Running head: MANAGEMENT 1 MANAGEMENT 2 Operations Management in Airline Industry Name Course Tutor College Date Airline industry has a positive impact on the people’s way of living. It has now become a very essential service hard to picture how life would be without it. It has changed on the way people operate in the world of business because now time taken to travel long distances is very short. It is now possible to do business in some areas which were considered to be remote way back. It provides the necessary transportation network in the whole world therefore its acknowledged for the success of businesses and growth of the tourism industry (ATAG, 2005). Aviation industry is a major source of employment and by paying taxes it contributes much to the economy. It has been experiencing a considerable growth in the last decades. Its approximately above seventy-fold as the time the first airliner flew (ATAG, 2005). That huge growth experienced is due to many factors. One of them is increase in disposable income which has led to improved living standards in the world. The growth is also as a result of improved aviation laws and open- sky negotiations between different governments. It has led to discovery of new markets making travel affordable and easier. Increased demand due to high levels of confidence in air travel as a proved safe means of travel has also contributed to the enormous growth. Due to increased competition, airfares have reduced therefore low cost in traveling. Globalization has also played major role as the distance traveled has increased since people are doing business everywhere due to stable political and social climate. These factors are expected to improve further thus increased no of traffic in air travel. It is now to the companies in the industry to utilize the advantage of the available opportunities and improve in the management of their work. Most of the airlines are owned by the government but now there is an emerging trend of movement to commercial, independent public companies. This has led to increased number of commercial companies thus increased pressure on management in increased profits, reduction of cost and revenue increment. The operators in this industry survive in a very competitive and dynamic environment. First this industry was created for the service of delivering mails. There has been massive evolution into very complicated operations of transport to passengers and cargo. All these improvements come with a very complex operating strategies and a lot of competition. To attain a considerable growth, it is important for the airline companies to study the conditions prevailing in the market. This industry involves very high investment costs, operation in a geographically dispersed market and tough huddles imposed by the regulator. Therefore this has led to huge investment in operations techniques and information. The industry has been divided into different sectors. They include ope.

1. Running head: MANAGEMENT
1
MANAGEMENT
2
Operations Management in Airline Industry
Name
Course
Tutor
College
Date
Airline industry has a positive impact on the people’s way of
living. It has now become a very essential service hard to
picture how life would be without it. It has changed on the way
people operate in the world of business because now time taken
to travel long distances is very short. It is now possible to do
business in some areas which were considered to be remote way
back. It provides the necessary transportation network in the
whole world therefore its acknowledged for the success of
businesses and growth of the tourism industry (ATAG, 2005).
Aviation industry is a major source of employment and by
paying taxes it contributes much to the economy. It has been
experiencing a considerable growth in the last decades. Its
approximately above seventy-fold as the time the first airliner
flew (ATAG, 2005). That huge growth experienced is due to
many factors. One of them is increase in disposable income
which has led to improved living standards in the world.

2. The growth is also as a result of improved aviation laws and
open- sky negotiations between different governments. It has
led to discovery of new markets making travel affordable and
easier. Increased demand due to high levels of confidence in air
travel as a proved safe means of travel has also contributed to
the enormous growth.
Due to increased competition, airfares have reduced therefore
low cost in traveling. Globalization has also played major role
as the distance traveled has increased since people are doing
business everywhere due to stable political and social climate.
These factors are expected to improve further thus increased no
of traffic in air travel. It is now to the companies in the industry
to utilize the advantage of the available opportunities and
improve in the management of their work.
Most of the airlines are owned by the government but now there
is an emerging trend of movement to commercial, independent
public companies. This has led to increased number of
commercial companies thus increased pressure on management
in increased profits, reduction of cost and revenue increment.
The operators in this industry survive in a very competitive and
dynamic environment. First this industry was created for the
service of delivering mails. There has been massive evolution
into very complicated operations of transport to passengers and
cargo. All these improvements come with a very complex
operating strategies and a lot of competition.
To attain a considerable growth, it is important for the airline
companies to study the conditions prevailing in the market. This
industry involves very high investment costs, operation in a
geographically dispersed market and tough huddles imposed by
the regulator. Therefore this has led to huge investment in
operations techniques and information.
The industry has been divided into different sectors. They
include operations management, revenue management, capacity
planning and marketing. All these processes are aimed to one
main goal of industry growth and profitability. In this case, i

