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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume 7 Issue 3, May-June 2023 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD57489 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 3 | May-June 2023 Page 904
Cyberchondria among College Teachers
Prof. Anbuselvi. K1
, Prof. Suja Santosh. P. S2
, Purushothaman. B3
, Renugadevi. M4
,
Robert Hevin. E5
, Roshan. N6
, Sankar. T7
, Saravanan. S8
, Sathya. S9
, Sivagami. P10
, Sneka. S11
1
HOD of Obstetrical and Gynaecological Nursing Department,
2
Professor, Biostatistics, 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11
B.Sc Nursing Student,
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11
RVS College of Nursing, Sulur, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
ABSTRACT
In the digital age, the internet has become a major source of health
information, offering a vast amount of knowledge at our fingertips.
While some individuals find empowerment in accessing health
information online, others experience heightened anxiety. This
anxiety often stems from excessive searching behaviour, known as
cyberchondria, triggered by ambiguous or conflicting online
information. Cyberchondria leads to uncertainty and distress,
impacting mental well-being. Cyberchondria is a distinct construct
linked to health anxiety and can impact the relationship between
healthcare providers and clients. This study aimed to assess the level
of cyberchondria among college teachers in Coimbatore and examine
its association with demographic variables. A sample of 100 college
teachers were selected using non-probability convenient sampling.
Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, and the level of
cyberchondria was measured using a modified Cyberchondria
Severity Scale. The findings showed that the majority of the teachers
had a mild level of cyberchondria, while a small percentage exhibited
a moderate level. Significant associations were found between
qualification and the level of cyberchondria, while no significant
associations were found with other demographic variables. The
study's implications highlight the need for awareness and educational
programs among nursing students and healthcare professionals to
address the negative effects of cyberchondria.
KEYWORDS: Cyberchondria, Online health information, Health
anxiety
How to cite this paper: Prof. Anbuselvi.
K | Prof. Suja Santosh. P. S |
Purushothaman. B | Renugadevi. M |
Robert Hevin. E | Roshan. N | Sankar. T
| Saravanan. S | Sathya. S | Sivagami. P |
Sneka. S "Cyberchondria among College
Teachers" Published
in International
Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research
and Development
(ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
6470, Volume-7 |
Issue-3, June 2023,
pp.904-908, URL:
www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd57489.pdf
Copyright © 2023 by author (s) and
International Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research and Development
Journal. This is an
Open Access article
distributed under the
terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
INTRODUCTION
The internet has become a primary source of health
information in the twenty-first century, offering easy
access to a wealth of knowledge. While some
individuals feel empowered after searching for health
information online, others experience increased
anxiety. This excessive searching behavior, known as
cyberchondria, can be triggered by ambiguous or
conflicting online information, leading to uncertainty
and distress. Studies have highlighted the prevalence
and impact of cyberchondria, with a significant
positive correlation between psychological distress,
cyberchondria, and uncertainty. Cyberchondria is a
distinct construct related to health anxiety, and it can
affect the relationship between healthcare providers
and clients. Given its negative association with
mental health, this study aims to assess the level of
cyberchondria among college teachers in Coimbatore
and its association with demographic variables,
contributing to a better understanding of this
phenomenon.
Objective
To assess the level of cyberchondria among
teachers.
To explore the association between the level of
cyberchondria and selected demographic
variables.
Operational Definition
Cyberchondria: Unfounded anxiety concerning one's
health brought on by visiting health and medical
websites. In this study, the level of cyberchondria will
be measured using a modified cyberchondria severity
scale for teachers.
IJTSRD57489
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD57489 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 3 | May-June 2023 Page 905
College teachers: Teachers working in Arts and
Science Colleges and Health Science Institutions,
including both male and female teachers with
graduate and postgraduate qualifications.
Assumption
The level of cyberchondria among college teachers
will vary from individual to individual.
Delimitation
This study is delimited to Arts and Science College
teachers and Health Science teachers.
