2. Dr. Sanjaykumar Jagannath Patil
http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 28 editor@iaeme.com
Cite this Article: Dr. Sanjaykumar Jagannath Patil. Land Utilization and Seed
Selection of Cotton Crop by Cotton Growing Farmers of Khandesh Region,
International Journal of Management, 6(10), 2015, pp. 27-34.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/issues.asp?JType=IJM&VType=6&IType=10
1. INTRODUCTION
Cotton is one of the principal crops of India and plays a vital role in the country’s
economic growth by providing substantial employment and making significant
contributions to export earnings. The cotton cultivation sector not only engages
around 6 million farmers, but also involved another about 40 to 50 million people
relating to cotton cultivation, cotton trade and its processing. India was the center of
the cotton industry for over 3000 years. This all began in the Indus Valley region. In
the Old World cotton was first cultivated in Mohenjo-Daro and Harapp. Indian
Cotton had a long Trade history as well as Economic importance as compared with
rest of the world.
The increments in disposable income have accelerated consumption demand as
well as export demand of cotton and to achieve this increased demand Indian
Government have initiated many schemes such as better production technology,
improved hybrid seeds, proper use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and proper
water management.
Sowing is very important and critical work of any farmers. It is the time and
decision combination to put inputs for his dreams of prosperity. For the cotton
growing farmer’s decision of proper seed selection was very critical issue due to
various risks and factors of climate are related with yield. Cotton growing farmers are
selecting cotton seeds with their knowledge and previous experience as well as with
consultation of other cotton growing farmers and agriculture experts. Mostly cotton
growing farmers are selected those cotton seeds which are suitable to their soil types
and available resources from their previous cotton cultivation experience.
2. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
In India, cotton crop is grown throughout the country. However, there are nine major
cotton producing states, viz. Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. These states
contribute about 90% to the National cotton production. Based on cotton cultivation,
India is divided into three major zones.
A. North zone (Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan),
B. Central zone (Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat)
C. South zone (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu).
A. North Zone
The cotton cultivation in this zone is almost totally in irrigated condition during
Kharip season on Indo-Gangetic alluvial and sandy soils. The climate during sowing
season is with high temperature and the growing period is of six month. The
productivity of this zone is higher than other cotton growing zones. The North Zone
contributes 15.81% of total cotton area and 16.90% of total production of the country.
3. Land Utilization and Seed Selection of Cotton Crop by Cotton Growing Farmers of Khandesh
Region
http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 29 editor@iaeme.com
B. Central Zone
The cotton cultivation of this zone is maximum rainfed with only 23% irrigated area.
The soil of zone is black soil which is subjected to runoff, erosion and nutrient losses.
The climatic condition of this zone is hot semi-arid. The Central Zone contributes
nearly 65% of total cotton area and 52% of total production of the country.
C. South Zone
The cotton cultivation in Southern Zone is under both irrigated and rainfed conditions.
The soil of this zone is black and red with poor fertility. In this zone cotton is grown
as single crop or in inter cropping pattern. Cotton rice rotation is most accepted
practice in this zone. The South Zone contributes 18.49% of total area and 31.17% of
total production of country.
3. MAHARASHTRA’S AREA UNDER COTTON CROP
Maharashtra accounts for about 34% of the area under cotton and about 20% of cotton
production in the country. The State has 41.25 lakh hectares of land under Cotton
cultivation in 2011-12. About 96% of the cotton area is rainfed. The crop is grown in
Kharif season and sowing is generally done with the onset of monsoon. The cotton
growing area of the Maharashtra is divided into four major regions and area under
cotton cultivation was as below-
Vidarbha region – Nearly 16 lakh ha.
(Yoetmal, Amravati, Akola, Buldana, Washim, Wardha and Nagpur),
Marathwada region - Nearly 10 lakh ha.
(Nanded, Hingoli, Parbhani, Aurangabad and Jalna)
Khandesh region - 5 lakh ha.
(Jalgoan, Dhule and Nandurbar)
Deccan Canal area - 25,000 ha.
(Ahmednagar & Satara)
4. COTTON SEED SELECTION
Cotton seed selection plays very important role in the yield of cotton crop production.
Generally seeds selection is based on basic knowledge and experience of cotton
growing farmers. For different soil conditions and environment specific varieties of
cotton are recommended by experts for maximum cotton crop production. In
Khandesh region three types of cotton seeds are used namely traditional seeds, Hybrid
seeds and Bt. Cotton. The selection of these types depends on various characteristics
and market condition of the seed market at the time of sowing season. Those
characteristics are higher yield, better quality, short duration, pest & dieses resistant,
easy availably and popular brand.
