Ijciet 10 01_072

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 10, Issue 01, January 2019, pp. 787–798, Article ID: IJCIET_10_01_072
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=1
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
©IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed
INTELLIGENT MODEL BUILDING
PROTECTION SYSTEM ON FIRE HAZARDS
Satriani Said Akhmad
Doctoral Student of Civil Engineering Department, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
Muhammad Tola
Professor, Electrical Engineering Department, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
Wihardi Tjaronge
Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
Rudy Djamaluddin
Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
ABSTRACT
The fire protection system generally uses a sprinkler, the sprinkler head / head will
break and the water radiates in all directions to extinguish the fire but also damages
electronic equipment, this research can minimize damage by designing sprinklers that
direct water spray in certain areas detected by the sensor. Integrating fire protection
systems with electrical installation systems to prevent fires. Build a web-based
intelligent information system that is integrated between fire protection systems and
electrical installation systems. The research method has 4 stages, namely stage I,
preparation of all the tools and materials needed, making a controlled sprinkler
prototype directing the spray. Perform testing until this system works properly. Phase
II, the making of an electrical installation panel that has been connected to a
sprinkler, creates a system that is integrated through the web site between the fire
protection system and the building's electrical installation system. Stage III, testing
equipment until it is successful. Stage IV, making research reports into a dissertation,
publishing in national and international journals. From this research, a prototype
sprinkler system has succeeded in directing the jet of water directly to the hotspot. The
system simulation works at the maximum distance according to the effective sprinkler
beam which is 90 cm. The blackout time depends on the position of the fire in the
sprinkler range. The fire point located on the scanning path farthest from the starting
point requires a relatively longer blackout time than the hotspot near the starting
point of scanning. Intelligent sprinkler systems and electrical installation systems have
been integrated through the web service.

Intelligent Model Building Protection System on Fire Hazards
Key words: Fire Protection System, Arduino-Uno, and Sprinkler
Cite this Article: Satriani Said Akhmad, Muhammad Tola, Wihardi Tjaronge,
Rudy Djamaluddin, Intelligent Model Building Protection System on Fire Hazards,
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) 10(1), 2019, pp.
787–798.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=1
1. INTRODUCTION
Fire extinguisher protection system in this study uses a sprinkler that can be controlled so that
it can direct water spray only in certain areas detected by temperature sensors. Thus the other
parts of the room will not get wet because the sprinkler spray does not hit the area.
With the establishment of a fire extinguisher protection system in buildings that are
integrated with the electrical installation system, it is expected to contribute to the
environmental field. This contribution will be based in the fields of electricity and information
technology. When a fire generally occurs, electricity in the building will be extinguished, with
this research will be made intelligent electric installation panels that coordinate with each
other in the fire protection system. So if there is a sprinkler that works, the panel can decide
the electricity that flows only to that area. Thus electricity in other parts of the building or
room where the sprinkler does not work will not experience a power outage.
In this research, sprinklers are used which can direct the jet of water in certain areas
detected by the sensor so that it will minimize the damage caused by the water. This sprinkler
is then connected with an intelligent electrical installation panel integrated through the
internet.
Based on the description of the background of the problems stated above, then the
problem can be formulated related to the design of intelligent models of building protection
against fire hazards, as follows: How to build fire protection system equipment using a
sprinkler that can direct the water spray towards certain areas detected by the sensor
temperature, How to build an integrated system between fire extinguishing systems and
electrical installation systems to prevent fires, and How to build a web-based intelligent
information system that is integrated between fire protection systems and electrical
installation systems.
In accordance with the background and formulation of the problem above, the objectives
to be achieved from this research activity are to design and implement water-based fire
protection system equipment, especially sprinklers that can direct water spray in certain areas
detected by the sensor. Integrating fire protection systems with electrical installation systems
to prevent fires. Build a web-based intelligent information system that is integrated between
fire protection systems and electrical installation systems.
Some previous research that has been done on fire protection systems generally uses
sprinklers placed on the ceiling of the room, while working sprinklers will emit water in all
directions so that the whole room will be wet with spray water from the sprinkler. These
sprays can damage electronic equipment that cannot be exposed to water such as TVs,
laptops, cellphones, and others. [3] [4] [12]

