Jonathan Edwards Impact On Puritans

Jonathan Edwards Impact On Puritans
Religious writing had a substantial impact on Puritans during the Great Awakening. To give a
definition to these writings, they were called "sermons." The author who stood out the most and who
was treated almost as a guide by people was named Jonathan Edwards. He was surrounded by
religion the moment he was born, and used the knowledge he gained as he grew to inspire the mass
of people. His sermons gave people meaning in life and persuaded people to stray away from being
a sinner and to become one with their religion. He is known for the immense amount of fearful
thoughts and ideas he put into the minds of his followers. Jonathan Edwards' life began in a Puritan
household which contributed to his religious style of writing, and during his time ... Show more
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Edwards' work was so effective because of its use of conscious and subconscious, verbal, emotional,
and sensuous appeal (Cady). The emotional power throughout the sermon is created by the sheer
amount of rich and versatile imagery (Cady). This original imagery was a work of art that created a
truly poetic and artistic feeling (Cady). There are countless examples of imagery in Edwards'
sermon with the goal of persuading the audience to convert. To sum up, "Sinners in the Hands of an
Angry God," God has full control over and you are merely a little bug to him that can be dropped or
squashed at any second (Cady). The goal of "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" was to stir with
the readers emotions and to stimulate their soul, but to also reveal the purity within them (Cady).
This sermon left a permanent mark on people, which either had people questioning their own faith,
or giving them the will to convert immediately. Each and every word written in his sermon can be
traced back to his personality, which had a major impact on his writing. Edwards' polemicist
personality made it easy for him to criticize the reader with crushing logic (Cady). He would face
his fears and would not run away from his problems, and took what was thrown at him (Cady). This
shows that Edwards truly believed in the message behind his sermon, and he
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The First Great Awakening By George Whitefield
The First Great Awakening
As stated by one of the fathers of the First Great Awakening, George Whitefield "True conversion
means turning not only from sin but also from depending on self–made righteousness. Those who
trust in their own righteousness for conversion hide behind their own good works. This is the reason
that self–righteous people are so angry with gospel preachers, because the gospel does not spare
those who will not submit to the righteousness of Jesus Christ!" (AZQuotes.com). The First Great
Awakening was a movement away from the Roman Catholic Church which is part of the
reformation. It was initially led by George Whitefield, Johnathan Edwards, and Martin Luther who
started churches as early as the 1300s. The First Great ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His thoughts were that the Bible should be the only rule of faith because money and political power
were destroying the church. One great act Wycliffe did for the Christians in England was to translate
the Latin Bible into English. This act enabled the Christians to then be able to read the Bible. The
continuation of Wycliffe 's beliefs was upheld by John Huss, who was trained in the priesthood.
Huss became the dean and eventually the institution head of the University of Prague, in the capital
of Bohemia. The people of Bohemia did not agree with the Roman church; therefore, when Huss
preached most of the Bohemians agreed with his views. Due to pressure from the king of Naples and
Huss 's discontinued belief in indulgences, Huss was excommunicated, jailed, and eventually burned
at the stake. After the loss of Huss, the next major change in the timeline was the Renaissance. The
Renaissance, which is the revival of learning, was during the 1300s. The Renaissance 's move to
Europe is when the learning became more about the characteristics of religion. The focus on
learning helped leaders to look at the background of the church. The leaders learned that the
simplicity of faith in the past had been riddled with traditions that did

The Great Awakening : A Revitalization Of Religious Piety...
"The Great Awakening" A revitalization of religious piety that swept through American colonies
during the 1730–1770 was known as the Great Awakening. Christian life was of real importance to
the North American colonists. And yet, during the eighteenth century, the Great Awakening can be
described in several areas of religious revivals history. This was a schism that was made more acute
by the enormous Pietistic wave. While reviewing the Great Awakening, if understanding correctly, it
focuses was about the people that were in the church already. As, a result, this brought about a
change to their piety, self–awareness also rituals (Gonzalez 288–289). However, going back to prior
studies of church history, it was the spirit of Franklin's time, the Age of Reason (1648–1789) during
the Great Awakening that led to questions of dogma that seemed unimportant, hardly worth fretting
about. Nonetheless, what was immensely more important was behavior. Do our beliefs make us
more tolerant, more respectful of those who differ with us, more responsive to the true spirit of
Jesus? The attitudes of the Age of Reason are not a thing of the past. They live today, as well in the
values of the Western world. In reality, the spirit of the Age of Reason was nothing less than an
intellectual revolution; a whole new way of looking at God, the world and one's self. It was the birth
of secularism. Finally, the Age of Reason sprang from the soil of a new faith in law and order.