5. OBJECTIVES
To study the land utilization pattern for cotton crop production in Khandesh Region.
To study the Seed selection and preferences of cotton growing farmers for Cotton
seeds selection in Khandesh Region.
To study the impact of land utilization on cotton seed selection in Khandesh Region.
To study the impact of seed characteristics on cotton seed selection.
4. Dr. Sanjaykumar Jagannath Patil
http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 30 editor@iaeme.com
To find out the co-relations between land utilized and seed selected for cotton crop
production in Khandesh Region.
6. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
6.1. Research Design
It is a descriptive research study which is concerned with describing the various
characteristics of Cotton Growing Farmers such as education, occupation, total land,
land under cotton crop, production cost, total income, income from cotton crop. This
study was conducted in the Cotton Growing Farmers of Khandesh Region. The
universe is whole Khandesh Region i.e. Jalgaon, Dhule and Nandurbar Districts of
Maharashtra. (India). The 450 samples were selected in two stages as a Stratified
Proportionate Sampling technique and Non-probability convenience sampling
technique. Structured Questionnaire was used for collecting responses of Cotton
Growing Farmers. The Primary data was collected by Questionnaire and Schedule
methods. The Secondary data was collected from Text Books, Journals and Websites.
The data was analyzed with SPSS (20) software.
7. DATA ANALYSIS
The Land under Cotton Cultivation:
The Type of Cotton seeds selected for sowing:
32
143
71
106
60
38
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 – 2 Acre 2 – 5 Acre 5 – 7 Acre 7 – 10 Acre 10 – 20 Acre Above 20
Acre
No.offarmers
78
30
426
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Traditional Hybrid BT Cotton
No.ofFarmers
5. Land Utilization and Seed Selection of Cotton Crop by Cotton Growing Farmers of Khandesh
Region
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The cotton growing farmers were selected type of cotton seeds single or in
combination with other types, so the percentile frequency for Traditional, Hybrid and
BT-cotton was calculated separately.
Response Frequency Percentage
Traditional 78 17.3
Hybrid 30 6.7
BT Cotton 426 94.7
Reasons for Selecting Cotton seeds for sowing:
The cotton growing farmers selected cotton seeds for one or more reasons solely
or combine, so the frequencies were calculated separately for each reason.
HYPOTHESES TESTING
The four hypotheses were considered based on cotton seed type used by Cotton
Growing farmers of Khandesh region and role of the seed characteristics of cotton
seeds in Traditional type, Hybrid type and Bt. Cotton type seed selection.
H1: Cotton seed type has significance impact on land utilization for cotton crop
production.
H2: Cotton Seed characteristics plays important role in Traditional type seed selection
for cotton crop production.
H3: Cotton Seed characteristics plays important role in Hybrid type seed selection for
cotton crop production.
H4: Cotton Seed characteristics plays important role in Bt. Cotton type seed selection
for cotton crop production.
Hypotheses were tested by using Regression Analysis and ANOVA. The
confidence level is taken as 95% for the above hypotheses.
400
205
64
125
307
5
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Higher Yield Better
Quality
Easy
Availability
Short
Duration
Pest &
Disease
Resistant
Other Seeds
are Costly
No.ofFarmers
6. Dr. Sanjaykumar Jagannath Patil
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Model Summary
Hypothesis R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
F Sig.
H1 .587a
.345 .341 3.487 78.329 .000b
H2 .695a
.483 .476 .274 68.855 .000b
H3 .592a
.350 .342 .203 39.832 .000b
H4 .720a
.518 .512 .157 79.386 .000b
For the clear correlation for Variables considered R Square values should range
from 0 to 1. The R Squared vales for these hypotheses are 0.34, 0.48, 0.34 and 0.51
respectively. So we can clearly interpret that there exist correlation in Variables
considered.
H1: Cotton seed type has significance impact on land utilization for cotton crop
production.
The hypothesis is proved as the significance value is less than 0.05
H2: Cotton Seed characteristics plays important role in Traditional type seed selection
for cotton crop production.
The hypothesis is proved as the significance value is less than 0.05
H3: Cotton Seed characteristics plays important role in Hybrid type seed selection for
cotton crop production.
