The document discusses Chapter 3 of the textbook "Introduction to Engineering Thermodynamics" which covers properties of a pure substance. It includes figures and tables showing phase diagrams, temperature-volume diagrams, pressure-temperature diagrams, and steam tables. It also includes example problems and diagrams illustrating processes involving pure substances such as water.

1. Sonntag / Borgnakke
《Introduction to Engineering Thermodynamics, 2nd Edition》
Chapter 3.
Properties of a Pure Substance.
歐亞書局

2. Figure 3.1 Constant-pressurechange from liquid to vapor phase
for a pure substance. Note: Heat is added below the cylinders.
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3. • Can you sketch a piston/cylinder set-up for
a constant-temperature process from liquid
to vapor phase for the water, as compared to
the above Fig. 3.1?
• Can you draw this constant-temperature
process on a P – v diagram?

4. • A piston/cylinder set-up for a constant-
temperature process for an ideal gad is
given in comments and Figure 4.7 of
Example 4.1.b (pay attention to the change
in pressure as heat is transferred in the
process)

5. Figure 3.2 Vapor-pressure curve of a pure substance.
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6. Figure 3.3 Temperature-volume diagram for water showing
liquid and vapor phases (not to scale).
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7. Table 3.1
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8. Figure 3.4 T-v diagram
for the two-phase, liquid-vapor region to
show the quality specific volume relation.
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9. Table 3.2
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10. Figure 3.5 Pressure-temperature diagram for a substance such
as water.
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11. Figure 3.6 Carbon dioxide phase diagram.
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12. • Why solid carbon dioxide is
commonly referred to as dry ice?
• Can solid H2O be dry ice at room
pressure and temperature? Why?

13. Figure 3.8 Listing of the steam tables.
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14. Figure 3.9 Illustration of compressed-liquid state.
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15. Figure 3.10 Diagram for Example 3.1.
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16. Figure 3.11 Diagram for Example 3.2a.
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17. Figure 3.12 Diagram for Example 3.2b.
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18. Figure 3.15 Diagram for Example 3.6.
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19. Figure 3.16 Diagram for Example 3.7.
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20. Figure 3.18 Pressure-volume-
temperature surface for a
substance that expands on
freezing.
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21. Figure 3.19 Pressure-volume-
temperature surface for a
substance that contracts on
freezing.
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22. Figure 3.22 Compressibility of nitrogen.
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