Second Great Awakening Essay
The Second Great Awakening The Second Great Awakening was an event that took place from the
late 1790's and continued on through the 1840's and had a major impact on the youth during that
time period. Here, I will discuss what exactly happened during the Second Great Awakening and
how to affected America during this time, but I will also discuss two figures that were important to
this movement, and what exactly they did that made them so important during this time. The Second
Great Awakening was a movement that centered around religious revivals, much like the Great
Awakening that happened before it in the 1740's and 1750's. But, unlike the first Great Awakening,
the second Great Awakening would have more youths join than the first Great Awakening, according
to Burg, "Conversion occurred with adolescents as young as 7 to 13, although most of the converts
were older than 13 and the majority were girls" (Burg, 1998). These youths, particularly students,
would eventually become inspired to do missionary work, this trend emerging around 1808. This
wish to do missionary work, and particularly missionary work overseas, would eventually lead to
the formation to a new regulatory board, according to Burg, "In response to their request, the
association appointed the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions to provide
support" (Burg, 1998). But the Second Great Awakening not only sparked religious movements, but
it sparked other movements that are well known today, such

The First Great Awakening By The Puritans
When the Puritans made their initial journey to America in 1630, they possessed high aspirations
and ideals in the hope that their future settlement at Massachusetts Bay would become a "city upon a
hill". The utopic settlement envisioned by the Puritans was supposed to serve as an example for the
rest of the world in proper living. However, an increasing number of onerous factors and hardships
fell upon the Puritan settlements, which would eventually lead to the diminishing of their once
prominent religious faith in the colonies. Internal adversity as well as external conflicts between the
Puritans and assemblies of opposing religious faiths was significant in contributing in their decline
of influence. The Puritans intolerance of other religions became increasingly problematic as an
expanding proportion of immigrants brought with them a number of different religious practices.
The Puritans continued to condemn and try to impose their single strict religious code upon non–
Puritans, but their attempts were ultimately unsuccessful as the Great Awakening and
Enlightenments movements in the 18th century reformed the religious and cultural philosophies in
America tremendously.
The first Great Awakening was the most important event in American religion up to that point, and
can be characterized by a time in which clergymen strategically preached emotionally charged
sermons to bring sinners to conversion. These techniques and rhetoric strategies were not exclusive
to one religion

Second Great Awakening Research Paper
Introduction
The First Great Awakening was a religious revival that was associated with Jonathan Edwards an
American evangelical preacher and Methodist evangelist George Whitfield. The revivals renewed
interest in the Christian faith. During the revivals, it was believed that people experienced
conversions, salvation, regeneration or spiritual rebirth. It was a time of restructuring and re–
evaluating political social and religions ideas. The movement sparked the American Revolution with
was fueled by the growing religious alienation between the Revivalist and the established religion of
England. According to Alister E. McGrath, "The dominant theme was the desire to break free from
the oppressive and exploitative influence of England". Gusto L. Gonzalez noted that, "The Great
Awakening was the first movement to unite the thirteen colonies, which would become the United
States". Moreover, the independence of the thirteen colonies and the wealth created by the industrial
revolution inspired new religious, political and social ideas. The Great Awakening of the 18th
century was the start of the Evangelical movement that paved the way for the Second Great ... Show
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Accordingly, the camp meeting at Cane Ridge, Kentucky played a major role in transforming
religion. Because thousands were saved during the revival, camp meeting became the most popular
way to share the gospel. As a result, Methodist and Baptist congregations became the largest
denomination in the new nation. Consequently, evangelist Charles Finney started revivals that
became popular because of the new measures he implemented. Finney's revivals required that all
non–religious activity stop for several days. He also implemented the anxious bench, prayer
meetings and public prayer for individuals by

