait Doha Qatar Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharj...
Quick Doctor In Kuwait +2773`7758`557 Kuwait Doha Qatar Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharj...
daisycvs
 
Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876
Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876
Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876
dlhescort
 
Call Girls Jp Nagar Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bang...
Call Girls Jp Nagar Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bang...Call Girls Jp Nagar Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bang...
Call Girls Jp Nagar Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bang...
amitlee9823
 
Call Girls In Nangloi Rly Metro ꧂…….95996 … 13876 Enjoy ꧂Escort
Call Girls In Nangloi Rly Metro ꧂…….95996 … 13876 Enjoy ꧂EscortCall Girls In Nangloi Rly Metro ꧂…….95996 … 13876 Enjoy ꧂Escort
Call Girls In Nangloi Rly Metro ꧂…….95996 … 13876 Enjoy ꧂Escort
dlhescort
 
The Abortion pills for sale in Qatar@Doha [+27737758557] []Deira Dubai Kuwait
The Abortion pills for sale in Qatar@Doha [+27737758557] []Deira Dubai KuwaitThe Abortion pills for sale in Qatar@Doha [+27737758557] []Deira Dubai Kuwait
The Abortion pills for sale in Qatar@Doha [+27737758557] []Deira Dubai Kuwait
daisycvs
 
Al Mizhar Dubai Escorts +971561403006 Escorts Service In Al Mizhar
Al Mizhar Dubai Escorts +971561403006 Escorts Service In Al MizharAl Mizhar Dubai Escorts +971561403006 Escorts Service In Al Mizhar
Al Mizhar Dubai Escorts +971561403006 Escorts Service In Al Mizhar
allensay1
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Famous Olympic Siblings from the 21st Century
Famous Olympic Siblings from the 21st CenturyFamous Olympic Siblings from the 21st Century
Famous Olympic Siblings from the 21st Century
 
Cheap Rate Call Girls In Noida Sector 62 Metro 959961乂3876
Cheap Rate Call Girls In Noida Sector 62 Metro 959961乂3876Cheap Rate Call Girls In Noida Sector 62 Metro 959961乂3876
Cheap Rate Call Girls In Noida Sector 62 Metro 959961乂3876
 
Call Girls From Pari Chowk Greater Noida ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service I...
Call Girls From Pari Chowk Greater Noida ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service I...Call Girls From Pari Chowk Greater Noida ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service I...
Call Girls From Pari Chowk Greater Noida ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service I...
 
Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...
Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...
Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...
 
Call Girls Kengeri Satellite Town Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Gir...
Call Girls Kengeri Satellite Town Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Gir...Call Girls Kengeri Satellite Town Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Gir...
Call Girls Kengeri Satellite Town Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Gir...
 
Call Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service Noida
Call Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service NoidaCall Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service Noida
Call Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service Noida
 
SEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60% in 6 Months
SEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60%  in 6 MonthsSEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60%  in 6 Months
SEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60% in 6 Months
 
Quick Doctor In Kuwait +2773`7758`557 Kuwait Doha Qatar Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharj...
Quick Doctor In Kuwait +2773`7758`557 Kuwait Doha Qatar Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharj...Quick Doctor In Kuwait +2773`7758`557 Kuwait Doha Qatar Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharj...
Quick Doctor In Kuwait +2773`7758`557 Kuwait Doha Qatar Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharj...
 
Organizational Transformation Lead with Culture
Organizational Transformation Lead with CultureOrganizational Transformation Lead with Culture
Organizational Transformation Lead with Culture
 
Dr. Admir Softic_ presentation_Green Club_ENG.pdf
Dr. Admir Softic_ presentation_Green Club_ENG.pdfDr. Admir Softic_ presentation_Green Club_ENG.pdf
Dr. Admir Softic_ presentation_Green Club_ENG.pdf
 
Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876
Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876
Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876
 
Call Girls Jp Nagar Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bang...
Call Girls Jp Nagar Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bang...Call Girls Jp Nagar Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bang...
Call Girls Jp Nagar Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bang...
 
