PSTU, Environmental Agr

1. WELCOME TO OUR
PRESENTATION

3. Name of The Group: Lithosphere
NAME ID NO REG NO
ZAHID HOSSAIN AGRJJ001/2016 05550
SHOAIB HOSSAIN AGRJJ002/2016 03498
NUSRAT JAHAN NUPUR AGRJJ003/2016 03476
MD. AMINUL HAQ AGRJJ004/2016 03383
FAHMIDA JAHAN MITU AGRJJ005/2016 03393
MD. HUMAYUN AL
MAMUN
AGRJJ006/2016 03398

4. INTRODUCTION
Nitrogen is an essential, fundamental building
block for life. It is the most plentiful element in
the earth’s atmosphere, yet in its molecular form
(N2), it is unusable by the vast majority of living
organisms. It must be transformed, or fixed, into
other forms, collectively known as reactive
nitrogen, before it can be used by most plants and
animals. Without an adequate supply of nitrogen,
crops do not thrive and fail to reach their
maximum production potential.

5. In many ecosystems, nitrogen is the limiting element
for growth. However, when present in excess, reactive
nitrogen causes a range of negative environmental
effects, poses risks to human health and consequently
can have negative economic and social consequences.

6. Why is N Important?
Everything that lives needs nitrogen:
It is a vital component of all living cells, and without N, there
would be no life as we know it. It’s the most abundant (78%)
element in the Earth’s atmosphere. Nitrogen is a key component
of chlorophyll, the compound used by plants to convert sunlight
into sugars from water and carbon dioxide through the process
of photosynthesis. The sugars are then stored and used for plant
growth and development.

7. CONTINUED
Nitrogen is needed to feed people:
Currently, at least 50 percent of food produced
worldwide is possible only through the use of
commercial fertilizers containing N, phosphorus (P), and
potassium (K). Food grown with N fertilizers feeds 2
billion people.

8. Various Forms of Nitrogen Fertilizers
 Nitro-chalk - It is a mixture of ammonium nitrate +
lime
 Nitram - Straight ammonium nitrate
 Aqueous ammonia
 Anhydrous ammonia

9. CONTINUED
 Isobutylidene dirurea - Acts as quickly as ammonium
nitrate, but it is inferior than it ammonium nitrate
 Sulfur-coated urea - In which urea is converted to
ammonia by nitrification. The organic fertilizer are
more expensive than inorganic fertilizers.

10. A single nitrogen-containing molecule can
have a series of impacts on the environment
because reactive nitrogen can so easily move
among the different media of air, soil and
water.
In the air, it can contribute to higher levels of
ozone in the lower atmosphere, causing
respiratory ailments and damaging
vegetation.

11. CONTINUED
From the atmosphere, it generally falls to the
surface in atmospheric deposition, generating a
series of effects — corrosion of buildings, bridges
and other humanmade structures, acidification of
soils and water bodies, and inadvertent fertilization
of trees and grasslands, creating unnatural growth
rates, nutrient imbalances, and decreasing or
altering biodiversity.

12. CONTINUED
Reactive nitrogen also promotes eutrophication in
coastal ecosystems, which can negatively impact
fish stocks and biodiversity. Eventually, most
reactive nitrogen is denitrified back to molecular
nitrogen, but a portion is converted to nitrous
oxide which contributes to both the greenhouse
effect and to stratospheric ozone depletion.

13. CONTINUED
Leaching out of the soils, reactive nitrogen can
make groundwater and surface water unfit for
human consumption.
Coastal dead zones and fish kills due to severe
eutrophication or hypoxia resulting from nitrate
run-off and leaching into river systems
Biodiversity loss in terrestrial, freshwater and
coastal water systems due to eutrophication and
acidification

14. CONTINUED
 Groundwater pollution by nitrates.
 Freshwater pollution due to eutrophication and
acidification.
 Human health impacts resulting from the formation
of aerosols and ground-level (tropospheric) ozone, a
main component of smog, causing respiratory
diseases.

15. CONTINUED
 Reduced crop, forest and grassland productivity due
to nitrogen deposition and over-fertilization, as well
as ground-level ozone exposure
 Global climate change and the depletion of
stratospheric ozone, which protects life on Earth from
harmful (UV) rays

16. RECOMMENDATIONS
 Improved local, regional, and in some cases global
assessments are needed of the environmental,
economic and human health impacts of excesses and
deficiencies of reactive nitrogen. These assessments
should be comprehensive, integrating
environmental, health and economic analyses.
Improved monitoring of forms of nitrogen pollution
moving through air, water and soil, as well as
nitrogen in commercially traded commodities, is
also needed for many regions of the world.

17. CONTINUED
 Although better assessments and monitoring
programmes are needed, enough is known about
excesses and deficiencies of reactive nitrogen in
many regions to develop appropriate policy
instruments to address many of these problems. All
such policy instruments should have the flexibility
to evolve as better assessments and as results from
monitoring programmes become available.

18. CONTINUED
Efforts are needed to improve awareness, both
among the general public and among policy
makers, of the scope and pervasiveness of the
growing environmental, human health and
economic impacts of too much or too little
reactive nitrogen.

19. CONTINUED
 Deeper analysis, more investment in monitoring,
enhanced sharing of information, and more
collaboration at different levels of government and
between the public and private sectors are required
to develop effective responses to both excesses and
deficiencies of reactive nitrogen.

20. CONTINUED
Policy responses to excess reactive nitrogen must integrate the
causes and effects that span several common regulatory
domains. For example, policies intended to ameliorate the
problem for water quality might exacerbate the problem for air
quality. Likewise, upwind emissions may affect water quality far
downwind and downstream. Because reactive nitrogen is
actively traded in commodities and is readily mobile through
air, water and soil, policy integration is needed, both
geographically and across agencies that deal with air, water,
soil, agriculture and commerce.

21. CONCLUSION
The negative effects of nitrogen fertilizers on the climate are
undisputed. The production of nitrogen fertilizer uses a lot of
energy, while fertilizing fields with nitrogen releases nitrous
oxide – a gas that is 310 times more detrimental to the
climate than carbon dioxide. A number of the policy efforts
that have already been developed provide important
examples of successes and failures. Addressing the problems
that reactive nitrogen creates, whether present in excess or in
deficiency, requires integrated action at local, national and
regional levels.

22. CONTINUED
But because the effects of reactive nitrogen are not
limited to simply air or soil or water, a policy to remedy
one issue may inadvertently aggravate another. Thus, a
comprehensive and coherent understanding of the
issue, and of the status of related policy initiatives, is a
pre-requisite for any effective action, regardless of
scale.

23. THANKS
TO
ALL