Spiritual Awakening During The Great Awakening
Spiritual vs Political
When people think of the Great Awakening they think of an animated spiritual uprising in the 1700s.
Is the spiritual awakening of America the most significant part of the Great Awakening? The Great
Awakening was a spiritual awakening during the 1730s through the 1770s, reaching its height in the
1740s. Taking place in both England and the colonies, George Whitefield, Jonathan Edwards,
Theodore Frelinghuysen, and Gilbert Tennent were the distinguished preachers. Although these men
preached to thousands, the main way people heard about Christianity was through their friends.
Whitefield and his fellow preachers taught about a new concept: faith which was not solely based on
works. Before the Great Awakening, a spiritual ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They argue that the spiritual impact was momentous because church membership increased during
the Great Awakening. "Between 25,000 and 50,000 new Christians were added to the churches in
[New England] whose total population was then about 300,000." (Clouse 92) However, this idea is
invalid because church membership returned to its previous numbers after the Great Awakening. The
gain in church membership was not significant in the long term as "there were many false
conversions during the Great Awakening which diminished its [spiritual] influence." (Clouse 93)
Additionally, people argue that, as a result of newfound religious freedom, the government no longer
mandated personal beliefs. This is also untrue. Even today, the courts establish laws that govern
moral issues. Recent examples of this are the recent passage of a federal law that allows homosexual
marriage and the resulting incarceration of Kim Davis, a county clerk in Kentucky, who opposed the
law.
Neither of these arguments are sufficient to prove that spiritual is greater than

The Impact Of The First Great Awakening And The Enlightenment
During the 1700's two major events would take place, one based in Europe, and one in America,
both of which would change ideas and values across these two lands. These two major events in
history are known as the First Great Awakening and the Enlightenment. The ideas that were brought
forth in this time were revolutionary, and in some ways seem contradictory. While the Great
Awakening encouraged a new fervor and zeal to be found in God and only in God the
Enlightenment took a step away from God proposing more of a Deist perspective of God or even the
abandoning of God completely. The new Enlightenment ideas and influences came mainly from
Europe by boat to the Americas, as trade often aided in the sharing of ideas, such as occurred along
the Silk Road. While in Europe the Enlightenment would cause division between Christians and
enlightenment thinkers, in America there was to be a blending of these ideas among individuals. As
for short term affects, the teachings of the Great Awakening had a strong impact on colonists and
were quickly and readily accepted in America, however, for the long term it was the Enlightenment
thinking that would shape the American mindset so drastically.
Springing up in Europe, the Enlightenment would cause division between church and these
Enlightenment thinkers, causing new hatred to fragment those in Europe. Though many great and
well known minds of today would rise during this time, men such as Benjamin Franklin, Voltaire,
and Thomas Paine,

The Religious Impact Of The Second Great Awakening
The Second Great Awakening was a religious movement that took place in the late eighteenth and
early nineteenth century. Around the same time, the concepts of Jacksonian democracy was
becoming increasingly more well known. This idea stressed the importance of the common
individual. It focused on the ordinary people and what they thought about government. Jacksonian
democracy also clarified that slavery is an issue. Religiously, The Second Great Awakening strongly
The religious concept of earning salvation that grew popular as a result of the Second Great
Awakening impacted social reforms such as the temperance and abolitionist movements, prison and
education reform, and the formation of Utopian societies. The Second Great Awakening ... Show
These passages from the Bible state the malignant outcomes of drinking to an individual. The poster
also includes images of each of the four stages so that the meaning of the propaganda could also be
interpreted by the illiterate. The Second Great Awakening reviving faith life throughout the country,
which made it more common to discuss within society (Document 2). Lyman Beecher was also one
of the leaders and creators of the American Temperance society founded in 1826, the same year this
poster was published, which implored any drinkers to stop and commit to abstinence pledges.
Pamphlets and propaganda were used often to sway drinkers away from leading a life of immoral
practices.
The Abolitionist movement was not a direct result of the Second Great Awakening; concepts of
abolition had been present decades before the Second Great Awakening. However, the new
democratic aspects of religion supported the fight to end slavery in the United States. David Walker
was an abolitionist who asked free black people to aid enslaved blacks through educating
themselves and others around concepts of slavery (Document 3). This aspect of helping others
relates to the teachings of Charles Finney, who was a revival preacher who openly denounced
slavery and alcohol. In an article published in the New York Evangelist, Charles wanted the public
to know that when the faith of a Christian is renewed, they will suffer when they see anyone else
suffer. They want