Scope of the study
This study aims to identify the level of cyberchondria
among college teachers, providing insights into the
prevalence and impact of cyberchondria in this
specific population
Literature Review
The review includes various studies conducted
worldwide, focusing on different aspects of
cyberchondria. The studies explored the relationship
between cyberchondria and factors such as
compulsive internet use, health anxiety, obsessive-
compulsive symptoms, intolerance of uncertainty, and
psychological distress. The findings of reviews
consistently indicate a positive association between
cyberchondria and these factors. Furthermore, the
review highlights the impact of cyberchondria during
the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the increased
reliance on online health information and its potential
effects on mental health. The studies also discuss the
demographic variables associated with cyberchondria
and its negative impact on quality of life.
Methodology
The research approach chosen for this study was
quantitative, and a descriptive research design was
employed. The study was conducted at RVS
Institution in Sulur, Coimbatore. A sample size of 100
teachers from Arts & Science and Health Science
College and were selected using non-probability
convenient sampling. The criteria for sample
selection included willingness to participate, age
between 25-45 years, and both male and female
teachers. The data collection tool used was a
structured questionnaire consisting of two parts:
Demographic variables and the Modified
Cyberchondria Severity Scale. The validity of the tool
was assessed by nursing experts, and reliability was
tested using the test-retest method (r=0.872). For data
collection, obtained permission from the institution,
explained the study to the participants and obtained
oral consent from the sample, and allocating 15-20
minutes for questionnaire completion. The data were
analyzed using SPSS software, including frequency
and percentage for demographic variables and the
level of cyberchondria, and chi-square test for
association analysis. Ethical considerations were
followed, including obtaining permission and
maintaining confidentiality and anonymity of the
participants.
Results
The study findings revealed that most of the samples were females (65%), from nuclear family (68%), in the age
group (65%), were living in urban area (59%) and were married (73%). More than half of samples were from
Arts and Science college (53%) with Post Graduate qualification (39%) and were assistant professor (45%) with
month income of RS 20,000 - 35,000 (41%). Based on health related information, nearly one third of the
samples 28 (28%) had health issue, out of 28 samples 18 (64.28%) had the health problem for more than 6
month and 5 (17.86%) had diabetic mellitus, 5 (17.86%) had hypertension and 4 (14.28%) had asthma. One fifth
of the samples 21(21%) had undergone surgery. More than half of the samples 53(53%) had preferred to search
on internet for health issues and they search the symptoms such as fever 12(22.64%), stomach pain 15 (28.30%)
head ache 10 (18.86%). 12(12%) of the samples taken medication by searching internet.
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD57489 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 3 | May-June 2023 Page 906
The figure presents the percentage distribution of the level of cyberchondria among the samples. It shows that 39
(39.0%) of the samples were classified as having a normal level of cyberchondria, 55 (55.0%) had a mild level,
and 6 (6.0%) had a moderate level. The majority of the samples were found to have either a mild or moderate
level of cyberchondria among college teachers.
From the above figure, the majority of the samples had a mild level of cyberchondria in the compulsion, distress,
excessiveness, and reassurance components. However, a significant proportion of the samples exhibited a severe
level of cyberchondria in the mistrust of medical professionals component. These findings suggest that while
most participants had relatively low levels of cyberchondria, there was a notable level of distrust towards
medical professionals, potentially influencing their online health-seeking behaviours and attitudes.