3. emphasize much in operations management.
Operations management is a very wide field which in it various
activities are incorporated which enables input of an
organization to be transformed into output. The operations
manager has to make informed decisions to conform to the
strategic plans of the company and within the limits of its
budget. His decisions should also be able to attain a high
competitive advantage.
The operational strategy involves the direction the company
would like to take so as to attain its goals. The company has to
be strategic fit to be able to approach the future. It should have
a well integrated mission and its internal capabilities in
consideration of the environment it is operating in.
In operations management, its main goal is to advance the yield
level of the company by ensuring desirable efficiency levels.
The operations manager is mandated to make critical decisions
in areas of designing the product, its quality, processes, and
human resources, management of the supply chain, inventory
and maintenance of schedules.
The operations manager in making his decisions has a variety of
solutions. But due to the high levels of competition, it is
important to be creative and innovative in applying some
strategies. It gives the company the company a competitive edge
to deal with challenges over their opponents. It is therefore
important to apply the two innovation models i.e. the adoption
model and the diffusion model.
The adoption model highlights the organizations need to be able
to adopt various forms of innovation from the surrounding
environment without necessarily conducting research. It
requires creativity and being able to think extensively outside
the box. Being innovative is always a requirement to succeed in
an environment with such complexity. In many cases such
creativity may not be available in a business setup but still the
company should be in a position to learn from its competitors
and pick what in their opinion best to suit their business

4. (Cushman, 1993).
With diffusion model, the company is the pioneer of the
innovation which is spread to other companies. This method is
the best since it is practical and is based mainly on originality
and research. It gives a company the required proof of the
reason the company has become a market leader. With all its
admirable results it requires a lot of hard work, huge
investments and perseverance (Dearden, 2006).
In order to deal with some of the inefficiencies experienced for
proper operations management, it is important to see how the
following issues are dealt with; emergencies and delays, serving
customers, reservations handling, baggage handling, meals,
maintenance and training of the crew.
Delays have become more frequent nowadays; they involve
staying for long hours on the tarmac before the flight takes off.
The reality is it is rare for a schedule to be implemented as
planned. The schedules keep being interrupted because of
breakdowns, breach of security procedures and delays by crew.
Due to much complains by the customers and the failure by the
airline companies to take responsibility, there are regulations
which have been passed. These regulations require that
passengers be served with snacks; there must be a working
bathroom. Medical personnel must be available and a good plan
for emergencies.
The airline companies have the responsibility to make sure the
contract between you and them is honored. In case of cancelled
flights they should meet the cost of accommodation and be able
to rebook their customers on other flight in case of connection
flights. After learning of flight delays, it should be posted on
the web in order to be able to rebook the flight.
The work of safety in an airline lies with the flight attendants.
They are supposed to ensure comfort to the passengers. In
addition to that they are supposed to serve meals. The
international safety regulation gives directions on the required
number of attendants.
Airline reservation systems have evolved to computer