The Enlightenment In The First Great Awakening
The Enlightenment was a philosophical movement of the 18th century marked by a rejection of
traditional social,religious,and political ideas with an emphasis on reason and logic.the
enlightenment challenged deeply held christian belief.The philosophers were Voltaire, Rousseau,
Montesquieu, Buffon and Diderot.The enlightenment had ideas like Checks and balances, religious
freedom,and bill of rights.The enlightenment made people question the government.In the first
Great Awakening revitalization of religious peity that swept through the american colonies between
the 1730s and the 1770. It renewed religious enthusiasm quickly spread across the middle colonies
all the way to the puritan of new england. The move also led to the creation of different section and
advocated religious tolerance. However ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A British major yelled to put the weapons down, The heavily outnumbered militiamen had just been
ordered by their commander to disperse when a shot rang out.But no one knows which side fired
first. They started to shoot and when the smoke faded there were 8 militiamen dead and some
injured and only one red coat was injured. The British then went into Concord to look for weapons,
not knowing that the almost all had already been relocated. They decided to burn what little they
found, and the fire got slightly out of control.After searching Concord for hours, the British prepared
to return to Boston, located 18 miles away. The fighting son began again and this time the
militiamen were firing from behind trees,sheds,houses. soon the left weapons.News of the battle
quickly spread, reaching London on May 28. By the following summer, a war of independence had
broken out.In the spring of 1776,a five–man committee was assigned to draft a declaration.It was a
largely work of Thomas

Essay On The Great Awakening Movement
The effects of many events have contributed to the movement for American independence.
Specifically, the Great Awakening and the French and Indian War contributed in different ways. The
Great Awakening, a religious movement, helped promote change in the churches of America, while
the French and Indian War united the colonies on a critical issue for the first time. Both the Great
Awakening and the French and Indian War united the American people and took great steps towards
American independence.
The Great Awakening came about in the eighteenth century when religion was less fervent. The
Puritan Church was declining due to elaborate sermons and compromising efforts to lessen
membership requirements. In result, in the 1730s and 1740s, there was a religious revival ... Show
During the Seven Years War in 1763, both the French and British wanted to extend their territories
in North America. But, there were fur traders doing business with Native Americans, and other
English settlers already living their. The French believed that they had exclusive rights to the land,
since their explorers had been their first. Therefore, the British government assembled an
intercolonial congress in Albany, New York. The Albany Plan of Union's immediate purpose was to
keep the Native American chiefs loyal to the British in spreading the war, but the long–term purpose
was to achieve greater colonial unity, which would maintain defense against France. The Albany
Plan of Union is one of the first important proposals in American history. The colonists began to see
themselves as a separate entity from Great Britain. This presented the colonies as a collective,
whole, united nation under one government. This contributed to the movement towards American
independence because the colonies were seen as a united nation that could bind together against
foes, rather than thirteen separate

America's First Great Awakening
INTRUDUCTION
America's first Great Awakening (1730s–1750s) can best be described as a time of religious
reconsiderations, intense revivalism and transition during which the Christian thinking in America
was transformed. The Awakening was part of a widespread movement that was developing
simultaneously in Europe, especially in England, Scotland and Germany. These societies were
mostly Protestant and decidedly countered the Age of Enlightenment by claiming that true religion
consists in trusting with the heart and trusting in the Scriptures rather than count on human reason.
In America, the movement began among Presbyterians, in the colonies of Pennsylvania and New
Jersey, and was led by the Reverend Gilbert Tennent and his four sons who were

