English for presentation Unit 4

English for presentation
Unit four

As you can see from this graph …Unit 4
What are these visuals called? Match the numbers to the
descriptions.
starter
bar chart
table
technical drawing
flow chart
map
(line) graph
pie chart
organizational
chart

Which of these visuals would you use to describe:
Your company’s market share?
Pie chart
The steps to be followed from order placement to delivery of a
product?
Flow chart
descriptions.
starter

profit
Which of these visuals would you use to describe:
Your company’s new organizational structure?
Organizational chart / organigram
A comparison of the net profit of last year’s four quarters?
Bar chart
descriptions.
starter

My next slide shows …Unit 3
How do we open presentationsreview
I
W
S
E
Welcome the audience
Introduce yourself
Say what the topic is
Explain why the audience will be interested

What do you tell your audience in the introduction?review
Who you are
What the talk is about
Why your presentation is relevant to them
How the presentation is structured

How can we get the audience’s attention?review
Ask rhetoric question
Start with an interesting fact
Give them a problem to think about

What do you tell your audience in the introduction?review
How do you explain how your presentation is structured
I’ve divided my presentation into three main parts
In my presentation I’ll focus on three major issues
First , ……… second, …………………, third

How do you structure a presentation?review
Most formal - and many informal - presentations have three
main parts and follow this simple formula
Tell the audience what you are going to say !
Say it!
Tell them what you said!
= Introduction
= Main part
= Conclusion

How do you structure a presentation?review
There are several ways you can tell the audience what you
are going to say
Would like + infinitive
going to + infinitive
will + infinitive
will be + verb -ing

Today we are going to deal with:
1- Tools and media used for presentation
2- What expressions we should use to navigate the
presentation, to refer to previous or coming slides and give
more elaboration to the content
3- The most convenient way of formatting a slide

4- How we say numbers, especially long ones, and those
with fractions
5- How we replace exact numbers by approximate ones

7- How we emphasize important points.
8- How we express contrast and describe results
6- How we draw the audience’s attention.

profit
Presentation 1:
Listen to excerpts from three presentations and say what
visuals are used.1
Presentation 2:
Presentation 3:

profit
Presentation 1:
Listen to excerpts from three presentations and say what
visuals are used.1
Presentation 2:
Presentation 3:
pie chart
line (graph)
bar chart

profit
Now listen again and complete the sentences1
Presentation 1:
1- The next chart Shows the breakdown by age in
our company
2- You can see the biggest Indicates thesegment
of the employees in the age group 30 to 50Percentage

Talking about visuals1
profit
The first rule of preparing effective visuals is that they should
be clear and easy for the audience to follow
However, sometimes it is necessary to explain a more
complicated visual, and it is always necessary to point out the
most important information

profit
How to explain visuals
First let me quickly explain the graph
You can see that different colors have been used to indicate …
The key in the bottom left-hand corner shows you …

profit
How to highlight information
I’d like to start by drawing your attention to …
What I’d like to point out here is …
I think you will be surprised to see …
I’d like you to focus your attention on …
Let’s look more closely at …

Exercise: Which is the box (page 33)2
profit
1- in the center
2- in the bottom left-hand corner
3- across the top
4- down the left side of the slide
5- on the left
6- in the upper right-hand corner
7- across the bottom
8- on the right
b
a
d
e
f
c
h
g

Total Health Spending
nursing home care
prescription drugs
administration
doctors and clinical
services
other spending
hospital care
23 %
7%
10 %
7%
31%
22 %

This pie chart shows our total health spending for the last year
and how it is among the various health sector area.
Let’s begin with the biggest area which is
We can that 31 % of our total health spending
divided
see
in green.
went into hospital care last year. The second biggest area
of 23 % is “other spending” – that’s thewith a
shown
total

I think you will be to see that nearly the same
- that’s 22 % - was spent on doctors and clinicalamount
segment here. It includes dental services and home health care.
surprised
services. This was manly because of the increase in medical
technology costs. I’d now like to draw your
Prescription drugs which for 10 % of our total costs.
to the
account
attention

Two presenters are describing graphs. Listen and
complete the graphs.5
fall fluctuated picking up
reached rose slumped
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0

Two presenters are describing graphs. Listen and
complete the graphs.5
fall fluctuated picking up
200
400
800
1200
1400
0
600
1000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Complete the sentences from the two excerpts with
words from the boxes. Then listen again and check6
decline fall fluctuated picking up
1- As you can see here, passenger numbers
between 2.1 and 2.3 million in first four months
2- They even moderately in May
fluctuated
rose

decline fall picking up
reached slumped
3- In June you’ll notice a sharp
4- Passenger traffic
in passenger numbers.
to about 1.5 million - a
of almost 40 %
fall
slumped decline

picking up
reached
5- As a result, ticket sales started
6- By the end of September, passenger numbers had
in July
just over 2 million.
picking up
reached

increase rocketed rose
went downstood
1- the figure by about 50,000 in the following year.
2- in 2005, however, sales to 1 million …
rose
rocketed

increase
went downstood
3- 2006 even saw a further in sales to 1.5 million …
4- As expected, sales again in 2007 and
at just over a million at the end of the year
increase
went down
stood

