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Heroic figures in mythology
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3. •Coined in English 1387, the word hero comes from
the Greek "ἥρως" (heroes), "hero, warrior", literally
"protector" or "defender". The postulated original forms
of these words being *ἥρϝως, hērwōs, and
*ἭρFα, Hērwā, respectively.
•It is also thought to be a cognate of
the Latin verb servo (original meaning: to preserve whole)
and of the Avestan verb haurvaiti (to keep vigil over).
•According to the American Heritage Dictionary of the
English Language, the Indo-European root
is *ser meaning "to protect". According to Eric Partridge
in Origins, the Greek word Hērōs "is similar to" the
Latin seruāre, meaning to safeguard.
4. Hero (male) and heroine (female) came to refer to
characters who, in the face of danger and adversity
or from a position of weakness,
display courage and the will for self sacrifice that
is, heroism for some greater good of all humanity.
This definition originally referred
to martial courage or excellence but extended to
more general moral excellence.
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6. •In mythology and legend, a man or woman, often of
divine ancestry, who is endowed with great courage
and strength, celebrated for his or her bold
exploits, and favored by the gods."
•Somebody who does something dangerous to help
somebody else
•Often tied up with concepts of bravery and virtue
7. •A man or woman who triumphs over obstacles
Heroes are not all-powerful and immortal beings.
Instead they represent the best of what it means to
be human, demonstrating great strength, courage,
wisdom, cleverness, or devotion.
8. In studying myths and legends from around the
world, scholars have identified a pattern that appears
over and over again—the story of the universal hero.
According to Joseph Campbell:
1. Stories generally end with the hero gaining new
knowledge or abilities.
2. Often an element of miracle or mystery surrounds the
birth of such heroes.
9. 3. Their true identity may be unknown.
4. They may be the child of a virgin.
5. They may possess special powers or be demigods.
6. Many hero myths focus on a quest—a difficult task or
journey that must be undertaken to achieve a goal or
earn a reward such as the hand of a loved one.
7. Leaving the everyday world, the hero follows a path
filled with challenges and adventures, perhaps involving
magic or the supernatural.
10. 8. A hero may even enter the underworld and confront
death itself.
9. Heroes must use strength, wits, or both to defeat
enemies, monsters, or demons, although some are aided by
luck or by a protective deity or magician.
10. In the end the hero returns home enriched with
powers, wisdom, treasure, or perhaps a mate won in the
course of the quest.
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12. 1. Questing or Journeying Heroes. Greek mythology
has many questing heroes, including Odysseus*,
Orpheus*, Jason*, and Hercules*. Odysseus just wants to
return home after the Trojan War, but his adventure-
filled voyage takes ten years
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2. Warriors and Kings. A number of individuals rise
to the level of heroes with their outstanding skills in
combat. In myths about the Trojan War*, the warriors
Ajax* and Achilles* fight valiantly and the Amazon*
queen Penthesilea leads a troop of her soldiers against
the Greek forces
13. 3. National and Culture Heroes. A national hero is a
mythological—or even historical—hero who is considered to
be the founder of a city or nation or the source of identity for
a people.
Another type of ancestral hero is the culture hero who
brings the gifts of civilization to a people.
4. Clever Heroes and Tricksters. In many myths heroes
accomplish great tasks by outwitting evil or more powerful
enemies.
Some culture heroes are tricksters—human or animal
characters whose mischievous pranks and tricks can
benefit humans.
14. 5. Folk Heroes. Some heroes are ordinary individuals who
have special skills. They may take up the causes of common
people against tyrants and bullies or may be blessed with
remarkable good fortune.
6. Defiant and Doomed Heroes. Some heroes
knowingly defy the limits placed on them by society
or the gods. Even if they face destruction, they are
determined to be true to their beliefs—or perhaps to
perish in a blaze of glory. Others are simply the
victims of their own failings or of bad luck.
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16. Heroes in Greek legends usually performed
dangerous feats, killed villains and monsters, and
won the hearts of local maidens. They may also
have been guilty of numerous acts of
murder, rape, and sacrilege.
17. 1. Jason- was an ancient
Greek mythological hero
who was famous for his
role as the leader of the
Argonauts and their
quest for the Golden
Fleece. He was the son of
Aeson, the rightful king
of Iolcos. He was married
to the sorceress Medea.
18. 2. Bellerophon (buh-LAIR-
uh-fon)- a hero of Greek
mythology. He was "the
greatest hero and slayer of
monsters, alongside Cadmus a
nd Perseus, before the days of
Heracles", whose greatest feat
was killing the Chimera, a
monster that Homer depicted
with a lion's head, a goat's
body, and a serpent's tail
19. 3. Theseus- greatest
hero of Athens, cousin
of Hercules. He killed
the Minotaur and
became the first
commander-in-chief of
Athens.
20. 4. Perseus (PUR-
see-us or PURS-
yoos) - Son of Zeus,
heroic vanquisher of
the Gorgon Medusa.
21. 5. Heracles- He was the
greatest of the Greek heroes,
a paragon of masculinity, and
a champion of the Olympian
order against chthonic
monsters. Extraordinary
strength, courage, ingenuity,
and sexual prowess with both
males and females were
among his characteristic
attributes. Although he was
not as clever as the likes
of Odysseus or Nestor.
43. After his mighty labor he has rest.
His choicest prize, eternal peace.
Within the homes of blessedness
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45. Early Norse stories, particularly
mythology are often tragic tales. Man is
born to sorrow as the sparks fly upward.
To live is to suffer and the only solution
of the problem of life is to suffer with
courage.
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62. “Husbands, daughters, sist
ers, brothers,----one
says, ----all were taken
from me, and still I live.”
Yet for her grief Gudrun could not weep,
So hard was her heart by the hero‟s
body
63. “My seven sons fell in the
Southern land, another says,
and my husband too, all eight in
battle. I decked with my own
hands for the grave. One half-
year brought me this to bear.
And no one came to comfort
me.“
Yet for her grief Gudrun could not weep,
So hard was her heart by the hero‟s
body
64. …She laid his well-loved head
on the knees of his wife. “Look
on him thou loved and press thy
lips to his as if he still were
living.”
65. Only once did Gudrun look. She
saw his hair all clotted with
blood, his blinded eyes that had
been so bright.
Then she bent and bowed her
head,
AND HER TEARS RAN DOWN
LIKE DROPS OF RAIN.
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69. Most of the male Filipino mythological
heroes are described as an attractive well-built
man who exemplifies great strength.
70. 1.Lam-Ang- was known for avenging his father from
the Igorots, wooing Innes Kannoyan who later
became his wife, and for rising from the dead with
the help of his rooster and dog.
2. Bernardo Carpio- Bernardo Carpio is a legendary
figure in Philippine Mythology who is said to be the
cause of earthquakes.
77. “I will go. And the land shall be
avenged.”
“By this tree, I shall know your
fate from the hour you depart
from here, for if you live, it
will live; if you die, it will die
too.”
