Marcellus Buchheit (Wibu-Systems) and Terrence Barr (Electric Imp) talk about how to secure IIoT endpoints, why they are so vital to secure, and how the Industrial Internet Security Framework (IISF) can help. This talk was given during a webinar as part of the #IICSeries, a continuous series of webinars on the industrial internet hosted by the Industrial Internet Consortium.

1. IIoT Endpoint Security –
The Model in Practice
February 22, 2017
Industrial Internet Security Framework
#IICSeries

2. Guest Speakers
2
MARCELLUS BUCHHEIT
President and CEO, Wibu-Systems USA
Editor, Industrial Internet Consortium Security Framework
@WibuSystems
TERRENCE BARR
Head of Solutions Engineering, Electric Imp, Inc.
@electricimp

3. Motivation
Unprotected devices in internet are dangerous!
They can be used to:
• Intrude into local networks: stealing or deleting private data
• Block or alter websites or internet communication
• Upload viruses and start Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks
Additional for IIoT:
• Shut down public or private services (electricity, water, sewer etc.)
• Prevent commercial usage (production, hospitals, hotels, PoS etc.),
• Damage or destroy industrial installations or produced parts
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4. Motivation
Unprotected devices problematic for component manufacturer
• Example: FTC charges D-Link for unsecure routers and IP cameras
• https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2017/01/ftc-charges-d-link-put-consumers-privacy-risk-
due-inadequate
Unprotected devices problematic for users/operators
• Example: Point-of-Sale (POS) attack at Target end of 2013
• 40 million credit cards and 70 million addresses stolen
• Target paid $50M+ for settlements
• http://krebsonsecurity.com/2014/02/target-hackers-broke-in-via-hvac-company/
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5. A few words about Wibu-Systems
• Wibu-Systems was founded in 1989 in Germany
• Global company targeting secure software licensing
• Offer security and licensing solutions for IIoT systems and devices
• More about the company: www.wibu.com
• More about the key product: http://www.wibu.com/codemeter
• More about IIoT security: http://www.wibu.com/embedded-software-
security
• And since 2015 member of the Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC)
5

6. About the IIC
Industrial Internet Consortium
Security Webinar
February 22, 2017
Kathy Walsh, walsh@iiconsortium.org
Director of Marketing

7. The Industrial Internet is Leading the Next Economic Revolution
7GDP data extracted from the Futurist 2007

8. Bring Together the Players to Accelerate Adoption
8
Connectivity
Standards
Technology
Research Academia
Systems
Integration
Security
Government
Big Data Industries
The Industrial Internet:
A $32 trillion opportunity

9. The IIC: Things are Coming Together
9
Things are coming together.
Academia
Standards
Research Systems Integration
Government
IndustriesConnectivity
Technology
Big Data
Security

10. The Industrial Internet Consortium is a global, member supported
organization that promotes the accelerated growth of the Industrial
Internet of Things by coordinating ecosystem initiatives to securely
connect, control and integrate assets and systems of assets with people,
processes and data using common architectures, interoperability and
open standards to deliver transformational business and societal
outcomes across industries and public infrastructure.
Launched in March 2014 by five founding members:
AT&T, Cisco, General Electric, IBM & Intel.
The IIC is an open, neutral “sandbox” where industry, academia and
government meet to collaborate, innovate and enable.
Industrial Internet Consortium Mission
Over 250 Member Organizations
Spanning 30 Countries

11. Securing IIoT Endpoints --
The Model
Industrial Internet Consortium
Security Webinar
February 22, 2017
Marcellus Buchheit, mabu@wibu.com
Wibu-Systems USA Inc.