Personal characteristics
Level of cyberchondria
χ2 value P<0.05 Table value Df
Normal Mild Moderate
Age in years
• < 25
• ≥ 25
2
37
12
43
1
5
4.99
NS
df=2
5.99
Sex
• Male
• Female
16
23
16
39
3
3
2.060
NS
df=2
5.99
Area of living (N=94)
• Urban
• Rural
23
16
30
25
6
0
0.182
NS
df=1
3.84
Type of family
• Nuclear
• Joint
25
14
30
25
5
1
0.951
NS
df=2
5.99
Qualification
• UG
• PG and more
3
36
12
43
2
4
16.923
S
df=2
5.99
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD57489 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 3 | May-June 2023 Page 907
Department
• Medical science
• Arts and science
15
24
27
28
5
1
4.418
NS
df=2
5.99
Designation
• Associate Professor/Professor
• Assistant professor
• Lecturer
• Assistant lecturer
13
19
3
4
16
24
6
9
1
2
1
2
4.224
NS
df =6
12.59
Marital status
• Married
• Unmarried
31
8
39
16
3
3
2.565
NS
df=2
5.99
Income
• <Rs.20,000
• Rs.20,000-35,000
• >Rs.35,000
14
15
10
18
24
13
3
2
1
0.898
NS
df=4
9.49
Table-1 shows that the association between the selected personal characteristics and level of cyberchondria. The
finding from table shows that there is a significant association between the qualification and level of
cyberchondria and no significant association between level of cyberchondria and other demographic
characteristics such as age in years, sex, area of living, type of family, department, designation, marital status,
income.
Conclusion
The study concluded that majority of the sample had
mild and moderate level of Cyberchondria among
college teachers.
Implication
The study's implications includes raising awareness
among nursing students and conducting in-service
educational programs to address the negative effects
of cyberchondria. Psychiatric nurses are important in
managing the psychological aspects of cyberchondria,
and nurse administrators to be encouraged to organize
educational programs on cyberchondria.
Limitation
The limitations of the study includes the small sample
size and only samples from restricted area
Recommendation
A similar study may be replicated on a large
sample to validate and generalize the findings.
An exploratory study can be conducted to assess
the prevalence of Cyberchondria among
community people.
A comparative study can be conducted to assess
the level of Cyberchondria among adult in rural
and urban community.
Bibliography
[1] Sharma, S.K. (2009). Textbook of Nursing
Research and Statistical. (5th ed.). New Delhi,
India: Elsevier India Pvt Ltd.
[2] Basavanthappa, B.T. (2003). Nursing
Education. (9th ed.). New Delhi: Jaypee
Brothers.
[3] Neerajakp. (2003). Textbook of Nursing
Education. (1st ed.). New Delhi, India: Jaypee
Brothers.
[4] Gupta, S.P. (1996). Statistical Methods. (2nd
ed.). New Delhi: Sulthanchord and Sons.
[5] Taylor, H. (Vol. 11). Explosive growth of a
new breed of Cyberchondria. In L.H.
Associates, The Harris Poll.
[6] Fox, S., & Duggan, M. (2013). Health Online.
Pew Research Center's Internet and American
Life Project, Vol. 15.
[7] Stylianosarsenakis, A., Chatton, A.,
Penzenstadler, L., Billieux, J., Berle, D.,
Valdanstarcevic, et al. (November 2021).
Unveiling the relationship between
Cyberchondria and psychological symptoms.
Retrieved from
https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd
[8] Rahme, C., Akel, M., Obeid, S., Hallit, S.
(October 29, 2021). Cyberchondria severity and
quality of life among Lebanese adults. The
mediating role of fear and COVID-19,
depression, anxiety, stress, and Obsessive-
Compulsive behavior: A structural equation
model approach. BMC Psychology, Article No:
169. Retrieved from
https://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com
[9] Blackburn, J., Fischerauer, S., Talaei-khoei, M.,
et al. (December 2019). Cyberchondria
increases health anxiety in orthopedic patients.
Advances in Mass General Hospital, 477, 2665-
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD57489 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 3 | May-June 2023 Page 908
2673. Retrieved from
https://advances.massgeneral.org
[10] Famtelpool, S.E., Baumgartner, T., Hartman,
M.J. (October 2016). The curious case of
Cyberchondria: A longitudinal study on the
reciprocal relationship between health anxiety
and online health information seeking.
Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com
[11] Khazaal, Y., Chatton, A., Rochat, L., Hede, V.,
Berle, D., Valdanstarcevic, et al. (October 29,
2020). Compulsive health-related internet and
Cyberchondria. Retrieved from
https://www.karger.com/ear
[12] Maftei, A., Holman, A.C. (October 2020).
