Twentieth-century novels was influenced by the changes in beliefs and political ideas

1. Different factors
affected twentieth
century novel
By: Dalal Rashid Al-Harfi
Section: 309

2. twentieth century
Factors which led to changes in 20th century
Twentieth-century novel was influenced by the changes
in beliefs and political ideas after the events of the First
World War, industrial development, and the
disappearance of the British Empire.

3. 1. First World War
The First World War or the Great War was a global war
centered in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted
until 11 November 1918.
WWI

4. “The early twentieth century, between about 1900
and the First World War saw the beginning of
radical new experiments in novels
Despite its diversity, Modern novels typically focus
on themes like the individual in society and the
temporality of human

5. Dominance of Science
The twentieth century was dominantly an age of science.
With the new source material provided by the Golden Age
writers, advances in special effects, and a public desire for
material that treated with the advances in the technology of
the time, all the elements were in place to create significant
works of science fiction novels . Men of science have become
the chief intellectuals, and a new generation of writers began
writing stories with less emphasis on the hard sciences and
more on the social sciences.
2.Dominance of Science

6. 3. Growth of democracy and industrialism
The increase of democracy and people rights led people to
question everything instead of taking things for granted. So,
they started discussing each issue which led to confrontations
in society.
The 20th century was the century of nationalism, mass
democracy, large-scale industrialism, and developments in
communication and information technology beyond the reach
of any 19th-century imagination so far as magnitude is
concerned.
Democracy

7. 4. Chaos and skepticism in religion
skepticism in religion
People have become suspicious about religious and
spiritual issues. There start a strong feeling of
resentment against Christianity as it had failed to serve
as a panacea to the ills of mankind.

8. Influential
Novelists

9. Rudyard Kipling
1
He was born and brought up in India. He
spent most of his adult life there when it was
under the rule of the British Empire. In his
best works, The Jungle Book and Kim he
has written with great confidence about
Indian wildlife, British army, Navy, power
and glory of the British Empire. At this time
the power and influence of British Empire
was at its height. Kipling wrote with the
hope that the beliefs and values of his
stories are accepted and shared completely
by his readers.

10. E. M. Forster
Forster wrote novels a short time
later than Kipling. He held the
different view of India and the British
Empire. The main theme of this novel
was human relationship. Howard’s
End explores the relation between
inward feeling and outward behavior.
There are two families The Wilcoxes
and the Schlegel, who believes in two
different aspects of life, material and
spiritual, respectively. Foster’s theme
is how to connect these two aspects of
life, the outer and the inner. Only this
connection will make human love of a
higher and greater kind.
2

11. E. M. Forster
A Passage to India is a Forster’s masterpiece in which he takes
the relations between the English and the Indians in the early
1920’s. Adela Quested, and English girl comes to India to marry
an English officer. She makes friendship with some Indians and
travels with them. Once she accuses an Indian of sexually
attacking her in the cave. The case begins in the court. This
incidence breaks the relationship between the English and the
Indians. Forster as a liberal humanist is on the side of Indian
independence. His main theme in this novel is the importance
of bringing together opposites in order to create unity.

12. The twentieth-century novels are influenced by the
changes in beliefs and political ideas after the events
of the First World War and the disappearance of the
British Empire. This change can be noticed if we look
at the works of the two writers who are not so far
from other in terms of time.
In conclusion: