potential condition of West Bengal for making protected cultivation in green house, lath house, glass house and cost benefit ratio of high cost and low cost structure for farmers of west bengal.

1. Potentiality of Protected CultivationPotentiality of Protected Cultivation
in West Bengalin West Bengal
Presented by:
Monora Khatun (Hort 10)Monora Khatun (Hort 10)
Subham Ghosh (Hort 24)Subham Ghosh (Hort 24)
F/Horticulture; BCKV
Mohanpur, Nadia, WB
Date: 8Date: 8thth
June 2015June 2015
Course Name:Course Name:
Rural Horticultural Work ExperienceRural Horticultural Work Experience

2. What is protected cultivation
It is a cropping technique wherein the micro
climate surrounding the plant body is
controlled partially or fully as per the
requirement of the plant species grown during
their growth period.
 The main purpose of protected cultivation is
to create a favorable environment for the
sustained growth of plant so as to realize its
maximum potential even in adverse climatic
conditions.

3. Benefits of protected cultivation
 High productivity per unit area.
 Off-season vegetables can be grown.
 Off-season healthy nursery can also be raised.
 Good quality produce.
 Reduce the disease &pest attack.
 It can be used to generate self employment for the educated
rural youth in the farm sector.
 Modern techniques of hydroponic (soil less culture), Aeroponic
are possible under greenhouse cultivation.

4. • Glass house
• Poly House
• Plastic low tunnel
• Shed house
• Net house
• Hot beds
• Cold frames
Types of Protected CultivationTypes of Protected Cultivation

5. Potentiality according to
Climatic Condition
Potentiality according to
Climatic Condition

6. Humid Sub-tropical
to
Tropical wet & dry
India Climatic Zone MapIndia Climatic Zone Map

7. • The climatic condition of WB is humid subtropical to
tropical wet and dry (except north region).
• So, suitable types of protected cultivations are Poly
house, Shed net, Net house and low cost poly tunnel for
seedling production.
• Except this, in this climatic zone high cost poly house is
suitable for the cultivation of different non-seasonal
crops.

8. Some Suitable Structures in WB
Poly housePoly house
Plastic Low
Tunnel
Plastic Low
Tunnel

9. Some Suitable Structures in WB
Shed NetShed Net
Net HouseNet House

10. Potentiality according to
Land Availability
Potentiality according to
Land Availability

11. Classification Area
(in thousand ha)
Percentage
(%)
Net area sown 4991 57.5 %
Fallows 574 6.6 %
Forests 1174 13.5 %
Area not available for
cultivation
1840 21.2 %
Other uncultivated and
excluding fallows
105 1.2 %
Total Reporting Area* 8684 100 %
* Excluding Kolkata Metropolitan District.
Sources :1) Directorate ofSources :1) Directorate of
Agriculture, Evaluation Wing,Agriculture, Evaluation Wing,
Govt. of West Bengal.Govt. of West Bengal.
2) Bureau of Applied Economics &2) Bureau of Applied Economics &
Statistics, Govt. of West Bengal.Statistics, Govt. of West Bengal.
Utilization of Land in West Bengal
(according 2011-12 census)
Utilization of Land in West Bengal
(according 2011-12 census)

12. Keeping the net sown area same we
can start protected cultivation in
fallow and uncultivated land
excluding fallow.
(679 thousand ha; 7.8% of total land of WB)

13. Potentiality according to
economic status of farmers in
West Bengal
Potentiality according to
economic status of farmers in
West Bengal

14. Category of
Farmers
Number of
Farmers
(approx)
Percentage
in the
category
Total Holding
Area (ha)
Marginal 5853000 82.16 % 2891000 (52.47%)
SmallSmall 980000980000 13.76 %13.76 % 1557000 (28.25%)1557000 (28.25%)
Semi-MediumSemi-Medium 267000267000 3.75 %3.75 % 731000 (13.26%)731000 (13.26%)
MediumMedium 2300023000 0.32 %0.32 % 110000 (1.99%)110000 (1.99%)
LargeLarge 10001000 0.01 %0.01 % 222000 (4.03%)222000 (4.03%)
Source:Source:
AGRICULTURE CENSUS 2010-11AGRICULTURE CENSUS 2010-11
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTUREMINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE
GOVERNMENT OF INDIAGOVERNMENT OF INDIA
20142014
 Marginal & Small Farmers constitute 95% of the 7 Million
farmers
 There are 7.3 Million Farm Workers

15. Cost Economics of High Cost Polyhouse
(25m x 4m)
Sl. No. Specifications Quantity required Cost Rs/m2
1. UV film for double layer 40 kg 100
Additional items for environmental control equipment over medium cost
2. CO2 generator + distributor 1 150
3. Evaporative cooling system - 200
4. Heating system - 100
5. Humidification system - 100
6. Lighting - 200
7. Night curtain/shading system - 150
8. Drip irrigation system - 20
9. Fertigation system - 100
10. Porous flooring - 100
11. Benches - 150
Structural cost - 300
12 Miscellaneous - 180
Average cost of High cost green house is Rs 2000/- per square meterAverage cost of High cost green house is Rs 2000/- per square meter

16. Cost Estimates of Medium Cost Polyhouse
(25m x 4m)
Sl. No. Specification Quantity Required Cost
1. Cost of Greenhouse 17,500/-
Additional items over low cost
2. Louvers (for fans) 2 1000/-
3. Electrical Fittings - 3000/-
4. Mist spray assembly - 2000/-
5. Inflation blower 1 1000/-
6. Two fans (60 Cm diameter) 2 10000/-
7. Mono block AC pump (3hp) 1 3500/-
8. Water tank 1000 liters - 4000/-
9. Thermostat/ Humidistat One each 2000/-
10. Cooling pad and fittings
( local made)
- 3000/-
11. Labour (extra) - 1500/-
12. Additional film for double layer 40 kg 3500/-
Total 50,000/-
Average cost of Medium cost green house is Rs 525/- per square meter

17. Cost of erecting Low Cost Poly House
(15 m x 4.5 m)
Materials required Length (cm) Quantity Cost (Rs.)
1.Bamboo
Central pole (9 cm diameter) 8 ft 15 no.s 500/-
Side pegs (6 cm diameter) 3 ft 26 no.s 550/-
Split bamboo strips 20 ft 30 no.s 800/-
2. Cladding material
UV stabilized polyethylene film (200
micron thickness, 7 m width)
18 m 25 kg 3000/-
3. Other materials
Tar coal- 5 kg; G.I. wire- 3 kg; nut
bolts; ordinary plastic film-5 kg
--- --- 300/-
4. Labour wages @ Rs. 150/- per
mandays
--- 8 mandays 1200/-
Total 6350/-
The cost of erecting 1 m2
area poly house is Rs.94/-

18. So, low cost poly house is beneficiary
for the West Bengal farmers.

19. Potential Crops in
West Bengal under
Protected Cultivation
Potential Crops in
West Bengal under
Protected Cultivation

20. Crops under Green House
• Capsicum
• Cherry tomato
• Tomato
• Cucumber
• Cabbage
• Strawberry
• Orchid
• Gerbera
• Rose
• Carnation
Crops under Shed Net House
• Ridge Gourd
• Bottle Gourd
• Cucumber
• Gerbera
• Anthurium
• Rose
• Capsicum
• Broccoli
• Okhra
Source:
Workshop on Implementation Strategy for MIDH 2014
National Horticulture Board

21. Cultivation costs of some
crops
Cultivation costs of some
crops

22. Off-season vegetable production under
low cost poly house (1000 m 2
)
The crops were raised for 4 to 5 months duration under poly houses.
However, with the same structure other crops can also be grown by
utilizing different types of cladding material like shade net etc.
Second year onwards profit: - Gherkin: Rs. 59,000/-, Cherry tomato: Rs. 50,000/-,
Bitter gourd: Rs. 40,000/- , Cucumber: Rs. 52,500/-
Source:
Division of Vegetable Science,
IARI, New Delhi, India

23. Off-season vegetable production Temporary
Protected low height poly house
Second year onwards profit: - French bean: Rs. 33,000/-, Summer
squash: Rs.
59,500/-, Amaranth: Rs. 25,000/-
Source:
Division of Vegetable Science,
IARI, New Delhi, India

24. Cultivation of Off-season Cucumber under Protected CultivationCultivation of Off-season Cucumber under Protected Cultivation

25. Establishment Cost of Gerbera (1 acre)
Per acre Yield and Return from Gerbera / year
Particulars Costs
(Rs in lakhs)
Land
development
3.13
Green house
structure
14.7
Store room/
grading hall/
packaging units
1.25
Sprayers 0.48
Irrigation and
misting systems
3.12
Planting material 7.02
Total 29.7
Description Cost
No. of plants in green house 26000
No. of flower/plant/yr 32
Total yield/year (No.) 832000
Sale price/flower (Rs) 3.5
Gross returns (Rs in lakhs) 29.12
Approx Cost of cultivationApprox Cost of cultivation
(Rs in lakhs)(Rs in lakhs)
11.12
Net returns (Rs in lakhs) 18
Fixed cost for establishment
Source:
Annadata Agril. Magazine

26. Cultivation of Gerbera under Protected CultivationCultivation of Gerbera under Protected Cultivation

27. Establishment cost of Rose (1 Acre)
Per acre Yield and Return from Rose / year
Particulars Costs
(Rs in lakhs)
Land
development
0.45
Green house
structure
19.27
Cold storage
structure
4.25
Grading and
packaging unit
2.42
Irrigation systems 2.24
Refrigerated van 8
Planting material 10.46
Total 47.09
Fixed cost for establishment
Description Exports Domestic
Sales
Total
Yield (Lakh
stems)
3.84 1.63 5.47
Price (Rs/spike) 8.7 2.65
Gross Return
(Rs lakhs)
33.408 4.32 37.73
Total costs
(Rs lakhs)
--- --- 24.74
Net returns
(Rs lakhs)
--- --- 12.99
Source:
Annadata Agril. Magazine