Satriani Said Akhmad, Muhammad Tola, Wihardi Tjaronge, Rudy Djamaluddin
2. FOUNDATION OF THEORY
2.1. Fire Detectors
There are several types of fire detectors, each of which works in a different way and with
different objectives. All have thermals that can sense when a fire occurs and respond to
changes in temperature that rise continuously. The detector can be activated by heat, smoke,
flame, or burning particles. [4]
Fire Sprinkler Work
Principles ofThe working principle of a fire sprinkler is very complex because it has many
components to run a fire sprinkler system that cannot be separated from water tanks. This
water tank provides water supply during a fire. Thesystem fire sprinkler in Indonesia is
regulated in SNI 03-3989-2000 concerning procedures for planning and installing automatic
sprinkler systems for the prevention of fire hazards in buildings. [3] [14]
2.2. Fire Sensor / Flame detector
The thermal array sensor used is TPA 81. This type of sensor reads heat radiation. This sensor
detects infrared at 2µM - 22µM wavelength which is the wavelength emitted from heat
radiation. This sensor consists of 8 heat sensors arranged in one row. TPA 81 can measure
temperatures at 8 adjacent points simultaneously and a distance of 2 meters without being
affected by external light. [9]
This sensor has a horizontal range of 41 ° and a vertical range of 6 °. Data generated from
a thermal array sensor is 8 bit binary data from each pixel sensor which is measured
temperature data. Suppose that on one sensor detects a temperature of 48 ° C, then the data
generated on the sensor is 48 (30H). The thermal array sensor has 10 registers that can be
accessed using the I2C protocol. Temperature data from each pixel sensor is found in the
following registers. [6]
In this system, Thermal sensors are used to detect the presence of fire spots and then
activate a sprinkler that is directly directed at the fire spot, and detect the state of the fire
whether it has been extinguished or not.[7]
2.3. Servo Motor
Motor is a type of DC motor that has high quality, and has been equipped with a control
system in it. In its application, the servo motor uses closed-loop controls to handle position
changes precisely and accurately. Likewise in terms of setting speed and acceleration. This
motor is also equipped with a control circuit with a closed feedback system integrated in the
motorbike. In the servo motor the position of the axis rotation (axis) of the motor will be
informed back to the control circuit that is in the servo motor. [11]
2.4. Arduino UNO
The Arduino module is able to perform several functions including reading data, sending data,
turning on output devices such as lights, online applications and many others. [2]
Arduino Uno is an ATmega328 based microcontroller board (datasheet). Has 14 input
pins from digital output where 6 input pins can be used as PWM outputs and 6 analog input
pins, 16 MHz crystal oscillator, USB connection, power jack, ICSP header, and reset button.
To support the microcontroller so that it can be used, it is enough to simply connect the
Arduino Uno Board to the computer using a USB cable or electricity with the AC-to-DC
adapter or battery to run it. [7] [8]

2.5. Relay
Relay is an electronic component that works based on electromagnetic principles to move a
number of arranged contactors or an electronic switch that can be controlled from other
electronic circuits by utilizing electric power as its energy source. The contactor will be
closed (on) or open (off) because of the magnetic effect that the coil (inductor) produces when
it is electrified. Unlike the switch where the contactor movement (on or off) is done manually
without the need for electric current. [6]
As an electronic component, relays have an important role in a system of electronic
circuits and electrical circuits to drive a device that requires large currents without being
connected directly to a controlling device that has a small current. Thus the relay can function
as a security. In simple terms this electromechanical relay is defined as follows: A [6]
 device that uses electromagnetic forces to close (or open) the switch contacts.
 A switch that is driven (mechanically) by power / electrical energy.
3. METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1. The stages of research
This research is carried out in several stages, namely:
Phase I, namely; research preparation in the form of preparing all the tools and materials
needed. Next, conduct a review of the research that has been done for the fire protection
system where these activities include journal reviews, procedural seminars, and written
dissertations. Then after reviewing the literature, a prototype of a fire protection system will
be carried out using a controlled sprinkler to direct the spray only to certain areas detected by
the temperature sensor. Perform testing until this system works properly
Phase II, namely: this stage is the manufacture of intelligent electrical installation panels that
have been connected to all sprinkles in the specified building. Next is to create an integrated
system through the web site between the fire protection system and the electrical power
installation system in the building.
Stage III, namely; this stage is the testing phase of the equipment to see the simulation results
until the entire system that is integrated between the fire protection system and the electrical
power installation system can work well
Phase IV, which is making research activity reports, compiling a complete report from the
initial stage to the conclusion which will then be used in writing dissertations, as well as
making scientific papers to be published in national and international journals. After that, if
all conditions are met, then the next activity is to present in a scientific forum, both in the
form of seminars and final examinations.
Based on the stages of the research, the following flowchart was made:
3.2. Algorithm Design