The hypothesis is proved as the significance value is less than 0.05
H4: Cotton Seed characteristics plays important role in Bt. Cotton type seed selection
for cotton crop production.
The hypothesis is proved as the significance value is less than 0.05
Further after proving and accepting all the four hypotheses, we will go for
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). ANOVAs are useful in comparing three, four or
more means.
ANOVA Test
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
H1
Regression
Residual
Total
2857.435 3 952.478 78.329 .000b
5423.323 446 12.160
8280.758 449
H2
Regression
Residual
Total
31.115 6 5.186 68.855 .000b
33.365 443 .075
64.480 449
H3
Regression
Residual
Total
9.812 6 1.635 39.832 .000b
18.188 443 .041
28.000 449
H4
Regression
Residual
Total
11.772 6 1.962 79.386 .000b
10.948 443 .025
22.720 449
In the first hypothesis on the basis of statistical analysis performed the results
shows that land utilization i.e. land under cotton crop cultivation has influence
(significance impact) on Cotton seed type selected for sowing. The result checked for
three types of Cotton seed type those are Traditional Type, Hybrid Type and Bt.
Cotton seed Type.
In second, third and fourth hypothesis on the basis of statistical analysis
performed the results shows that cotton seed type such as Traditional Type seed,
7. Land Utilization and Seed Selection of Cotton Crop by Cotton Growing Farmers of Khandesh
Region
http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 33 editor@iaeme.com
Hybrid Type seed and Bt. Cotton Type seed has been influenced by Cotton seed
characteristics such as Higher Yield, Better Quality, Easy Availability, Short
Duration, Pest & Dieses Resistant and Other seeds Costly.
Coefficients
Model Beta t Sig.
H1
Constant
Traditional seed
Hybrid seed
Bt. Cotton seed
.547
.356
.370
-3.328
14.015
7.494
7.836
.001
.000
.000
.000
H2
Constant
Higher yield
Better quality
Easy availability
Short duration
Pest & dieses resistant
Other seeds costly
.056
.051
.501
.415
.227
.059
-4.162
1.471
1.490
13.153
11.752
6.121
1.639
.000
.142
.137
.000
.000
.000
.102
H3
Constant
Higher yield
Better quality
Easy availability
Short duration
Pest & dieses resistant
Other seeds costly
-.093
.154
.364
-.083
-.166
.252
3.451
-2.172
3.994
8.538
-2.109
-3.996
6.219
.001
.030
.000
.000
.035
.000
.000
H4
Constant
Higher yield
Better quality
Easy availability
Short duration
Pest & dieses resistant
Other seeds costly
.426
-.043
-.315
.154
.106
-.200
23.123
11.496
-1.294
-8.580
4.512
2.964
-5.743
.000
.000
.196
.000
.000
.003
.000
In the first hypothesis on the basis of statistical analysis performed the results
shows that land utilization i.e. land under cotton crop cultivation has influence
(significance impact) on Cotton seed type selected for sowing. The result checked for
three types of Cotton seed type those are Traditional Type, Hybrid Type and Bt.
Cotton seed Type.
In second, third and fourth hypothesis on the basis of statistical analysis
performed the results shows that cotton seed type such as Traditional Type seed,
Hybrid Type seed and Bt. Cotton Type seed has been influenced by Cotton seed
characteristics such as Higher Yield, Better Quality, Easy Availability, Short
Duration, Pest & Dieses Resistant and Other seeds Costly.
8. CONCLUSION
From the above hypothesis it is proved that Cotton crop seed selection is related with
the land utilized for the Cotton crop plantation. The type of seed selected by Cotton
Growing farmers of Khandesh region is dependent on the area of land proposed under
Cotton cultivation. The Traditional seed, Hybrid seed and Bt. Cotton seed selection is
dependent on area of land under cotton plantation.
While selecting this Traditional, Hybrid and Bt. Cotton seeds for plantation, the
seed characteristics play important role in the selection of specific Cotton seeds. In
8. Dr. Sanjaykumar Jagannath Patil
http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 34 editor@iaeme.com
Traditional Type seed selection easy availability, short duration, pest & dieses
resistant are important characteristics, while in Hybrid seed selection higher yield,
better quality, easy availability, short duration; pest & dieses resistant and other seeds
costly are important characteristics. The Bt. Cotton seed selection is depend on higher
yield, easy availability, short duration; pest & dieses resistant and other seeds costly
characteristics of cotton seeds.
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