5. reservation systems. This system is used for reservations. It
contains records of the tickets, fare tariffs and airline schedules.
Customers can as well make reservations using their mobile
phones or in the internet. The computer reservation system
interfaces with the global distribution system thus linking it
with the major airlines to have a single system.
Baggage handling system is used for proper handling of
baggage. It is a conveyer system used to move luggage from
ticketing area to loading zone. It can also be used in moving
baggage from the airplane. It is used to sort the baggage and
taking it to where it is supposed to be.
The aircraft’s have to undergo periodic checks after some time.
They follow a specific inspection program which is supposed to
be authorized by the federal aviation administration (in the
USA).
Crew must be properly trained. It is done through a system
called cockpit resource management. It is a procedure used to
make improvements in air safety. It is normally focused on
leadership, problem solving, teamwork and communication.
This was as a result of a research which noted out that most of
accidents occurred due to human error.
Generally for an air line to succeed, many professionals have to
be involved. The ticket department has to work tirelessly to
match the flights for every customer. Security has to ensure the
safety of the airline not to mention the pilots who spend many
hours studying proper management of flights.
The operation managers must ensure that no incidents during
flight process. They work properly to make sure there is co-
ordination with other airlines. They have many assistants for
helping the customers to ensure their satisfaction.
The manager’s role is to find solutions to some challenges
which are unique and have not been experienced elsewhere.
This involves issues of public relations which are the key part
for the success of the whole business. All the issues have to be

6. dealt with in time before they are noticed by the average
traveler. It is important for departure and arrival time of flights
to be updated in time. The air traffic controllers also need to
assist in solving runway problems. This make the operations
management be the point for the success and efficiency in the
airline industry.
References
ATAG. (2005). ‘The economic and social benefits of air
transport’. Air transport action group.
Hoyle,D. (2006) ‘Quality management essentials’ Butterworth-
heinemann.
ICAO.(2006). ‘Economic contribution of civil aviation’
International civil aviation organization.
Krajewski, l & ritzman. (2006) ‘Operations management
strategy and analysis’ Prentice hall.
Slack,N.,chambers, s.&Johnston, R.A.B. (2005) ‘Operations and
process management’
BIOLOGY
question 1
"Cells and Cancer" Please respond to the following:
Note: Online students, please select one of the two subjects to
discuss.
· From the first e-Activity, explain how the blog post ties in
with this week’s lessons. Indicate three significant ways this
post tells us about the link between metabolism, apoptosis, and

7. cancer, and provide an example with your response.
· From the second e-Activity, discuss the main point of the
article. Determine at least three benefits of the genetically
modified bacteria described in the article. Give your opinion on
what risks the genetically modified bacteria may pose to those
receiving the cancer treatments.
e-activities
e-Activity
· Go to the Science Blogs Website and read the blog post titled
“ Dichloroacetate and cancer”, dated May 16, 2011, located
at http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2011/05/dichloroacetate_
and_cancer.php. Be prepared to discuss.
· Go to the Postcards from Winticomack Website and read the
blog post titled, “Using genetically-modified bacteria to fight
cancer at Johns Hopkins”, dated February 26, 2005, located
athttp://www.winticomack.com/article.php?essay=a050226. Be
prepared to discuss.
question 2.
"Sexual Reproduction" Please respond to the following:
Note: please select one of the two subjects to discuss.
· Describe the major differences between Meiosis I and Meiosis
II. Explain what you believe is the most significant difference
in respect to sexual reproduction and explain why.
· Discuss the advantages of sexual reproduction in plants over
asexual reproduction. Determine if there are any disadvantages,

8. and explain why or why not.
FINANCE
question 1
"Mortgage Markets" Please respond to the following:
· Create an argument related to mortgage-back securities that
either supports or does not support that the benefits outweigh
the costs. Provide support for your argument.
· From the first e-Activity, determine the best choice for you in
today’s economic climate of either purchasing or refinancing a
home. Support your response with details from fixed and
adjustable rate mortgages.
question 2
"Stock Offerings" Please respond to the following:
· From the second e-Activity, consider your chosen company is
pondering an IPO in the next six months. Develop a strategy for
the chosen company to meet its stated objective.
· Take a position on the following statement: Investors should
avoid investing in any penny stock. Support your position with
evidence or examples.
NOTE: This is e-activities to answer question 1 and 2 for
finance
e-activities
· Research the Internet or the Strayer Library to find a company
that is considering an IPO. Be prepared to discuss.

9. · Research the Internet or the Strayer Library to find a stock of
your choice to determine if the stock is fairly valued. Be
prepared to discuss.