Cyberchondria during the coronavirus
pandemic: The effects of neuroticism and
optimism. Retrieved from
https://trends.google.com
[13] Schenkel, S.K., Jungmann, S.M., Gropalis, M.,
Witthoft, M., et al. (November 2021).
Conceptualization of Cyberchondria and
relations to the anxiety spectrum: Systemic
Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of Medical
Internet Research, 23(11), e27835. Retrieved
from https://www.jmir.org/2021/11/e27835

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Cyberchondria among College Teachers

  • 1. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) Volume 7 Issue 3, May-June 2023 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD57489 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 3 | May-June 2023 Page 904 Cyberchondria among College Teachers Prof. Anbuselvi. K1 , Prof. Suja Santosh. P. S2 , Purushothaman. B3 , Renugadevi. M4 , Robert Hevin. E5 , Roshan. N6 , Sankar. T7 , Saravanan. S8 , Sathya. S9 , Sivagami. P10 , Sneka. S11 1 HOD of Obstetrical and Gynaecological Nursing Department, 2 Professor, Biostatistics, 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 B.Sc Nursing Student, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 RVS College of Nursing, Sulur, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India ABSTRACT In the digital age, the internet has become a major source of health information, offering a vast amount of knowledge at our fingertips. While some individuals find empowerment in accessing health information online, others experience heightened anxiety. This anxiety often stems from excessive searching behaviour, known as cyberchondria, triggered by ambiguous or conflicting online information. Cyberchondria leads to uncertainty and distress, impacting mental well-being. Cyberchondria is a distinct construct linked to health anxiety and can impact the relationship between healthcare providers and clients. This study aimed to assess the level of cyberchondria among college teachers in Coimbatore and examine its association with demographic variables. A sample of 100 college teachers were selected using non-probability convenient sampling. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, and the level of cyberchondria was measured using a modified Cyberchondria Severity Scale. The findings showed that the majority of the teachers had a mild level of cyberchondria, while a small percentage exhibited a moderate level. Significant associations were found between qualification and the level of cyberchondria, while no significant associations were found with other demographic variables. The study's implications highlight the need for awareness and educational programs among nursing students and healthcare professionals to address the negative effects of cyberchondria. KEYWORDS: Cyberchondria, Online health information, Health anxiety How to cite this paper: Prof. Anbuselvi. K | Prof. Suja Santosh. P. S | Purushothaman. B | Renugadevi. M | Robert Hevin. E | Roshan. N | Sankar. T | Saravanan. S | Sathya. S | Sivagami. P | Sneka. S "Cyberchondria among College Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456- 6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3, June 2023, pp.904-908, URL: www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd57489.pdf Copyright © 2023 by author (s) and International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Journal. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) INTRODUCTION The internet has become a primary source of health information in the twenty-first century, offering easy access to a wealth of knowledge. While some individuals feel empowered after searching for health information online, others experience increased anxiety. This excessive searching behavior, known as cyberchondria, can be triggered by ambiguous or conflicting online information, leading to uncertainty and distress. Studies have highlighted the prevalence and impact of cyberchondria, with a significant positive correlation between psychological distress, cyberchondria, and uncertainty. Cyberchondria is a distinct construct related to health anxiety, and it can affect the relationship between healthcare providers and clients. Given its negative association with mental health, this study aims to assess the level of cyberchondria among college teachers in Coimbatore and its association with demographic variables, contributing to a better understanding of this phenomenon. Objective To assess the level of cyberchondria among teachers. To explore the association between the level of cyberchondria and selected demographic variables. Operational Definition Cyberchondria: Unfounded anxiety concerning one's health brought on by visiting health and medical websites. In this study, the level of cyberchondria will be measured using a modified cyberchondria severity scale for teachers. IJTSRD57489