12. Overview
What is an endpoint?
Why endpoint security?
Security functions of an endpoint
Implementing endpoint security
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13. What is an Endpoint?
13
The IIoT Landscape: Where are Endpoints?
E
P
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PE
P
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P
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14. What is an Endpoint (II)?
IISF and IIC defines endpoints similar as ISO/IEC 24791-1:2010 standard
does:
• An endpoint is one of two components that either implements and
exposes an interface to other components or uses the interface of another
component.
14
IIC simplified this definition (see IIC Vocabulary, version 2.0):
• An endpoint is a component that has an interface for network
communication.… but added a note for clarification:
• An endpoint can be of various types including device endpoint or an
endpoint that provides cloud connectivity.
Endpoint 1 Endpoint 2
Communication

15. What is an Endpoint (III)?
15
The IIoT Landscape: Endpoints are
everywhere!
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PE
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16. What is an Endpoint (IV)?
Summary:
• Endpoints are everywhere in an IIoT System (including edge and cloud)
• One single (security) model for all locations
• A single computer, even a device, can have several endpoints
• Example Router: One LAN endpoint, one WAN endpoint
• Frequently shared code/data between multiple endpoints
• Endpoint and its communication is another model
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17. Why endpoint security?
Endpoints are the only location in an IIoT system where:
• Execution code is stored, started and updated
• Data is stored, modified or applied (“Data at Rest” / “Data in Use“)
• Communication to another endpoint is initiated and protected
• Network security is analyzed, configured, monitored and managed
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Result: An attack to an IIoT system typically starts in attacking one or more
endpoints:
• Try to access the execution code and analyze to find weak security
implementation
• Attack weak communication protection via network
• Modify or replace (“hijack”) the execution code in a malicious way

18. IISF Endpoint Protection Model
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19. Threats and Vulnerabilities to an IIoT Endpoint
19
1. Hardware components
2/3. Boot process
4. Operating System
5. Hypervisor/Sep. Kernel
6. Non-OS Applications
7. Applications and their API
8. Runtime Environment
9. Containers
10. Deployment
11. Data at Rest, Data in Use
12. Monitoring/Analysis
13. Configuration/Management
14. Security Model/Policy
15. Development Environment

20. Endpoint security: Solutions
• Start with a clean design of the security model and policies
• Define endpoint identity, authorization, authentication
• How other endpoints see me? What can they do with me?
• Define proper data protection model
• Integrity and confidentiality, especially of shared data-in-rest but also data-in-
use
• Define secure hardware, BIOS, roots of trust
• Includes lifetime of hardware, BIOS update, consistent root of trust
• Select secure OS, hypervisor, programming language
• Consider lifetime of (open source?), dynamic of programming language
• Consider isolation principles (4 different models explained in IISF)
• Plan remote code update and provide code integrity
• Security has an unspecific expiration date: needs update
• Code integrity prevents malicious remote code-hijacking
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21. Endpoint security: Solutions (II)
• Plan “beyond the basics” security instantly
• Plan security configuration and management
• For example: defining, replacing and updating of keys and certificates
• User-friendly setting of access rights and authorization
• Plan endpoint monitoring and analysis
• For example: log all security configuration changes
• Log all unexpected remote activity
• Provide user-friendly analysis, alerts etc.
• Implement “state of the art”:
• Have a team of experienced security implementers
• Use latest versions of development tools, OS, hypervisors, libraries
• Test a lot, including malicious attacks
• Prepare and test your first remote update
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22. Endpoint Security in Practice
Example which implements this endpoint security model in practice:
Terrence Barr, Electric Imp
22

23. Securing IIoT Endpoints --
In Practice
Industrial Internet Consortium
Security Webinar
February 22, 2017
Terrence Barr, terrence@electricimp.com
Head of Solutions Engineering

24. Endpoint Security
Electric Imp Introduction

25. Electric Imp
Industrial-strength IoT starts here
Secure IoT Connectivity Platform
Authorized Hardware
for connected devices
impOS™ and hardware
impCloud™
imp Enterprise API’s
BlinkUp™ & impFactory™
impSecure™
Proven IoT Deployments at Scale
• 2016: surpassed 1 Million WiFi/Ethernet devices
• 18B+ data messages per month
• 100+ customers; 105+ countries
Full Lifecycle, Trusted Security
• Passed security review
and pen-testing:
• In process: UL 2900-2-2: Cybersecurity Certification for
Industrial Controls plus first Affiliate program
• Aligned with IIC Security Framework
Fastest Prototype-to-Production
• 5 months for GE connected air conditioner

