Day two of an introduction to Permaculture course held at the Earthwise Community centres in Subiaco, Western Australia.

1. An Introduction to Permaculture:
Day Two
Brooke ’Sparkles’ Murphy and Harry Wykman
17th and 18th of July, 2010
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2. Quiz
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
Introduction to
Systems
Bioregion and
Microclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors Quiz
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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3. Quiz
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
y Principle 7
y Principle 8
y Principle 9
Introduction to
Systems
Bioregion and
Microclimates
Permaculture Principles 7-12
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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4. Principle 7: Design from patterns to detail
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5. Principle 7: Design from patterns to detail
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6. Principle 7: Design from patterns to detail
q Top down, but derived from Principle 1.
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7. Principle 7: Design from patterns to detail
q Top down, but derived from Principle 1.
q However, "the map is not the territory"
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10. Principle 8: Integrate rather than segregate
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11. Principle 8: Integrate rather than segregate
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12. Principle 8: Integrate rather than segregate
q Simplification / segregation allowed by cheap energy - it is expensive
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13. Principle 8: Integrate rather than segregate
q Simplification / segregation allowed by cheap energy - it is expensive
q Integration is complex, knowledge and skill intensive - risks competi-
tion (balance with Principle 3.
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15. /home/harry/Documents/Business/Pe

16. Principle 9: Use small and slow solutions
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17. Principle 9: Use small and slow solutions
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18. Principle 9: Use small and slow solutions
q Inverse proportionality of the small farm - small farm yields can be 2 -
200 times more productive
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19. Principle 9: Use small and slow solutions
q Inverse proportionality of the small farm - small farm yields can be 2 -
200 times more productive
q Resiliance is built on a foundation of local and adaptive solutions
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22. Quiz
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
Introduction to
Systems
y Keyline
y Climate and
Permaculture
y Perth Climate
Bioregion and Introduction to Systems
Microclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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23. The Keyline Scale of Permanence
Quiz
The Keyline scale of the rel-
Permaculture
Principles 7-12 ative permanence of things
Introduction to agricultural:
Systems
y Keyline
y Climate and
1. Climate
Permaculture
y Perth Climate 2. Land shape
Bioregion and
Microclimates
3. Water supply
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors 4. Farm roads
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12 5. Trees
Polyculture and
Community 6. Permanent buildings
Social Permaculture
Review
7. Subdivision fences
References and
Resources 8. Soil
*
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24. Climate and Permaculture
Quiz
Central to Permaculture design is the assembly of plants,
Permaculture
Principles 7-12 animals and technologies in beneficial relationships. The
Introduction to palette of plant, animal and structural / technological
Systems
y Keyline
elements we draw from is primarily determined by climate.
y Climate and
Permaculture
y Perth Climate
Bioregion and
Microclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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25. Climate and Permaculture
Quiz
Central to Permaculture design is the assembly of plants,
Permaculture
Principles 7-12 animals and technologies in beneficial relationships. The
Introduction to palette of plant, animal and structural / technological
Systems
y Keyline
elements we draw from is primarily determined by climate.
y Climate and
Permaculture Plant and animal communities which are characteristic of
y Perth Climate
particular climatic zones are said to form a biome. These
Bioregion and
Microclimates systems become our principle models for ecological design.
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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26. Climate and Permaculture
Quiz
Central to Permaculture design is the assembly of plants,
Permaculture
Principles 7-12 animals and technologies in beneficial relationships. The
Introduction to palette of plant, animal and structural / technological
Systems
y Keyline
elements we draw from is primarily determined by climate.
y Climate and
Permaculture Plant and animal communities which are characteristic of
y Perth Climate
particular climatic zones are said to form a biome. These
Bioregion and
Microclimates systems become our principle models for ecological design.
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors Where landform and soil interact with broader climatic forces
Guilds to form distinct patters in a particular place, this place is
Principles 10 - 12 known as a bioregion. In permaculture, bioregional patterns
Polyculture and are captured by the process of sector planning.
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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27. Climate and Permaculture
Quiz
Central to Permaculture design is the assembly of plants,
Permaculture
Principles 7-12 animals and technologies in beneficial relationships. The
Introduction to palette of plant, animal and structural / technological
Systems
y Keyline
elements we draw from is primarily determined by climate.
y Climate and
Permaculture Plant and animal communities which are characteristic of
y Perth Climate
particular climatic zones are said to form a biome. These
Bioregion and
Microclimates systems become our principle models for ecological design.
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors Where landform and soil interact with broader climatic forces
Guilds to form distinct patters in a particular place, this place is
Principles 10 - 12 known as a bioregion. In permaculture, bioregional patterns
Polyculture and are captured by the process of sector planning.
