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2. SPORT MARKETING
Sports marketing as a business function refers to the concept of
demand for sports products and services, the concept of satisfaction
and demand, the concept of sporting goods, the concept of exchange,
the concept of sports market and the concept of marketers. As a
business function, there is a systematic approach to the function of the
set goal, with the identification and anticipation of demand, definition
and satisfaction of demand for sports products and services. And as a
scientific discipline, it studies the procedures and activities that enable
the highest degree of efficiency of marketing application in the given
circumstances, using scientifically recognized and elaborated methods
and principles for the purpose of advancing and developing the activity
in question. Sport, given its social and economic role and its great
publicity, is extremely suitable for economic activities. Therefore, sports
enthusiasm has wide-ranging possibilities of application for animation,
in different ways, by the masses of people. The development of a range
of activities, which are in any way related to sport or sport, as well as to
improving the conditions and lifestyle of people, favored the active
participation of an increasing number of people in sports activities as
active or passive participants. Thus the market was created as the first
precondition for any kind of entrepreneurship. Growth in
entrepreneurship was also contributed by the growing demand for
sports and sporting goods. Sports programs are related to activities
such as the production and sale of sports equipment, clothing,
footwear and food items, tourism and various other service activities
consumed by the masses of people. And it provides a great opportunity
for earning. In the modern world, certain areas of sport are economic
activities that not only provide the opportunity to earn, but can also
generate large business ventures with high earnings. We come to see
that the profit is higher, it is a more profitable investment. Profitability
is therefore the driving force behind the motive of entrepreneurship in
sport, whose products and programs, as well as every other, are valued
by the market.
In 1980, B. J. Mullin recognized, for the first time, a series of features of
sports products that affect the marketing process. B. J. Mullin (1980)
argues that sport has advanced from a form of institution that is simply
administrative to the form of organization that requires leadership. By
making that distinction, B. J. Mullin emphasized that sport reached its
3. level of development where the task of a sports manager is
to actively seek ways to expand the fundamentals of the
organization's revenue. On the one hand, the manager is in
charge of retaining a status in a sports organization, and on
the other hand, the manager is responsible for evaluating
and evaluating trends to influence the survival of the
organization and its success.
Operational sports marketing deals with sport marketing
and consists of research, analysis, planning, implementation
and control. The environmental analysis collects the most
important data about the sport environment and analyzes
them to understand the sport market and the key success
factors better. Planning can then take place to set goals,
develop strategies to accomplish these goals, and consider
actions for successful implementation and control of
marketing efforts. Collecting data is achieved through a
review of sports marketing aimed at systematically
observing all key parts of the sport environment: macro -
environment, customers, competitors, markets and
organizations. In order to look at the company's position
with a balanced appraisal of relative strengths and
weaknesses and market opportunities and threats, a SWOT
analysis should be conducted for the purpose of organizing
the data. That is why a sports marketing manager should
have a clear idea of what factors would lead to successful
action. Sponsorship is considered the fastest growing form
of promotional marketing sphere in the world. Although
sponsorship is increasingly popular and increasingly used as
a form of marketing, there are still many companies that
are skeptical because they do not know what sponsorship
offers and what it is. Sponsorship is an invested marketing
effort whose main goal is to connect the organization to
the public. Marketing experts are convinced that by regular,
well-designed and organized sponsorship, they can increase
sales and enhance the community of events happening in it.
Of all forms of marketing, sponsorship is most popular in
the public. Some of the sponsoring goals are: increasing
sales; creating and increasing awareness of the company
and / or product / brand; building a company and / or
product image; bringing a targeted market. Personal
advertising has some similar characteristics as sponsorship
4. and is usually related to it for that reason, but it is not as
close to what the public thinks of it. For personal
advertising, the company pays to a person through financial
or material benefits so that in return, she will get it to use,
promote, or support her products. (Beech & Chadwick,
2007).
Sport will become a professional and commercial exercise,
gradually turning into a "show business". The training will
continue to be training, but much will depend on the
upgrading of sports equipment. There are four phenomena
that can be seen (Bernstein, 2015). Expectations that can be
expected from sports: 1. The psychological phenomenon of
sport - sports will become more attractive in mass form.
Certain phenomena that already exist in sports will further
boost the emotional connection of sports with supporters.
There is a great opportunity to expand the destruction of
the basic ethical principles of sport. 2. The social
phenomenon of sport - sports will become even more social
communities, which will be dealt with by all generations, at
all levels, from recreational, amateur and professional.
Everyone will have more and more participation in the sport
in any way. It will always be a great opportunity for young
people to find their way of life, either as athletes or as
workers. Sports will open the largest number of new jobs. 3.
The economic phenomenon of sport - the economic aspect
of sport continues to grow, which can seriously jeopardize
the main mission of sport, or generally its purpose of
existence and action. Profit could become the benchmark
for success measurement. Even basic sports laws and sports
laws could be disabled by business laws. 4. Political Sports
Phenomena - It is assumed that sport will be more and
more influenced by politics, whether through the political
image of an individual or a political group. The reason is
that different political groups will feed on his image. In this
paper, the football club Real Madrid is being handled,
because in today's world it represents what all other sports
organizations are trying to do. The first introduced
technology in the daily lives of its athletes and sports
organizations, and has recently signed a contract with
Microsoft, which has become their strategic technology
partner. Microsoft will change with Cloud technology the
5. way football plays in Real Madrid, trains, looks and enjoys
football that will be presented. The brand of Real Madrid is
one of the most respected and valued globally, and its own
licensing becomes the basis of the marketing strategy,
alongside all the other (distribution, products and licenses,
new technologies, sponsorship, image utilization,
advertising and international marketing) sports products of
this great Spanish club. In support of this, the astonishing
increase in marketing revenues that took place from 2001
to 2006 was achieved, so it was a marketing gain in 2001,
amounted to EUR 38.6 million, while only five years later it
amounted to EUR 116 million. Thanks to the extraordinary
efforts and work of the General Marketing Administration
and the targeted marketing strategy, such an increase in
revenue has occurred. The basis of the marketing strategy
is to use the sports market segmentation and the
identification of sports goods, services and resources
owned by Real Madrid. The Marketing Directive made it a
club of a kind of pioneer because they first started creating
trade routes as if they were distribution channels, which
reduced the image of the player and the club itself. In
addition, the club has developed sales channels (catalogs,
TV, internet). Other revenues include the sale of products
related to "Real Madrid" in club shops, communications
such as mobile telephony and the internet, and also
worldwide tours (Asia, USA, Oceania) also serve to conquer
new markets
References
Chadwick, S. & Beech, J. (2007) The Marketing of Sport, New
Jersey: Financial Times Management.
Mullen, B. J. (1980) Sport Management, Massachusetts:
University of Massachusetts.
Bernstein, G (2015) The Principles of Sport Marketing.
Urbana: Sagamore Publishing.