2. 2
Basic principles in learning
any language
No right or wrong in language
There is only natural or not natural
Communicative can be not natural
Language is part of culture.
Learn the culture of the people to master a
language.
People speaks in accordance t their
geographical and cultural situation.
3. 3
Golden Rules
English
• No verb, no sentence
• One sentence, one
verb
• Different time,
different verb
• Prefer active sentence
• Opposite of Bahasa
Indonesia for order of
noun phrases
Bahasa Indonesia
• No verb is okay
• Adjective in Bahasa
can be Verb in Eng
• Different time, the
same verb
• Prefer passive
sentence
• Opposite of English for
order of noun phrases
4. 4
Characteristic No 1
No Verb, No Sentence
My name _____ Herman.
I ______ from Bengkulu.
I _____________ English
lecturer.
I ____________ 27.
No Verb is okay
Nama saya Herman.
Saya dari Bengkulu.
Saya dosen bahasa
Inggris.
Umur saya 27 tahun.
6. 6
Characteristic No 1: Culture
Load
No Verb, No Sentence
•England
•Four seasons.
•More limited land
•Less fertile
•Producing
•To work is to glorify God.
•Conclusion: work, work,
work Work word (verb)
No Verb is okay
•Nusantara, Malay
•Two Seasons.
•More land
•Fertile
•Hunting and food
gathering
•Conclusion: no work is
okay no verb is ok.
7. 7
Characteristic No 2
One Sentence, One Verb
I was panic.
Are you agree?
Have you ever been written
a paper?
Is he doubt with me?
I was went to campus
yesterday.
Are you understand?
__________________
I panicked.
Do you agree?
Have you ever written a
paper?
Does he doubt with me?
I went to campus
yesterday.
Do you understand?
8. 8
Characteristic No 2: Culture
Load
One Sentence, One Verb
Specific
Special clothes for summer:
cotton
Special clothes for winter
Special activity in spring:
planting/agriculture
Special Activity in autumn:
harvest
Special occasion in
winter: family gathering
Special occasion in
Summer: holiday
Specification in Jobs.
Specification in
education:
Produces many experts.
9. 9
Characteristic No 3
Different time, different
Verb
I eat.
He eats.
He has eaten.
He is eating
He ate.
He is going to eat.
Different time, the
same verb
Saya makan.
Dia makan.
Dia sudah makan.
Dia sedang makan.
Tadi, dia makan.
Dia akan makan.
11. 11
Characteristic No 3: Culture
Load
Different time, different
Verb
3 month/season
Be on time/punctual
Time is money/the
sooner the better
To the point
Time is running out
History is everything
Different time, the same
verb
6 months/season
Rubber time/jam karet
Alon-alon waton
kelakon/Biar lambat asal
selamat
Lip service/basa-basi
Waktu berjalan cepat
Easy to forget history.
12. 12
Characteristic No 4:
Prefer Active
I cut my finger.
I twisted my leg.
I fell from my bike.
He called you.
I left my book.
Dad was angry to me.
Indonesia defeated
Japan.
Prefer Passive
Jariku terluka.
Kakiku keseleo.
Aku terjatuh dari sepeda.
Kamu dipanggil dia.
Bukuku ketinggalan.
Aku dimarahi ayah.
Jepang dikalahkan Indonesia.
13. 13
Characteristic No 4: Culture
Load
Prefer Active
Individualism
I (in capital)
Appreciate individual
achievement
Easy to give and take
compliment
Prefer Passive
Collectivism
Saya, aku (not capital)
Anda (is capital)
No show-off / ojo dumeh
Difficult to give and take
compliment
14. 14
When to use passive
To avoid conflict
My boss fired me. (active)
I got fired. (passive)
To reduce the subjectivity in academic work
I did some processes in this research and in my
opinion, I have done all of them carefully.
Some processes were done in this research and they
were done carefully.
No doer
I got wet/I am mistaken/It is stolen.
15. 15
Characteristic No 5
Opposite of Bahasa
Indonesia for order of
noun phrases
Hidup saya
Teman baik dia
Direktorat Jenderal
Pendidikan Tinggi
1234
Opposite of English
for order of noun
phrases
Life my my life
Friend best her her
best friend
Directorate General
Education High
4321
16. 16
The order of noun phrases
opinion condition size age color origin materi
al
Noun
interest
ing
beautiful big old brown Indonesi
an
woode
n
house
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
rumah kayu Indone
sia
(berw
arna )
Coklat
(beru
mur)
Tua
(yang)
Besar,
Indah, , dan
menari
k
17. 17
Characteristic No 5: Culture
Load
Opposite of Bahasa
Indonesia for order of
noun phrases
West : where the sun
sets
Last name: Mr. Obama
The most important is
the last.
e.g:
Opposite of English for
order of noun phrases
East: where the sun
rises
First name: Pak Herman
The most important is in
the first.
18. 18
Remember
Learning language is learning the culture.
Think in English people way when you want
to communicate in English.
Do not memorize formula but understand the
reason why a rule is used.
Live in the life of the language.