Community
Social Permaculture
In Permaculture, the diversity of a system is increased
Review
(Principle 10.) and the climate-determined-palette is
References and
Resources expanded by the creation of microclimates.
*
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28. Perth Climate
Quiz
Permaculture
q Biome: Mediterranean
Principles 7-12 (Kwongan)
Introduction to
Systems
y Keyline
y Climate and
Permaculture
y Perth Climate
Bioregion and
Microclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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29. Perth Climate
Quiz
Permaculture
q Biome: Mediterranean
Principles 7-12 (Kwongan)
Introduction to
Systems
y Keyline
q Longterm Average
y Climate and Rainfall: 854 mm
Permaculture
y Perth Climate
Bioregion and
Microclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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30. Perth Climate
Quiz
Permaculture
q Biome: Mediterranean
Principles 7-12 (Kwongan)
Introduction to
Systems
y Keyline
q Longterm Average
y Climate and Rainfall: 854 mm
Permaculture
y Perth Climate
Bioregion and
q Mean Maximum Tem-
Microclimates perature: 24.4˚ C
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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31. Perth Climate
Quiz
Permaculture
q Biome: Mediterranean
Principles 7-12 (Kwongan)
Introduction to
Systems
y Keyline
q Longterm Average
y Climate and Rainfall: 854 mm
Permaculture
y Perth Climate
Bioregion and
q Mean Maximum Tem-
Microclimates perature: 24.4˚ C
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors q Mean Daily Sunshine:
Guilds 8.8 hours
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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32. Perth Climate
Quiz
Permaculture
q Biome: Mediterranean
Principles 7-12 (Kwongan)
Introduction to
Systems
y Keyline
q Longterm Average
y Climate and Rainfall: 854 mm
Permaculture
y Perth Climate
Bioregion and
q Mean Maximum Tem-
Microclimates perature: 24.4˚ C
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors q Mean Daily Sunshine:
Guilds 8.8 hours
Principles 10 - 12
q Mean Monthly
Polyculture and
Community Evapotranspiration:
Social Permaculture 2044 mm
Review
References and
Resources
*
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34. Mediterranean Climate Strategies
Quiz
Water (the limiting factor)
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
q Store in landscape
Introduction to
Systems
y Keyline q use greywater for productive gardens in the waterless
y Climate and
Permaculture months
y Perth Climate
Bioregion and q mulch and cover with vegetation to maintain
Microclimates
Design and Systems Nutrient
Zones and Sectors
Guilds q Store and cycle in biological systems
Principles 10 - 12
Temperature
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
q Moderate effects with passive and biological strategies
Review
(placement, thermal mass, vegetation)
References and
Resources
*
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35. Quiz
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
Introduction to
Systems
Bioregion and
Microclimates
y Bioregion
y Microclimate
y The Herb Spiral
Bioregion and Microclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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36. Bioregion
Quiz
Permaculture
Principles 7-12 "Each bioregion has a generalised sector
Introduction to
Systems
layout, which is modified by topography,
Bioregion and microclimate and land use for each particular
Microclimates
y Bioregion
site. Using the sector concept to understand
y Microclimate and take account of the wild energies that
y The Herb Spiral
influence a site allows us to make best use of
Design and Systems
those energies and diffuse or deflect their
Zones and Sectors
occasional destructive nature." [Holmgren,
Guilds
2002, p. 143]
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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37. Sun Stretch

39. Microclimate
Quiz
What is it?
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
Introduction to
Systems
Bioregion and
Microclimates
y Bioregion
y Microclimate
y The Herb Spiral
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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40. Microclimate
Quiz
What is it?
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
Site specific climatic effects due to topography,
Introduction to
Systems soil, vegetation and other site factors.
Bioregion and
Microclimates
y Bioregion
y Microclimate
y The Herb Spiral
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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41. Microclimate
Quiz
What is it?
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
Site specific climatic effects due to topography,
Introduction to
Systems soil, vegetation and other site factors.
Bioregion and
Microclimates
Why are they important?
y Bioregion
y Microclimate
y The Herb Spiral
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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42. Microclimate
Quiz
What is it?
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
Site specific climatic effects due to topography,
Introduction to
Systems soil, vegetation and other site factors.
Bioregion and
Microclimates
Why are they important?
y Bioregion
y Microclimate
y The Herb Spiral If we study the microclimates on our site, we will
Design and Systems be able to:
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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43. Microclimate
Quiz
What is it?
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
Site specific climatic effects due to topography,
Introduction to
Systems soil, vegetation and other site factors.
Bioregion and
Microclimates
Why are they important?
y Bioregion
y Microclimate
y The Herb Spiral If we study the microclimates on our site, we will
Design and Systems be able to:
Zones and Sectors
q place structures, plants, and animals in the
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
most favourable sites
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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44. Microclimate
Quiz
What is it?