28. Cultivation of Rose under Protected CultivationCultivation of Rose under Protected Cultivation

29. • Size of structure [10m (L) x 5m (W) x 7’ (H)] = 50m2
• No. of seedlings 8000 (polybags) + 7000 (portrays) = 15,000
• Seedling @ Rs.2/- = Rs. 30,000/-
• Investment cost [polyhouse + (polybags, protrays)] = 15,500 + 5,000
= Rs. 20,500/-
• Net profit 1st year (30,000 – 20,500) = Rs.9500/-
• Net profit 2nd year (30,000 – 5000) = Rs.25000/-
• Net profit 3rd year (30,000 – 6000) = Rs.24, 000/-
Economics of raising Nursery
under Poly house
Economics of raising Nursery
under Poly house
Source:
Division of Vegetable Science,
IARI, New Delhi–12, India

30. Nursery of Cactus & different plants under shed houseNursery of Cactus & different plants under shed house

31. Present Scenario
• There is ample scope for protective cultivation of crops in all the
North Bengal districts.
• Eight blocks falling in the hill sub divisions namely Kalimpong
I, Kalimpong II, Gorubathan, Kurseong, Rangli Rangliot,
Sukhiapuri, Jorebunglow, Miric and Darjeeling Poolbazar are
identified as potential blocks for cultivation of high value cash crops
namely flower crop (Anthurium) and off season vegetables
(Cabbage, Cauliflower and Radish etc.)
• Cultivation of Gerbera & Anthurium under protected cultivation is
also being practiced by Bandhunagar Farm in Siliguri and in
North & South 24 Parganas and other districts along with
Anthurium.

32. Name of CropsName of Crops Total Area (in ha.)Total Area (in ha.)
GerberaGerbera
AnthuriumAnthurium
CarnationCarnation
150 ha150 ha
Area under Protected Cultivation of
Flower Crops in WB
Area under Protected Cultivation of
Flower Crops in WB

33. Type of ProtectedType of Protected
CultivationCultivation
Physical TargetPhysical Target
2005-062005-06 2006-072006-07 2007-082007-08
Hi-tech Green House
(No.s)
8 8 8
Normal Green House
(No.s)
8 8 8
Mulching (ha) 175 180 180
Shed Net (ha) 130 130 130
Plastic Tunnel (ha) 100 100 100 Source:
National Horticulture Mission
Action Plan for West Bengal
Initiation of Protected Cultivation by
National Horticulture Mission (NHM) for
West Bengal
Initiation of Protected Cultivation by
National Horticulture Mission (NHM) for
West Bengal

34. … and Area (in ha) covered under Green
House during 2005-06 to 2011-12 under
National Horticulture Mission (NHM)
High-tech
Green House
Naturally Ventilated
Green House
5.39 ha 16.27 ha
Source:
National Horticulture Mission
Action Plan for West Bengal

36. Erecting of Polyhouse
for Gerbera
cultivation in the open
field
At Krishnanagar, Nadia
At Ranaghat, NadiaAt Ranaghat, Nadia

37. Propagation of Litchi (var. Bombai) under shed
house
at
State Horticulture Research Development Station
Krishnanagar, Nadia
Propagation of Litchi (var. Bombai) under shed
house
at
State Horticulture Research Development Station
Krishnanagar, Nadia

38. Propagation of Orchid at
Horticulture Research Station, BCKV
Propagation of Orchid at
Horticulture Research Station, BCKV

39. Cultivation of Capsicum under Protected
Cultivation, by RHWE students at BCKV
Cultivation of Capsicum under Protected
Cultivation, by RHWE students at BCKV

40. Cultivation of Cherry Tomato under Protected
Cultivation, by RHWE students at BCKV
Cultivation of Cherry Tomato under Protected
Cultivation, by RHWE students at BCKV

41. Cultivation of Strawberry under Protected
Cultivation, by RHWE students at BCKV
Cultivation of Strawberry under Protected
Cultivation, by RHWE students at BCKV

42. GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES
• GOI is already giving more thrust to Horticulture
development through National Horticulture Board
Schemes/ infrastructure marketing schemes.
• 90% assistance will be provided for covered cultivation
out of which 50% assistance will be provided from
Government of India and 40% assistance from the State
fund
Source:
Directorate of Agriculture

43. Conclusion
• We can conclude that
West Bengal has high potentiality for Protected Cultivation according
to climate, land availability, and economic status of farmers.
Poly house, Low cost poly tunnel, shed house, net house are suitable
in WB for cultivation of different crops.
So, farmers should be motivated for protected cultivation for increasing
the socio-economic status.

44. Acknowledgement
 Protected Cultivation
- K.V.Peter
 Annadata monthly Agricultural Magazine
 Agriculture Census, Directorate of Agriculture
(Govt. of West Bengal)
 Bureau of Applied Economics & Statistics
(Govt. of West Bengal)
 Official website of Ministry of Agriculture
(Govt. of India)
 Official website of NHB & NHM