26. Endpoint Security
Implementation Approach

27. Endpoint Security: Part of Integrated and Managed Security
Silicon-to-Cloud Security – Defense in Depth & Defense in Time
7. Full Lifecycle
Managed Services
1. Edge Device Security
incl. Secure Silicon &
Managed Software
4. Secure Communication
via Managed Tunnel
3. Trusted
Manufacture &
Commissioning
6. Secure Cloud and Application
Integration
2. Data Privacy, Integrity &
Confidentiality
5. Protected Public &
Private Cloud

28. IISF Endpoint Protection
Techniques
Electric Imp Implementation
Protecting Endpoints: General Endpoint protection from the silicon upwards, every level tightly
integrated and tested for full coverage of security objective and no weak
links
Architectural Considerations for
Protecting Endpoints
Designed from the ground up for resource-constrained IoT devices and
real-world use cases and proven in large-scale customer deployments
Endpoint Physical Security Disabled hardware interfaces, tampering destroys individual module
Establish Roots of Trust Unique per-device keys, secure provisioning via cloud device
management
Endpoint Identity One-Time-Programming at module manufacturing time
Endpoint Access Control Mutual authentication with RSA certificates and ECC challenge-
response
Endpoint Integrity Protection HSM protected keys, secure boot, non-execution barriers with cloud
alerts
Endpoint Data Protection All processing on-die, all off-die storage with device-unique encryption.
TLS 1.2, AES-128, EDH forward secrecy.
Endpoint Monitoring and Analysis Extensive monitoring of security-sensitive operations
Endpoint Configuration and
Management
Endpoints managed, configured, and provisioned from the impCloud, all
updates signed, encrypted, and logged © Property of Electric Imp, Inc.
CONFIDENTIAL – NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION

29. Endpoint Security
Real-World Case Study

30. • Replace analogue lines
• Customer delight exceeds
expectations
• Recognized as Business
Transformation success story
1.5M
Customers
worldwide
Security
for regulated
markets
Reduce
service calls by
20%
© Property of Electric Imp, Inc.
CONFIDENTIAL – NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION
ROI –
Payback in 45 days on
connectivity costs
alone

31. impSecureTM: Integrated Silicon-to-Cloud Security and Connectivity managed by Electric Imp
‘Drop-In’ Postage Meter Retrofit: Device-to-Cloud Security and Connectivity
imp Application
Module
impOSTM
Meter
Integration
Code
Virtual Machine
paired Virtual Machine
Cloud
Meter
Code
Cloud
Integration
Code
Operations &
Device Lifecycle Management
Cloud Services
Electric Imp
Managed Cloud
USB
Commerce Cloud
Device-paired
Virtual Machines
Scalable to
millions of
devices
No changes to meter
No changes to cloud
Audited and Tested
Meets Postal and Government
Security Requirements
WiFi
Ethernet
IP tunnel
&imp

32. Endpoint Security
Conclusion

33. Integrated Security Platform: Customer Benefits
Leverage Proven Solution
• Build on tested and trusted security at a platform level
Isolation of Security Concerns
• Minimize time-to-market and risk of security mistakes
Integrated, Silicon to Cloud Security
• No weak links, even devices exposed in the field for many years
Managed Security as a Service
• Offload headache of ongoing security monitoring and maintenance
Qualify once, reuse many times
• Enable rapid, low-risk multi-product IoT strategy

34. ®
Transforming the world
through the power
of secure connectivity

35. Thank you!
35
Things are coming together.
Community. Collaboration. Convergence.
www.iiconsortium.org
Additional Resources available as attachments
• Industrial Internet Security Framework
• Security Claims Evaluation Testbeds
• White Paper: Business Viewpoint of Securing the Industrial Internet
• Upcoming Webinars:
• March 30, 2017 Building Blocks for Securing the Smart Factory
• April, 2017 TBD