  • 2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD57489 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 3 | May-June 2023 Page 905 College teachers: Teachers working in Arts and Science Colleges and Health Science Institutions, including both male and female teachers with graduate and postgraduate qualifications. Assumption The level of cyberchondria among college teachers will vary from individual to individual. Delimitation This study is delimited to Arts and Science College teachers and Health Science teachers. Scope of the study This study aims to identify the level of cyberchondria among college teachers, providing insights into the prevalence and impact of cyberchondria in this specific population Literature Review The review includes various studies conducted worldwide, focusing on different aspects of cyberchondria. The studies explored the relationship between cyberchondria and factors such as compulsive internet use, health anxiety, obsessive- compulsive symptoms, intolerance of uncertainty, and psychological distress. The findings of reviews consistently indicate a positive association between cyberchondria and these factors. Furthermore, the review highlights the impact of cyberchondria during the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the increased reliance on online health information and its potential effects on mental health. The studies also discuss the demographic variables associated with cyberchondria and its negative impact on quality of life. Methodology The research approach chosen for this study was quantitative, and a descriptive research design was employed. The study was conducted at RVS Institution in Sulur, Coimbatore. A sample size of 100 teachers from Arts & Science and Health Science College and were selected using non-probability convenient sampling. The criteria for sample selection included willingness to participate, age between 25-45 years, and both male and female teachers. The data collection tool used was a structured questionnaire consisting of two parts: Demographic variables and the Modified Cyberchondria Severity Scale. The validity of the tool was assessed by nursing experts, and reliability was tested using the test-retest method (r=0.872). For data collection, obtained permission from the institution, explained the study to the participants and obtained oral consent from the sample, and allocating 15-20 minutes for questionnaire completion. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, including frequency and percentage for demographic variables and the level of cyberchondria, and chi-square test for association analysis. Ethical considerations were followed, including obtaining permission and maintaining confidentiality and anonymity of the participants. Results The study findings revealed that most of the samples were females (65%), from nuclear family (68%), in the age group (65%), were living in urban area (59%) and were married (73%). More than half of samples were from Arts and Science college (53%) with Post Graduate qualification (39%) and were assistant professor (45%) with month income of RS 20,000 - 35,000 (41%). Based on health related information, nearly one third of the samples 28 (28%) had health issue, out of 28 samples 18 (64.28%) had the health problem for more than 6 month and 5 (17.86%) had diabetic mellitus, 5 (17.86%) had hypertension and 4 (14.28%) had asthma. One fifth of the samples 21(21%) had undergone surgery. More than half of the samples 53(53%) had preferred to search on internet for health issues and they search the symptoms such as fever 12(22.64%), stomach pain 15 (28.30%) head ache 10 (18.86%). 12(12%) of the samples taken medication by searching internet.
  • 3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD57489 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 3 | May-June 2023 Page 906 The figure presents the percentage distribution of the level of cyberchondria among the samples. It shows that 39 (39.0%) of the samples were classified as having a normal level of cyberchondria, 55 (55.0%) had a mild level, and 6 (6.0%) had a moderate level. The majority of the samples were found to have either a mild or moderate level of cyberchondria among college teachers. From the above figure, the majority of the samples had a mild level of cyberchondria in the compulsion, distress, excessiveness, and reassurance components. However, a significant proportion of the samples exhibited a severe level of cyberchondria in the mistrust of medical professionals component. These findings suggest that while most participants had relatively low levels of cyberchondria, there was a notable level of distrust towards medical professionals, potentially influencing their online health-seeking behaviours and attitudes. Personal characteristics Level of cyberchondria χ2 value P<0.05 Table value Df Normal Mild Moderate Age in years • < 25 • ≥ 25 2 37 12 43 1 5 4.99 NS df=2 5.99 Sex • Male • Female 16 23 16 39 3 3 2.060 NS df=2 5.99 Area of living (N=94) • Urban • Rural 23 16 30 25 6 0 0.182 NS df=1 3.84 Type of family • Nuclear • Joint 25 14 30 25 5 1 0.951 NS df=2 5.99 Qualification • UG • PG and more 3 36 12 43 2 4 16.923 S df=2 5.99