George Whitefield And Jonathan Edwards And The Second...
The First Great Awakening (c. 1735–1743) was the development of a religious revival which was
heavily influenced by Calvinist ideals. It was centered around the American Revolution which was
primary focused around the thirteen colonies in which an evangelical Protestant revivalist wave took
the colonies by hold. With this, preachers like George Whitefield, an itinerant preacher, and
Jonathan Edwards, father of the Great Awakening, began to preach to large bodies of people;
spreading their beliefs in emotional ways that touched upon their emotions. George Whitefield and
Jonathan Edwards, both well–known circuit riders, embedded fear in people by claiming God had
already chosen who is saved by his salvation. The Second Great Awakening (c.1795–1830) was
experienced across the country due to the advancement in the nation's economic growth. Preachers
often spoke emotionally about their message to increase the reaction in people. Preaches proclaimed
that the power of eternal salvation is in the hands of the person to decided to be saved and avoid
eternal damnation. This ideals were closely influenced by Arminianism which sinfulness is a choice
rather than a destiny, appealing to more people because of its optimistic outlook. The Second Great
Awakening sought out the downfall of the old Calvinist, changing the harsh ideals into something
the people reacted positively to. Preachers would promote new social reforms that included:
women's movement, abolishment of slaves, and etc. Revivalist during the Second Great Awakening
focused on a conversion experience within the heart of the listener. People gathered in camp
meetings, large social gathering were priest would preach 24/7 for 47 days; lead to large numbers of
converts due to their energetic/emotional style of talking. Ultimately, preachers proclaimed salvation
to be a choice.
The preaches would publicly advocate, during the First Great Awakening, was that God has already
decided who will live in eternal salvation (heaven). Jonathan Edwards was a huge influence in the
new religious revival (The Great Awakening) by becoming a founding and central figure. He
believed that the American people were losing interest in religion because they prioritize other

A Brief Note On The First ' Great Awakening '
Woman Suffrage Denied How a changing environment can change people's perception in love, life,
and service to God and mankind. How several women with strong beliefs and approaches to equal
opportunity created separation amongst the people. Examining the different rolls women
participated in to influence change in America. The Second "Great Awakening" of the 1790's,
brought change to the New World. "inspired by the economic progress and democratic spirit of the
age and by the religious optimism of the Second Great Awakening, believed that they could improve
their personal lives and society as a whole" (Henretta et al, America 321). The Second "Great
Awakening" created an environment in which denominations came together in cooperation.
Religious leaders began to establish societies, which "ministered to the nation" (Henretta et al,
America 252). Everyone participating in these societies together, began to serve a larger religious
purpose, uniting communities. The Second "Great Awakening" "prompted women to demonstrate
their piety and even to found new sects" (Henretta et al, America 253). Pioneered by Mother Ann
Lee, the Shakers was created in Britain. In 1774, the all women group "The Shakers" moved to
America. By 1820, the women group increased in numbers. Living and operating within a male
dominate environment, where "gender–segregated prayer meetings" still took place the women
group wanted change. Since the majority of the church worshipers were women it "prompted

How Did The First Great Awakening Influence The Role Of...
During the early eighteenth century between 1730 and 1750, a resurgence in religious fervor known
as the First Great Awakening developed throughout the thirteen British Colonies. As the European
Enlightenment ideas of reason and logic in all things began to grow in Europe and the colonies, the
First Great Awakening derived from an attempt to restore the predominance of emotion and spiritual
piety in religion. Likewise, throughout the first half of the nineteenth century, the Second Great
Awakening again invigorated religious zeal in the United States in response to the growing
secularism in America and complacency of religious believers. The First Great Awakening's
prominent figures, Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield, discredited the socially stratified
religious ideology of established churches such as the Christ Church and popularized the religious
ideology of fervent personal connections with God and the principles of spiritual guilt and Calvinist
predestination, or the selective and predetermined salvation and damnation of people. From the First
Great Awakening also arose the decrease in traditional church parish worship and the appearance of
emotionally impassioned itinerant preachers in the thirteen colonies and the mass preaching to
emotional crowds outside. The Second Great Awakening eroded Calvinist predestination, and
instead religions such as Methodists and Baptists professed the equality of all before God and
salvation for all who repent for their sins and