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
Site specific climatic effects due to topography,
Introduction to
Systems soil, vegetation and other site factors.
Bioregion and
Microclimates
Why are they important?
y Bioregion
y Microclimate
y The Herb Spiral If we study the microclimates on our site, we will
Design and Systems be able to:
Zones and Sectors
q place structures, plants, and animals in the
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
most favourable sites
Polyculture and q focus beneficial energies and scatter hostile
Community
energies coming into the site
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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45. Microclimate
Quiz
What is it?
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
Site specific climatic effects due to topography,
Introduction to
Systems soil, vegetation and other site factors.
Bioregion and
Microclimates
Why are they important?
y Bioregion
y Microclimate
y The Herb Spiral If we study the microclimates on our site, we will
Design and Systems be able to:
Zones and Sectors
q place structures, plants, and animals in the
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
most favourable sites
Polyculture and q focus beneficial energies and scatter hostile
Community
energies coming into the site
Social Permaculture
Review q extend favourable microclimates.
References and
Resources
*
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46. Classic Permaculture Example: The Herb
Spiral
Quiz
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
Introduction to
Systems
Bioregion and
Microclimates
y Bioregion
y Microclimate
y The Herb Spiral
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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47. Classic Permaculture Example: The Herb
Spiral
Quiz
Microclimate
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
q Dry sunny: top North
Introduction to
Systems side
Bioregion and
Microclimates
y Bioregion
y Microclimate
y The Herb Spiral
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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48. Classic Permaculture Example: The Herb
Spiral
Quiz
Microclimate
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
q Dry sunny: top North
Introduction to
Systems side
Bioregion and
Microclimates
q Dry shaded: top South
y Bioregion
y Microclimate side
y The Herb Spiral
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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49. Classic Permaculture Example: The Herb
Spiral
Quiz
Microclimate
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
q Dry sunny: top North
Introduction to
Systems side
Bioregion and
Microclimates
q Dry shaded: top South
y Bioregion
y Microclimate side
y The Herb Spiral
Design and Systems q Moist sunny: bottom
Zones and Sectors North
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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50. Classic Permaculture Example: The Herb
Spiral
Quiz
Microclimate
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
q Dry sunny: top North
Introduction to
Systems side
Bioregion and
Microclimates
q Dry shaded: top South
y Bioregion
y Microclimate side
y The Herb Spiral
Design and Systems q Moist sunny: bottom
Zones and Sectors North
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
q Moist shaded: bottom
Polyculture and
South
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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51. Classic Permaculture Example: The Herb
Spiral
Quiz
Microclimate
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
q Dry sunny: top North
Introduction to
Systems side
Bioregion and
Microclimates
q Dry shaded: top South
y Bioregion
y Microclimate side
y The Herb Spiral
Design and Systems q Moist sunny: bottom
Zones and Sectors North
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
q Moist shaded: bottom
Polyculture and
South
Community
Social Permaculture q Wet: pond
Review
References and
Resources
*
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52. Classic Permaculture Example: The Herb
Spiral
Quiz
Microclimate
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
q Dry sunny: top North
Introduction to
Systems side
Bioregion and
Microclimates
q Dry shaded: top South
y Bioregion
y Microclimate side
y The Herb Spiral
Design and Systems q Moist sunny: bottom
Zones and Sectors North
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
q Moist shaded: bottom
Polyculture and
South
Community
Social Permaculture q Wet: pond
Review
References and
Resources
*
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53. Quiz
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
Introduction to
Systems
Bioregion and
Microclimates
Design and Systems
y Input Output
Design and Systems Thinking: Methods for
Analysis
Design
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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54. Input Output Analysis
Quiz
Permaculture
q What is an element?
Principles 7-12
Introduction to
Systems
Bioregion and
Microclimates
Design and Systems
y Input Output
Analysis
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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55. Input Output Analysis
Quiz
Permaculture
q What is an element?
