The document defines and explains several key technical terms related to DNS (Domain Name System). It describes how domain names are translated to IP addresses through name servers to enable users to access websites. Name servers are an essential part of DNS that connect URLs to web servers' IP addresses. Anycast is a routing method that sends queries to the nearest node among options with the same IP address, keeping DNS secure. Authoritative name servers respond to queries for a particular zone and provide answers from locally configured authoritative zones.

1. DNS Related
Technical Terms

2. Table of Contents
2
 Name server
 Anycast
 Authoritative Name server
 BIND (Berkeley Internet Name
Domain)
 BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
 CNAME
 Delegation
 Forward Lookup
 Global Node
 GSLB
 TSIG

3.  Domain names are translated into IP addresses by name servers. This enables users to access websites
by typing their domain names rather than their IP addresses. Name servers are an essential part of the
DNS (Domain Name System) and aid in connecting URLs with web servers’ IP addresses.
 To digress, every website has an IP address. These websites are made accessible online through the
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3
Name server

4.  Anycast is a routing or addressing method. In it, the queries get routed to the nearest node among
several options. In the context of DNS, an anycast network responds to the DNS queries from the
closest node geographically, when all nodes have the same IP address. This aids in keeping the DNS
secure at any given node from the malicious activities or failures at other nodes. Anycast nodes are
configured as local nodes or global nodes.
4
Anycast

5. 5
1-800-123 -8156
Whoa!That’s a big number, aren’t
you proud?

6.  The authoritative name server is a server in the DNS. It responds to queries about names in a
particular zone. These name servers provide answers about such zones which are locally configured as
authoritative zones.
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Authoritative Name server

7.  BIND is the abbreviation for Berkeley Internet Name Domain. It is the most extensively used name
server software that can be found on the Internet. It originated as an open-source software for
implementing the Internet’s DNS protocols. This software has three components, which include a DNS
server, a DNS resolver library and software tools that are meant for testing.
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BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain)

8.  The BGP is the abbreviation for Border Gateway Protocol and refers to a protocol for system routing.
This highly scalable as well as robust protocol is used to route information on the Internet. It defines
routing policies by using route parameters. It maintains a routing environment that is stable. It lets
gateway hosts exchange routing information in a network of autonomous systems.
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BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)

9.  In delegation, a server is delegated to be a domain name’s authoritative name server. It can involve
delegating responsibility with regard to name resolution to a server that is owned by a DNS supplier.
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Delegation

10.  In forward lookup, a domain name is used to find an IP address.
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Forward Lookup

11.  Queries from anywhere on the Internet are answered by a global node in the DNS. It is accessible
from anywhere on the Internet.
11
Global Node

12.  GSLB stands for Global Server Load Balancing. GSLBs refer to geographically distributed servers. These
have authoritative name servers running at every site. Load balancing is meant to manage traffic across
the servers.
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GSLB

13.  TSIG is the abbreviation for Transaction Signature. It is used to send zone updates in a secure manner
between nodes/servers. The DNS uses it as a networking protocol. It ascertains that the information
from a certain server is indeed from that server.
13
TSIG

14. 14
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