In a globalized world, aviation plays a pivotal role in interconnecting societies, communities, and nations (Sheehan 2013), creating economic opportunities for sustainable development (Goldin and Reinert 2007). The tiny island state of the Maldives has one major international airport connecting 11 other small domestic airports (Kundur 2012). The economy of the nation being driven by the tourism industry (World Bank 2018) the need for air transport has exponentially increased over the past decade (Nizar 2013). This is further amplified with geographic composition of the country (Kench et al. 2006) and the import driven economy (Athukorala 2004) makes airport business continuity vital for the continuity of the nation. But how can airports, often being described as an aerotropolis (Kassarda 2000) ensure business continuity and effective crisis management?

1. Maldives Airports Company Limited
Business Continuity & Crisis Management

2. Presentation Layout
KEY TERMINOLOGIES CRITICAL SUCCESS
FACTORS
THE CASE STUDY -
MALDIVES AIRPORTS
COMPANY LIMITED
RECOMMENDATIONS CONCLUSION

3. Terminologies – A Definition
• Business Continuity
• Business Continuity
Management
• Crisis Management
• Crisis

4. Critical Success Factors
1. Governance and Embedding (Business Continuity Institute 2018)
2. People centered approach (International Civil Aviation Organization
1998)
3. Crisis learning (Pearson and Mitroff 1993)
4. Training and Exercising (Elliott, Swartz, and Herbane 2010)
5. Media management (Blyth 2009)
6. Recognition of pre-condition (Fink 1986)
7. Incident Management Framework (Blyth 2009)

5. Embedding
➢ Management support, endorsed by the board
of members and be embraced by the
executive management.
➢ Making it a part of the day to day procedures,
dominant culture and organizational systems.
➢ Resistance to change within organizations is
the biggest challenge.
(British Standard Institute 2007)

6. Business Continuity Model – Embedding
(Business Continuity Institute 2018)
(Alvesson and Sveningsson 2015)
(Stevens 2001)

7. People-Centered Approach
➢ Business continuity elements as a
system should revolve around the
duty of care for the people.
➢ Resilient humans play a pivotal role in
post crisis organizational continuity.
➢ Insider threat and security-related
technostress.

8. People Centered Approach – Shell Model
International Civil Aviation Organization (1998)

9. Crisis learning
Post-crisis investigations
and “full cultural
readjustment” (Turner
and Pidgeon 1997).
Successful organizations embark on a
continuous transformation through
learning processes aimed at individuals,
group and systems (Dixon 1999).
Legitimation of disaster
gives rise to new norms,
and precautionary systems
(Smith 1990).
Crisis learning gives organizations
the ability to pre-plan and maneuver
effectively during crisis events
(Kim 1998).

10. Crisis Learning - Greiner's Model Curve
(Andreatta 2018)

11. The Case Study - Maldives Airports Company Limited
(Maldives Airports Rescue and Firefighting Service 2012)

12. National Laws National Regulations International Guidelines
Civil Aviation Law Maldives Civil Aviation
Regulation
International Civil Aviation
Organization - Standards and
Recommended Practice
Maldives Company law State Owned Enterprises
Corporate Governance Code
International Health Regulation –
World health Organization
National Disaster Management
law
International Air Transport
Association guidelines
Customs Law Airports Council International
Guidelines
Immigration law
Maldives Airports Company - Case Study / Legislature and regulations

13. # Threats Descriptions and Details
1 Natural Hazards Severe Weather ➢ Cyclone rain
➢ Tidal Surges
➢ Thunderstorms lightning
Geological Event ➢ Earthquakes
➢ Tsunami
2 Unlawful Interference and security
related event
Perimeter intrusion / Terrorism
Criminal Activity Events / incidents
near airport
➢ Drones
➢ Bag or Vehicle borne Improvised explosive devices
➢ Smuggling and human trafficking
3 Public Health related events Public health Scare/ Communicable
disease outbreak
➢ Declaration of public health incidents of international concern by World health
Organization
➢ Local disease / Pandemic wiping out a significant portion of the workforce
4 Aircraft Event Aircraft incident or accident ➢ Wild life on airside/ taxiway and runway resulting in:
- Runway closer or restricted Operations
- Disabled aircraft on the runway
- Damage to runway surface and movement area
5 Cyber Security and Airport
Technical Systems
Major Systems Equipment Failure ➢ Air traffic control Systems
➢ Information displays (FIDS/GIDS/BIDS)
➢ Passenger Processing System
➢ Baggage system
➢ Radio communication
➢ Airfield lighting or Nav-aids
➢ Access-control system
➢ Intranet Systems
Utilities Disruption in major facilities ➢ Water, Electricity, Sewerage, Drainage
6 Airport Stakeholder Issue Industrial action/ Supply Chain ➢ Critical Service providers
➢ Aviation Fuel

14. Function Key Services Description
Airport operational services ✓ Air Traffic Services
✓ Airport Ground Handling
✓ Terminal Services
✓ Passenger Services
✓ Aerodrome Navigational Services
✓ Rescue and Firefighting Services
Services critical for core business
Utilities and Municipal Services
✓ Electrify
✓ Water
✓ Sewerage
✓ Waste Management
Services critical for core business
Airport Non-Aero Business ✓ Duty Free Services important for core business
Airport Administrative Services ✓ Human Resource Management
✓ Finance
✓ Procurement
Services convenient for core business
Airport Key Products and Services

15. Relations
Manage Closely Keep Satisfied Keep Informed Monitor
Passengers Ministry of Finance Government Authorities Surrounding Community
Airlines Maldives Immigration Domestic Airports Destination Airports
Civil Aviation Authority Maldives Customs Service Resorts Non-governmental Organizations
Employees Maldives Police Service Airports Council International
Privatization and
Corporatization Board (State
business regulator)
Maldives National Defense
Force
International Civil Aviation
Organization
Development Contractors Health Protection Agency International Air transport
Association
Suppliers Maldivian Red Cross
Airport Stakeholders

16. Recommendations
➢ Make Business Continuity plan separate from the Emergency Plan
➢ The company should conduct a more holistic risk assessment and
business Impact Analysis.
➢ Improvement of training and awareness for business continuity.
➢ Realign the enterprise risk management and corporate policies to
embed business continuity.

17. Conclusion
Recommendations
The Case Study: Maldives Airports Company Limited
Critical Sucess Factors for BCM/CM
Business Continuity and Crisis Management

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