START
Configure Arduino,
Pin I/O (servo/sprinkle,
relay), Communication I2C
(thermal)
Thermal sensor
Reading
Fire detected?
Contactor
OFF
Pump OFF,
Contactor ON
Locate fire point
Sprinkle
searching
position (on)
Fire detected ?
Pump ON,
Sprinkle
pointed
position (stop)
fire off ?
END
Database status
updated
Database status
updated
2
2
1
3
3
1
y
n
y
n
y
n
Pump OFF,
Sprinkle OFF,
Contactor ON
`
Figure 1 Research Flowchart
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Sprinkler Hardware Design
Some of the equipment components used in this study are designed with the arrangement as
shown below:
Figure 2. Hardware components the picture above shows a block diagram consisting of:
 Power Supply: Is a voltage source in the circuit. The voltage generated is 12 VDC for pump
power supply along with the pump driver and 5 VDC for sensor power supply, control circuit
and servo.
 Flame Detector : Consists of a Large AreaFlame Detector and Focus. Flame Detector Large
area functions to detect the presence of fire in the room and is used as a marker of fire
extinguished when blackouts are carried out. The position of the sensor is not bound to the
sprinkle mechanics and does not move and is placed at the point that reaches the entire room.
Flame Detector Focus works when searching for the presence of fire spots after the large area
sensor detects a fire. The sensor is placed on the mechanical sprinkler precisely next to the

nozzle which consists of two sensors. The sensor will move according to the direction of the
psrinkler movement.
 Arduino Uno: Used for servo motor control, pump activation, and reading of analog data from
sensors.
 Servo Motor: Consists of a servo 1 and a servo 2. It is the drive of an interconnected sprinkler
that allows rotating movements to resemble the movements of a satellite dish. This component
connects with mechanics printed with 3D printers. The direction of the servo movement is
shown in Figure 5 (a) and Figure 5 (b). Both servo are capable of moving up to 180O
(a) (b)
Figure 3. Direction of movement (a) servo 1, and (b) servo 2
 Relay Driver: Is a connecting circuit between the control circuit and the Pump. This circuit is
needed because the output power of the control system is not enough to drive the pump
directly. Components used in pump drivers are relays and transistors.
 DC Pump: Serves to drain water from the shelter. The pump used is a 12 VDC pump.
 Nozzle: Located at the end of the sprinkler, which serves to regulate the flow of water coming
out.
4.2. Control System Software Design
Making software on the control system based on the flow diagram in Figure 1. The software
used is the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) software which can be
downloaded for free on the official Arduino link.
Listing Program
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#include <Servo.h>
// initialize the library with the numbers of the interface pins
LiquidCrystal lcd(7,8, 9, 10, 11, 12);
#define pompa2 3
#define pompa1 2
#define lampu2 4
#define lampu1 5
#define sensor2 A0
#define sensor1 A1
#define sw1 A3
#define sw2 A4