Call Girls In Nangloi Rly Metro ꧂…….95996 … 13876 Enjoy ꧂Escort
Call Girls In Nangloi Rly Metro ꧂…….95996 … 13876 Enjoy ꧂EscortCall Girls In Nangloi Rly Metro ꧂…….95996 … 13876 Enjoy ꧂Escort
Call Girls In Nangloi Rly Metro ꧂…….95996 … 13876 Enjoy ꧂Escort
 
Falcon Invoice Discounting: Unlock Your Business Potential
Falcon Invoice Discounting: Unlock Your Business PotentialFalcon Invoice Discounting: Unlock Your Business Potential
Falcon Invoice Discounting: Unlock Your Business Potential
 
The Abortion pills for sale in Qatar@Doha [+27737758557] []Deira Dubai Kuwait
The Abortion pills for sale in Qatar@Doha [+27737758557] []Deira Dubai KuwaitThe Abortion pills for sale in Qatar@Doha [+27737758557] []Deira Dubai Kuwait
The Abortion pills for sale in Qatar@Doha [+27737758557] []Deira Dubai Kuwait
 
Business Model Canvas (BMC)- A new venture concept
Business Model Canvas (BMC)-  A new venture conceptBusiness Model Canvas (BMC)-  A new venture concept
Business Model Canvas (BMC)- A new venture concept
 
Malegaon Call Girls Service ☎ ️82500–77686 ☎️ Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service
Malegaon Call Girls Service ☎ ️82500–77686 ☎️ Enjoy 24/7 Escort ServiceMalegaon Call Girls Service ☎ ️82500–77686 ☎️ Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service
Malegaon Call Girls Service ☎ ️82500–77686 ☎️ Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service
 
Al Mizhar Dubai Escorts +971561403006 Escorts Service In Al Mizhar
Al Mizhar Dubai Escorts +971561403006 Escorts Service In Al MizharAl Mizhar Dubai Escorts +971561403006 Escorts Service In Al Mizhar
Al Mizhar Dubai Escorts +971561403006 Escorts Service In Al Mizhar
 
Cracking the Cultural Competence Code.pptx
Cracking the Cultural Competence Code.pptxCracking the Cultural Competence Code.pptx
Cracking the Cultural Competence Code.pptx
 
Marel Q1 2024 Investor Presentation from May 8, 2024
Marel Q1 2024 Investor Presentation from May 8, 2024Marel Q1 2024 Investor Presentation from May 8, 2024
Marel Q1 2024 Investor Presentation from May 8, 2024
 