The Religious Impacts Of The First Great Awakening And The...
Both The First Great Awakening and The Enlightenment generated an instant trend in the revival of
religious influences. Started by Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield, the Great Awakening was
most commonly understood to have its greatest religious impact between the 1730s and 1740s.
American colonists had begun to become more devoted to various religions, which resulted in the
toleration of many of them. Another cause of this revival dated back to the late seventeenth and
early eighteenth centuries when a German movement, called Pietism, emphasized closely distinct
personal connections with God (Gullotta, 2016). This movement spread as a result British, German,
Scottish, Scotch–Irish immigration that then influenced British and Dutch religion (Gullotta, 2016).
As a consequence, American colonists had begun to become more devoted to various religions,
which resulted in the toleration of many of them.
One of the effects of The Great Awakening on the British North American colonists was the
religious rule. The ties between culture and politics through religious movements changed the norms
of the colonists. Other than immigrants from town to town the visitation of preachers caused an
emergence of opposition about the truth of the church and creation of new sects and Protestant
denominations. A few of the preachers who led these preaching tours included George Whitefield,
Theodore Jacob Frelinghugusen, James Davenport, Samuel Davis, and Gilbert Tennent (Gullotta,
2016).

First Great Awakening
Revival history is an interesting topic and one that can be explored at great depths. Revivals of the
past, if looked at through the right lens, can awaken hope and desire for God to move again, even in
the darkest times. Revivals show us that God is still very much active and interested in His people.
The Father desires that we would know Him as a real Person and who loves to make Himself known
through His Son Jesus. I wrote my paper on the First Great Awakening mainly because I am from
New England and I have a passion to see the church set ablaze again in that area. The heritage is so
rich in that land and I believe that the Lord would love to encounter His people again with a great
spiritual awakening. Below, I will go over the Great ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He also studied many topics and was one of the most brilliant minds to be produced on American
soil. Edward's didn't have his actual conversion experience until January 12, 1723. Jonathan studied
the bible 13 – 14 hours a day and wrote over 120 pieces of literature which many can still be found.
Edward's was bold in his proclamation of the truth and didn't not shy away from it even when it was
uncomfortable for the people. Edward's desire for doctrinal purity is admirable and the dedication
and devotion given to it is worth reduplicating. George Whitefield was born on December 16, 1714
in Gloucester England. George was the youngest of seven children. He was not raised in a Christian
home but rather one that was dysfunctional. His father passes away when he was at the mere age of
two. His mother did eventually remarry but it was indicated that the marriage was not peaceful. In
1733 Whitefield met the infamous 'Wesley brothers" while studying at Pembroke College in Oxford.
John and Charles Wesley at that time were leading what is known as the Holy Clubs and before
Whitefield even had his conversion experience he was apart of the holy clubs for 3 years.The
schedule was one that was very rigors and it must have been the hand of the Lord to keep him
enough content to stay. It took a very serious illness to confront him on his internal state while in
England. Whitefield's accomplishments are quite amazing he pioneered open air, square and field
meetings. The

Effects Of The First Great Awakening Dbq
There were many events that occured prior to the American Revolution and aided in bringing it to
fruition. The First Great Awakening in the 1730s and 1740s presented a new logic that had people
begin to reflect on the spirituality in daily life, causing a majority of colonists to question the rule of
Great Britain over them. The religious impact in the colonists from the Great Awakening caused the
ministers to lose authority among those who now studied the Bible in their own homes. With this
change in the authority in religion, it also changed the way some people political authority, as if they
did not need to rely on the higher power of a minister, the there is no need of a higher power ruling
over the government. This thinking also caused the The long term effect of the American ... Show
The Indians were not included into the peace made with Great Britain, as stated in Document 3, but
many Native American tribes such as the Shawnee, Creek, and Cherokee sided with the British.
They had hoped for a British victory that would continue to restrain the land–hungry colonial
settlers from moving west beyond the Appalachian Mountains.The Indians were left to roam the
wilderness. Native Americans, too, participated in and were affected by the Revolution.
Unfortunately, the Americans' victory and Native Americans' support for the British created a
pretense for justifying the rapid, and often brutal expansion into the western territories. Native
American tribes would continue to be displaced and pushed further west throughout the nineteenth
century. Ultimately, American independence marked the beginning of the end of what had remained
of Native American independence. Doc 5 Indians will be forced to move again and it is Indian
territory at this time. The laws are for white people moving into the territory because Indians were
not seen as