  • 4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD57489 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 3 | May-June 2023 Page 907 Department • Medical science • Arts and science 15 24 27 28 5 1 4.418 NS df=2 5.99 Designation • Associate Professor/Professor • Assistant professor • Lecturer • Assistant lecturer 13 19 3 4 16 24 6 9 1 2 1 2 4.224 NS df =6 12.59 Marital status • Married • Unmarried 31 8 39 16 3 3 2.565 NS df=2 5.99 Income • <Rs.20,000 • Rs.20,000-35,000 • >Rs.35,000 14 15 10 18 24 13 3 2 1 0.898 NS df=4 9.49 Table-1 shows that the association between the selected personal characteristics and level of cyberchondria. The finding from table shows that there is a significant association between the qualification and level of cyberchondria and no significant association between level of cyberchondria and other demographic characteristics such as age in years, sex, area of living, type of family, department, designation, marital status, income. Conclusion The study concluded that majority of the sample had mild and moderate level of Cyberchondria among college teachers. Implication The study's implications includes raising awareness among nursing students and conducting in-service educational programs to address the negative effects of cyberchondria. Psychiatric nurses are important in managing the psychological aspects of cyberchondria, and nurse administrators to be encouraged to organize educational programs on cyberchondria. Limitation The limitations of the study includes the small sample size and only samples from restricted area Recommendation A similar study may be replicated on a large sample to validate and generalize the findings. An exploratory study can be conducted to assess the prevalence of Cyberchondria among community people. A comparative study can be conducted to assess the level of Cyberchondria among adult in rural and urban community. Bibliography [1] Sharma, S.K. (2009). Textbook of Nursing Research and Statistical. (5th ed.). New Delhi, India: Elsevier India Pvt Ltd. [2] Basavanthappa, B.T. (2003). Nursing Education. (9th ed.). New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers. [3] Neerajakp. (2003). Textbook of Nursing Education. (1st ed.). New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers. [4] Gupta, S.P. (1996). Statistical Methods. (2nd ed.). New Delhi: Sulthanchord and Sons. [5] Taylor, H. (Vol. 11). Explosive growth of a new breed of Cyberchondria. In L.H. Associates, The Harris Poll. [6] Fox, S., & Duggan, M. (2013). Health Online. Pew Research Center's Internet and American Life Project, Vol. 15. [7] Stylianosarsenakis, A., Chatton, A., Penzenstadler, L., Billieux, J., Berle, D., Valdanstarcevic, et al. (November 2021). Unveiling the relationship between Cyberchondria and psychological symptoms. Retrieved from https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd [8] Rahme, C., Akel, M., Obeid, S., Hallit, S. (October 29, 2021). Cyberchondria severity and quality of life among Lebanese adults. The mediating role of fear and COVID-19, depression, anxiety, stress, and Obsessive- Compulsive behavior: A structural equation model approach. BMC Psychology, Article No: 169. Retrieved from https://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com [9] Blackburn, J., Fischerauer, S., Talaei-khoei, M., et al. (December 2019). Cyberchondria increases health anxiety in orthopedic patients. Advances in Mass General Hospital, 477, 2665-
  • 5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD57489 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 3 | May-June 2023 Page 908 2673. Retrieved from https://advances.massgeneral.org [10] Famtelpool, S.E., Baumgartner, T., Hartman, M.J. (October 2016). The curious case of Cyberchondria: A longitudinal study on the reciprocal relationship between health anxiety and online health information seeking. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com [11] Khazaal, Y., Chatton, A., Rochat, L., Hede, V., Berle, D., Valdanstarcevic, et al. (October 29, 2020). Compulsive health-related internet and Cyberchondria. Retrieved from https://www.karger.com/ear [12] Maftei, A., Holman, A.C. (October 2020). Cyberchondria during the coronavirus pandemic: The effects of neuroticism and optimism. Retrieved from https://trends.google.com [13] Schenkel, S.K., Jungmann, S.M., Gropalis, M., Witthoft, M., et al. (November 2021). Conceptualization of Cyberchondria and relations to the anxiety spectrum: Systemic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(11), e27835. Retrieved from https://www.jmir.org/2021/11/e27835