2. Definition
• Trash that people do not put in a trash bin is called Litter
which causing littering.
3. Litter
• Litter is also that large and hazardous items of rubbish
are sometimes dumbed in isolated location.
4. History
• Throughout human history, people have disposed of unwanted
materials onto streets , roadsides, in small local dumps.
• In the U.S, The Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965 was enacted. In
1976, the federal government amended the Solid Waste Disposal
Act creating the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
• RCRA gives authority to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)to
regulate proper waste disposal.
5. World’s most littered item..?
• Cigarette butts are the most littered item with 4.5 million
discarded annually
6. Causes Of Littering
• U.S roadways is now a result of accidental or unintentional litter
usually debris that falls of improperly secured trash.
• Government neglect it, inability of government to remove litter in
timely manner.
• According to the study of Dutch organization VROM , 80% of people
claim that “everybody leaves a piece of paper ,tin or something on
the street behind”.
• Diffusion of responsibility and forgetting occur between an individual
places litter in environment and when they vacate the territory.
7. Effects of Littering
• Effects on Human: Hazardous material contained within litter and
illegally dumped rubbish can reached into water sources,
contaminated soil and pollute the air.
• When tires are burned, they emitted hundreds of chemicals and
compounds that pollute the air causing respiratory illness.
• Effects on wildlife: Litter kill plants and causes animal to get sick or
die.
• Animals may get trapped or poisoned with litter in their habitat.
• Cigarette butts are found in stomach of fishes. Birds and whales
who have mistaken them for food.
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11. Solutions
• Litter bins: Public waste container street bins are provided by local
authorities to be used as a proper disposal.
• Picking up: volunteers, sometimes alone or coordinated through
organizations, pick up litter and dispose of it.
• Fines: some countries and local authorities have introduced
legislation to address the problem of littering.
i.e. In USA, littering is punished by more than $500 fine.
Most highway and parks are punishable with $1,000 fine.
In some areas, the penalties for highway littering can be up to $10,000.
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13. Anti-litter campaigns
• Clean up the World is a worldwide campaigns.
• In USA,
Keep America Beautiful(1953);let’s pick it up New York; Don’t
trash California; Take pride in Florida; Keep Lowa Beautiful.
• In Australia,
Clean up Australia day, Keep Australia Beautiful(1963).
• In U.K,
Keep Britain tidy.
