2. Outline
** This seminar covers the following:
Definition, agent, and mode transmission of poliomyelitis
Incubation period and period of communicability of poliomyelitis
Clinical manifestation and complications of poliomyelitis
Therapeutic and nursing care management for poliomyelitis
Summary & Conclusion
References
3. Learning Objectives
**After mastering the content of this seminar, you should be able to :
Outline the definition, agent, source and transmission of poliomyelitis
State incubation period and period of communicability of poliomyelitis
Identify clinical manifestation and complications of poliomyelitis
Discuss therapeutic and nursing management
4. Poliomyelitis, or simply Poliovirus is a virus that
Polio, is a highly contagious destroys nervous system
infectious caused by causing partial or full paralysis
three types of poliovirus
wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1),
wild poliovirus type 2 (WPV2)
wild poliovirus type 3 (WPV3)
agent: Enteroviruses
Poliomyelitis
Definition
5.
6. Type 1
Most frequent cause of
paralysis, both epidemic and
endemic
Type 3
Second most frequently
associated with paralysis
Type 2
Least frequently associated
with paralysis
Poliomyelitis (Cont….)
Types of poliomyelitis
7. Poliomyelitis (Cont….)
Transmission
■The poliovirus spreads most often from fecal- oral contact, Sneezing
and coughing, usually this occurs from poor hand washing.
Incubation period : usually 7-14 days
Period of communicability
■ The risk of transmission of infection is greatest for the 7–10 days before and
following the onset of symptoms.
■ The virus persists in the throat for approximately 1 week
and 4-6 in weeks faeces
8. Poliomyelitis (Cont….)
Clinical manifestations
Abortive
Prodromal
(catarral)
Fever, anxiety sore throat, headache, anorexia,
vomiting, abdominal pain
Lasts a few hours to a few days
Non-paralytic Same manifestations as abortive but more severe
with pain and stiffness in neck, back and leg
Paralytic Initial course similar to non-paralytic type,
followed by recovery and then signs of central
nervous system paralysis
9. The most important
prevention is education
family about hygiene (hand
washing)
The best way to prevent polio
is by being vaccinated
* Type of polio vaccine:
1) Oral polio vaccine (OPV)
)given in 4dosese(
(
2 Inactivated poliovirus (IPV)
)given in 3 dosese(
Poliomyelitis (Cont….)
Prevention
10. (2 Months )
(3 months )
(4 months )
(9 months )
(1 year)
(Year and a half)
11. comparison of OPV and IPV
Oral polio vaccine (OPV) Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
Live, (weakened) virus Killed virus
Administered by 2 drops Administered by injection IM /ID
0.5ml
Inexpensive More expensive than OPV
13. There's no cure for children who become infected with polio
Supportive:
i. Complete bed rest during acute phase
ii. Mechanical or assisted ventilation in case of respiratory paralysis
iii. Physical therapy for muscles after acute stage
Poliomyelitis (Cont….)
Therapeutic management
14. Position child to maintain body alignment and prevent contractures or
skin breakdown
Use footboard or appropriate orthoses to prevent footdrop
Use pressure mattress for prolonged immobility
Encourage child to perform activities of daily living
Poliomyelitis (Cont….)
Nursing care management
15. Administer analgesics for maximum comfort during physical activity
Give high-protein diet and bowel management for prolonged
immobility
Observe for respiratory paralysis (difficulty talking, ineffective
cough, inability to hold breath, shallow and rapid respirations)
Poliomyelitis (Cont….)
Nursing care management (Cont….)
18. References
Hockenberry, M. J., Wilson, D., & Rodgers, C. C. (2017). Wong’s
Essentials of Pediatric Nursing (10th Edit)
Hockenberry, M. J., Wilson, D., & Rodgers, C. C. (2021). Wong's
Essentials of Pediatric Nursing-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