Topik 3 sanitary pipework

  • 1. TOPIC 3 SANITARY PIPEWORK -Piping System
  • 2. Pipe system includes network of pipes and valves, which are :- i. MAIN PIPE : Delivers water from treatment plant to distribution tank or directly to distribution area. ii. FEEDER PIPE : Directly connected to a main pipe for distribution of water to industrial or residential areas. iii. BRANCH PIPE : From feeder pipe to individual house, building, factory or fire hydrant. iv. VALVE : needed to control water flow rate, stop water flow, release trapped air in pipe, balance pressure in pipe and remove effluents. TOPIC 3 SANITARY PIPEWORK -Piping System
  • 3. Head loss or energy loss during distribution to consumers is caused by the followings : i.Differences in pipe size. ii.Change of flow direction. iii.Friction. iv.Difference of level (Gradient). TOPIC 3 Factors of Head Loss in Pipes
  • 4. I. DIFFERENCES IN PIPE SIZE a. Change in sizes, from big to smaller diameter b. Change in sizes, from small to bigger diameter TOPIC 3 Factors of Head Loss in Pipes
  • 5. ii. CHANGE OF DIRECTION Change of flow direction in pipe causes head loss. TOPIC 3 Factors of Head Loss in Pipes
  • 6. iii. FRICTION Head loss due friction is the major energy loss in pipe. Long length of pipe in the piping system causes high head loss, while large diameter pipe can reduce head loss. Head loss in pipe is energy lost due to friction between water and the inner surface of the pipe. Therefore, the flow is reduced and this factor contributes to head loss in pipe. TOPIC 3 Factors of Head Loss in Pipes
  • 7. iv. GRADIENT When water is delivered through distribution pipe from higher to lower positions, it experiences head loss due to friction, difference in pipe sizes and change of directions. TOPIC 3 Factors of Head Loss in Pipes
  • 8. TYPE OF FLOW There are 3 types of flow in a pipe :- i.Laminar flow ii.Turbulent flow iii.Transition flow The types of flow depend on the velocity, density and the diameter of pipe. TOPIC 3 Fluid Flow
  • 9. Is flow of particles which gains high kinetic energy and move erratically. TURBULEN T LAMINAR Is flow of fluid particles moving in single line parallel to each other. TOPIC 3 Fluid Flow
  • 10. TOPIC 3 SANITARY PIPEWORK
  • 11. BUILDING SEWAGE W ASTE SOIL FITTING FITTING SOIL W ASTE DISCHARGE DISCHARGE PIPING SYSTEM SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT TREATED WATER ENVIRONMENT TOPIC 3 Soil and Waste Water Flowchart
  • 12. Discharge pipe consists of single stack, branching and vent pipe. Single stack pipe is installed vertically to ease discharge of soil and waste water. Branching pipe is connected from sanitary fitting with single stack pipe. Vent pipe to released compressed air. There are 3 systems employed in the installation of soil and waste water discharge pipes :- i.Single stack system. ii.Single pipe system. iii.Dual pipe system. TOPIC 3 Discharge Pipe
  • 13. 1. System where only 1 pipe is required and it does not need vent pipe as it can function as vent pipe. (Main Pipe) 2. Discharge in branching pipes fro sanitary fitting are transferred into single stack pipe. 3. The flow is then drained into the drainage pipe. 4. The system is appropriate for multi- storey buildings. 5. Sanitary fitting should be installed near the single stack pipe to reduce the length of the branching pipe and minimum the sound of flow in the pipe. 6. The sanitary fitting should be connected to the single stack pipe separately. 7. This system is easy to install. TOPIC 3 Single Stack System
  • 14. 1. Use only 1 pipe in collecting and draining discharge. (Main Pipe) 2. All sanitary fittings are connected to 1 pipe only. Connection is made at the branching pipe. 3. The single stack vent pipes release compressed air that may have trapped at the base of waste and wastewater single stack pipe. 4. The vent branching pipe connects the single stack vent pipe to the sanitary fitting. 5. All sanitary fitting should be installed near a main pipe. TOPIC 3 Single Pipe System
  • 15. 1. This system uses 2 single stack pipes, one for waste and the others is for soil. 2. Both of the single stack pipes have individual ventilation system. 3. The waste discharge pipe drains wastewater from the shower tray, WB and bathtub. 4. The soil discharge pipe drains soil (Soil Main Pipe) (Waste Main Pipe) water from the WC and urinal. 5. The single stack pipe is then connected to the underground drainage pipe. 6. This system is suitable when the waste fitting is located far from the waste water fitting. TOPIC 3 Dual pipe System
  • 16. System Types of Pipes Advantages Disadvantages Dual Pipe 1. Waste single 1. More 1.Require two types of stack pipe effective pipe 2. Soil single stack drainage 2. Complicated pipe installation work Single 1. Waste and soil 1. Require 1. Vent pipe installation Pipe single stack pipe only one is complicated 2. Vent pipe main pipe 2. Require more 2. Easier to pipelines for vent pipe install Single 1. Waste and soil 1. Require 1. Ventilation is less Stack single stack pipe only one efficient single stack pipe TOPIC 3 Comparison of Discharge Pipe Systems