#define sw3 A5
#define buzzer 13
#define Servo1 A4
#define Servo2 A5
Servo servo1;
Servo servo2;
void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
lcd.begin(16, 2);
pinMode(sw1,INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(pompa1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(pompa2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(lampu1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(lampu2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(buzzer,OUTPUT);
pinMode(sensor1,INPUT);
pinMode(sensor2,INPUT);
digitalWrite(pompa1,LOW);
digitalWrite(lampu1,LOW);
digitalWrite(lampu2,LOW);
digitalWrite(buzzer,LOW);
digitalWrite(lampu1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(lampu2,HIGH);
servo1.attach(Servo1);
servo2.attach(Servo2);
}
void beep(char x)
{
for(int
i=0;i<x;i++){digitalWrite(buzzer,HIGH);delay(500);digitalWrite(buzzer,LOW);delay(100);lc
d.clear();}
}
boolean statusAman1=true,statusAman2=true,statReset1=false,statReset2=false;
int c1=0,c2=0;
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
if(digitalRead(sensor1)==0){c1++;if(c1>=150){c1=150;statusAman1=false;delay(100);}}
else{c1=0;}
f(digitalRead(sensor2)==0){c2++;if(c2>=150){c2=150;statusAman2=false;delay(100);}}

else{c2=0;}
//delay(2000);
if (statusAman1==true)
{
//digitalWrite(lampu1,HIGH);
if(statReset1==false){
lcd.setCursor(0,0);lcd.print("Ruang 1 Aman ");
}else
{
lcd.setCursor(0,0);lcd.print("Ruang 1 Reset ");
}
}
else
{ digitalWrite(lampu1,LOW);
digitalWrite(pompa1,HIGH);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);lcd.print("Ruang 1 ada Api ");
beep(1);
if(digitalRead(sensor1)==1){statusAman1=true;statReset1=true;delay(1500);}
}
if (statusAman2==true)
{
//digitalWrite(lampu2,HIGH);
servo1.write(90+10);servo2.write(90+20);//depan=40, belakang=140
if(statReset2==false){
lcd.setCursor(0,1);lcd.print("Ruang 2 Aman ");
}else
{
lcd.setCursor(0,1);lcd.print("Ruang 2 Reset ");
}
digitalWrite(buzzer,LOW);
}
else
{ digitalWrite(lampu2,LOW);
//digitalWrite(pompa2,HIGH);
for(int i=0;i<10;i++){servo1.write(40+10);servo2.write(160+20);delay(5);}//kanan=20
kiri=160
digitalWrite(buzzer,HIGH);
for(int x=0;x<11;x++)

{
if(digitalRead(sensor2)==1){statusAman2=true;statReset2=true;delay(1500);break;}
for(int i=0;i<20;i++){servo1.write(40+10+(x*10));delay(1);}
for(int xx=0;xx<15;xx++)
{
for(int i=0;i<20;i++){servo2.write(160+20-(xx*10));delay(5);}
}
x++;
for(int i=0;i<20;i++){servo1.write(40+10+(x*10));delay(1);}
for(int xx=0;xx<15;xx++)
{
for(int i=0;i<20;i++){servo2.write(20+20+(xx*10));delay(5);}
}
/if(digitalRead(sensor2)==1){statusAman2=true;statReset2=true;delay(1500);break;}
}// delay(1000);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);lcd.print("Ruang 2 ada Api ");
}
}
The system first reads data from the large area fire sensor. When a fire is detected, servo 1
will move from an angle of 0O
to 180O
along with the reading of the focus fire sensor. The
movement is carried out continuously until a hot spot is detected which is called scanning or
scanning. The scanning sprinkler flow is shown in Figure 4. Scanning is done from the
starting point covering the angle of the sprinkler coverage area. The red arrow indicates the
movement of servo 1, the blue arrow indicates the movement of the servo 2. If a hot spot is
detected, then the servo 1 and servo 2 will stop moving then the system will activate the pump
driver so that the pump is active and the sprinkler emits water. The pump will be deactivated
when the large area sensor has not detected the presence of fire.
Sprinkler Ranges
Start/
End
Point
Figure 4. Sprinkler scanner flow the sprinkler
design results are shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5: Sprinkler Design Results The initial
testing carried out was testing the performance of the flame detector large area. Testing is
done by giving fire at several points with a certain distance and recording the analog voltage
output from the sensor. The Test Results are shown in Table 1.
Based on the data produced, the closer the fire spot the sensor output voltage will be
greater. Conversely, the farther the farther the distance, then the sensor output voltage is
smaller.
Table 1 Testing of Flame Detector
fire spot Distance Value of Analog Voltage
10cm
20 cm
20 cm
30 cm
40 cm
50 cm
60 cm
70 cm
80 cm
4.57V
4.29 V
3.66 V
3.43 V
2.29 V
2.12 V
1.62 V
1.34 V
0.88 V
Test the next stage that is testing sprinkle beam distance. In this test the nozzle is set so
that the focus beam is at a certain point. Based on the test, the sprinkle effective beam
distance of 90 cm was measured from the tip of the nozzle to the point of falling of the water
jet. The beam angle produced by the nozzle is around 15o.
The last test is testing the overall system performance. This test is carried out by giving a
number of fire spots in the sprinkler coverage area and then measuring the time needed for the
system to extinguish the fire. The figure below shows the fire spot scenario given and the
results are listed in Table 2
Table 2.Timing of achievement of the system performance test
fire spot Time Outages
1
2
3
4
67 s
22 s
84 s
8 s