Principles 7-12
Introduction to
Systems
Bioregion and
Microclimates q Classic Permaculture Example: The Chicken
Design and Systems
y Input Output
Analysis
Zones and Sectors
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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57. Quiz
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
Introduction to
Systems
Bioregion and
Microclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors Zones and Sectors
y Keyline
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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61. The Keyline Scale of Permanence
Quiz
The Keyline scale of the rel-
Permaculture
Principles 7-12 ative permanence of things
Introduction to agricultural:
Systems
Bioregion and
Microclimates
1. Climate
Design and Systems
2. Land shape
Zones and Sectors
y Keyline
3. Water supply
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12 4. Farm roads
Polyculture and
Community 5. Trees
Social Permaculture
Review 6. Permanent buildings
References and
Resources 7. Subdivision fences
*
8. Soil
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64. Quiz
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
Introduction to
Systems
Bioregion and
Microclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors A Very Brief Introduction to Guilds
Guilds
y Plants and
Ecosystems
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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65. Plants and Ecosystems: Guilds
Quiz
Traditional Centered Per- or buffer adverse
Permaculture
Principles 7-12 maculture Guild environmental ef-
Introduction to
Systems "Guilds are made fects." — M OLLI -
SON [1988, p. 60]
Bioregion and
Microclimates
up of a close asso-
Design and Systems
ciation of species
Zones and Sectors
clustered around
Guilds
a central element
y Plants and (plant of animal).
Ecosystems
Principles 10 - 12
This assembly
Polyculture and
acts in relation
Community to the element to
Social Permaculture assist in health,
Review aid our work in
References and
Resources management,
*
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66. Plants and Ecosystems: Guilds
Quiz
More recent P ERMACULTURE writing has seen this definition
Permaculture
Principles 7-12 expanded. Guilds are not seen as necessarily ‘centered’ but
Introduction to include any beneficial interspecies interaction which
Systems
demonstrates either or both mutual support and resource
Bioregion and
Microclimates sharing. J ACKE and TOENSMEIER [2005, 151] that
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors
"mutual support guilds build social structure."
Guilds
y Plants and
They continue, writing that these relationships
Ecosystems
Principles 10 - 12 ". . . can include such diverse interactions as
Polyculture and pollination support, inhibition of competitors,
Community
physical support or vines, microclimate
Social Permaculture
modification, providing habitat for critical animals or
Review
References and
any number of other functions."
Resources
*
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67. Quiz
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
Introduction to
Systems
Bioregion and
Microclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors Principles 10 - 12
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
y Principle 10
y Principle 11
y Principle 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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68. Principle 10: Use and value diversity
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69. Principle 10: Use and value diversity
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70. Principle 10: Use and value diversity
q Again, use and value — (bio-)diversity and yield
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71. Principle 10: Use and value diversity
q Again, use and value — (bio-)diversity and yield
q Resiliance through relationship and redundancy — diversity and se-
curity
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75. Principle 11: Use edges and value the
marginal
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76. Principle 11: Use edges and value the
marginal
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77. Principle 11: Use edges and value the
marginal
q The grass really is greener on the other side (Albrecht)
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78. Principle 11: Use edges and value the
marginal
q The grass really is greener on the other side (Albrecht)
q Social (minorities), spatial (limina) and temporal (eg. sunrise, sunset)
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83. Principle 12: Creatively use and respond to
change
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84. Principle 12: Creatively use and respond to
change
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85. Principle 12: Creatively use and respond to
change
q Use succession and other dynamic processes (eg. designed distur-
bance)
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86. Principle 12: Creatively use and respond to
change
q Use succession and other dynamic processes (eg. designed distur-
bance)
q Adapt to change from outside (eg. climate change)
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88. Quiz
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
Introduction to
Systems
Bioregion and
Microclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors Polyculture and Community
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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89. Quiz
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
Introduction to
Systems
Bioregion and
Microclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors Social Permaculture
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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90. Quiz
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
Introduction to
Systems
Bioregion and
Microclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors Review
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
*
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91. Quiz
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
Introduction to
Systems
Bioregion and
Microclimates
Design and Systems
Zones and Sectors References and Resources
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Polyculture and
Community
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
y References
*
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92. Community
References
Social Permaculture
Review
References and
Resources
Quiz
*
Permaculture
Principles 7-12
Introduction to
Systems
Bioregion and
Microclimates
References
Design and Systems
David Holmgren. Permaculture : principles & pathways beyond sustainability.
Zones and Sectors
Holmgren Design Services, Hepburn Vic., 2002. ISBN 9780646418445.
Guilds
Principles 10 - 12
Dave Jacke and Eric Toensmeier. Edible forest gardens: Ecological vision and
theory for temperate climate permaculture. vol. 1. Chelsea Green Pub. Co.,
Polyculture and White River Junction Vt., 2005. ISBN 9781931498807.
Community
Social Permaculture B Mollison. Permaculture : a designer’s manual. Tagari Publications, Tyalgum
Review
Australia, 1988. ISBN 9780908228010.
References and
Resources
y References
*
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93. Credits
This document, authored by Harry Wykman in collaboration with
Brooke ’Sparkles’ Murphy is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution 2.5 Australia License.
q 35 Woolgar Way
L OCKRIDGE, 6054
q (08) 9377 1258 or 0419662189
q harry@peacetreepermaculture.com.au
q www.peacetreepermaculture.com.au
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