7
Upward Downward Other
climb double
expand go up
grow
pick up
reach a high
rise
increase
recover
decline decrease
drop fall
go down
plunge
hit a low
fluctuate
remain stable
stabilize
stay the same
These verbs describe movement or trends. Put them
in the correct category: (page 36)

Talking about trends7
We use the past simple to talk about a movement or trend which
happened in the past and now finished
Signal words of the past simple are:
last year / month / quarter …etc, in (January) , from 2008 - 2011
during (the Global Financial Crisis)
Examples:
• In April, the rate of unemployment rose to 18 %.

Examples:
• Our exports almost doubled between May and June.

Examples:
• In 2003, china’s car production increased by 85 %

We use the present perfect to talk about a movement or trend
which started in the past but is not yet finished.
Signal words are:
since (October), for (five years), this (month, quarter, year …etc.)
expressions with “over” (over the past four months)
Examples:
• The number of German investors has declined since 2007

Signal words are:
Examples:
• The US economy has grown rapidly over the past six months

Signal words are:
Examples:
• High oil prices have affected OPEC countries positively for five years

Rise or Raise
Rise (without an abject)
Oil prices rose dramatically last year.
Oil prices have risen over the past three years.
To raise sth (with an abject)
The oil industry raised prices last year.
The European Central bank has raised interest rate.
present Past simple P. participle
rise rose risen
present Past simple P. participle
raise raised raised

8
Use the notes to make sentences in the past simple or
present perfect
1- telephone costs / rise / since January
2- sales / drop / at the beginning of the year
3- energy consumption / increase / over the past 30 years
Telephone costs have risen since January.
Sales dropped at the beginning of the year
energy consumption has increased over the past 30 years

8
Rewrite sentences 1 - 6 to express the opposite (page37)

9
Read the sentences and check whether “rise” or “raise”
have been used correctly. Correct the mistakes (page 37)

10
Choose the correct verb to fit the sentences (page 38)
1- productivity has hit a low - has gone down - fell in
November.
2- Output climbed up - has improved - recovered since 2003.
3- After the takeover in May, sales grew up - have decreased -
plunged

10
Choose the correct verb to fit the sentences (page 38)
4- This year our market share raised - has grown - dropped
down by 10 %.
5- Staff numbers have doubled - rose up - have raised this
year.
6- In 2004, sales have climbed - slumped - have risen

11
The following sentences describe a graph. Put them in
the correct order. Then listen and check.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
c
e
g
a
d
f
b

11
Match words from columns A and B to make word
collocations from the text.
A
drastic
improve
rise
temporary
B
significantly
setback
steadily
decline
drastic decline
improve significantly
rise steadily
temporary setback

11
Talking about trends
There was a sudden increase in prices.
In August, we notice a moderate fall.
This was followed by a gradual decline.
In the second quarter there was a significant recovery.
The last decade witnessed a sharp rise in oil prices.
Adjective + noun

11
Talking about trends
Sales increased slightly in summer.
Over the past two years, the number has dropped significantly.
Last month, the rate rose sharply
Our financial situation improved moderately last month
The EU exports to the US market declined drastically in June
Adjective + noun

12
Complete the sentences by the correct form of the
correct verb / adverb combinations in the box
The symbols indicate what kind of movement is described.
Page (39)

13
Rewrite the sentences using an adjective + noun
expression
Rewrite the sentences using an adjective + noun expression
and one of the sentence beginnings from the box Page (39)

14
Cause and effect
Sometimes it is necessary to interpret visuals. We can interpret either
by explaining the reason behind a fact (explaining the cause), or by
explaining consequences (effect) of something.
Examples:
The new financial policy has resulted in significant expenditure
reduction
significant expenditure reduction is caused by the new financial
policy

14
Do the exercise on page 40
lead to result in due to
Because and the reason is …
Express cause Express effect
due to
because
lead to
result in
andthe reason is …

14
Checklist for using visuals (charts & graphs )
Make sure the visual is as clear and easy to understand.
Start by telling your audience what the graph illustrates.
Highlight the key points
Say why these points are important (explain the cause/ effect)
Use different verbs to explain movement / development
Use the same key words and phrases in your bullet chart.

14
Checklist for using visuals (charts & graphs )
What advice would you give someone who has to describe
trends on graphs and charts?

English for presentation Unit 4

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