Sprinkler Ranges
Flame 1
Flame 3
Flame 2
Flame 4
Figure 6. Scenario fire test system
From Table 2 can It is seen that the fastest blackout time is achieved in the fire spot
scenario 4 which is 8 seconds. This is because the fire spot 4 is right on the initial path of
scanning by the sprinkler. While the longest time outage occurs when the fire spot 3 scenario
is 84 seconds, this is because the fire spot 3 is on the furthest sprinkler scanning path.
5. CONCLUSIONS
1. Based on the results of the design of a system of flame detector large area controllers, the
presence of fire spots and sprinklers has managed to direct the jet of water directly to the fire
spot. The system simulation works at the maximum distance according to the effective beam
of the sprinkler which is 90 cm.
2. The blackout time depends on the position of the fire in the sprinkler range. The fire spot
located on the scanning path farthest from the starting point will require a relatively long
blackout compared to the fire spot near the starting point of scanning.
3. If there is an internet network or cellular network, the system will send a message to the
previously set cellphone number.
REFERENCES
[1] Satriani, et al; Proceedings: National Conference on Postgraduate Civil Engineering IX
2018 (KNPTS IX), Master and Doctoral Study Program in Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology.
[2] Arduino. [On line]. Available: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Introduction.
[3] RS Rizki, ID Sara, and M. Gapy, "Fire Detection System in a Programmable Logic
Controller (PLC) Building," KITEKTRO: Journal of Online Electrical Engineering, vol. 2,
no. 3, pp. 99–104, 2017.
[4] E. Setyaningsih, D. Prastiyanto, and Suryono, "The Use of Photodiode Sensors as Fire
Detection Systems at the Vertical Accreditation Landing (VTOL) Forum," Journal of
Electrical Engineering, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 53–59, 2017.
[5] Dinata, Marta, Yuwono. Arduino Is Easy. Surabaya: 2014
[6] Setiawan, Afrie. ATMEGA 8353 and ATMEGA 16 microcontrollers use BASCOM-
AVR. Yogyakarta: 2010

[7] Lingga, Wardana. 2006 Self-Learning AVR Series Atmega 8353 Microcontroller
simulation, hardware, and application. Andi Publisher. Yogyakarta.
[8] Dian Artanto, 2012, "Arduino and LabView Interaction". Jakarta: Publisher of PT Elex
Media Komputindo.
[9] Naskan. 2015. Basic Concepts of Microcontrollers. Journal. STMIK AMIKOM
Yogyakarta.
[10] A. Kadir, Practical Guide to Studying Microcontroller and Programming Applications
Using Arduino, Yokyakarta: Andi Publisher, 2013.
[11] A. Kadir, Mesin-Mesin Listrik, Penerbit Andi, 2013
[12] Adiwidjaja, Roy. (2012). "Study of the Reliability Level of Fire Protection Systems in
Apartment Buildings (Case Study of Apartments in Surabaya)".Journal of Architecture and
Built Environment. 39, (1), 15-22.
[13] National Standardization Agency (2000). SNI 03-1746-2000, Procedures for Planning
and Installation of Outbound Road Facilities for Rescue of Fire Hazards in Buildings, PU
Publishers, Jakarta.
[14] National Standardization Agency (2000). SNI 03-3989-2000, Procedures for Planning an
Automatic Sprinkler System for the Prevention of Fire Hazards in Buildings, PU
Publishers, Jakarta.

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