Whose Time Had Come
Although many people moved to the colonies for religious freedom, it was not long before the
morals began to loosen and religious expectations became a small, unimportant sector of everyday
life. As the first and second generations of colonists began to age and eventually die off, the
upcoming population gave into temptations of the world and were soon far away from the hand of
God. When the separatists made the trip overseas to the new world, they embarked on the dangerous
journey in sight of a place to raise their children under a government that allowed them to have more
of a say in the religious aspects of their children's lifes. The move to the colonies allowed the
parents to better oversee the child's religious education, but this plan for a new land of religious
freedom and concentration on God would eventually become overlooked. The colonists became
disinterested in a relationship with God, attending church services, and even upholding moral
standards. While being a church member was crucial to a citizens role in the town, the adults
eventually saw little meaning in these requirements (Tracy, 2). "In the early days of New England,
none but church members could hold any office, or vote at elections." (1) The Puritans laid a
discouraging amount of weight on a colonists to be a part of the church. "Exclusion from the Lord's
table, –that is, excommunication,–was attended with the loss of certain civil rights, and, in most
countries, followed by the infliction of

The Causes And Impacts Of The Great Awakenings
The Great Awakenings were periods of religious revival, increasing religious enthusiasm during the
early 18th century and the late 20th century. Some may say that the Great Awakenings also caused
enlightenment. However, there was a tremendous increase in religious participation, and influence in
other reforms as well. Therefore, the Great Awakenings tremendously influenced the development of
american society prior to the American Civil War.
By the 18th century, there were concerns about the declining religious devotion and the increase of
secularism emerging in the United States. The result of these changes was the Great Awakening, the
first major american revival. There were many preachers that were outspoken from their religion.
George Whitefield was one of many of those preachers. Whitefield was very compassionate during
his speeches, preaching the words of God, weeping with sorrow, spreading the word of God, and
hitting people on an emotional standpoint. He made numerous evangelizing tours through the
colonies and attracted large crowds. Nathan Cole, like thousands of others, came to see George
Whitefield. Nathan Cole wrote in "The Spiritual Travels of Nathan Cole" and said, "When I saw Mr.
Whitefield come upon the Scaffold he lookt almost angelical; a young, Slim, slender, youth before
some thousands of people with a bold undaunted Countenance, and my hearing how God was with
him every where he came along it Solemnized my mind; and put me into a trembling fear before he
began to preach; for he looked as if he was Cloathed with authority from the Great God; and a sweet
sollume solemnity sat upon his brow And my hearing him preach, gave me a heart wound..." Cole
had just described that hundreds upon hundreds of people came to see Whitefield and speakers like
him. This greatly revived religion in many peoples' lives. Cole said that the speech given touched
him in the heart as it did with thousands of others.
Many have said that the Enlightenment occurred around this time as well. However, the great
awakenings were gatherings that replaced intellectual, rational sermons with emotional salvation
experiences, stressing faith over reason. The Great Awakening occurred all over the nation and
helped break down

The People, Words and Effects of the Great Awakening Essay
The Great Awakening was an event that occurred in the early 18th century characterized by fervent
and enthusiastic worship in a series of revivals that spread throughout the American colonies. This
event was noted for the growth of the Christian church and the promotion of traditional Puritan
views on the issues of election and salvation. The success of the Great Awakening rests in the
pluralistic, ecumenical, and sociological efforts of men from various theological backgrounds, yet
espousing a unified message of repentance, forgiveness, and hope for the masses. Research available
on this period ranges from 18th century newspapers and letters to current literary criticism of
discourse of the period. However, the resources selected for ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The other was a promotional effort whereby the printed word served to publicize and reinforce the
preached word" (88). Both of these scholars agree that Whitefield's involvement in the revival is
what distinguished this great event from all others.
Just as Gillies and Lambert acknowledge Whitefield's value to the movement, Maxson recognizes
the contributions of Whitefield in his dissertation, The Great Awakening in the Middle Colonies.
Whitefield's reputation preceded him and, consequently, many traditional pastors did not extend
their pulpits to him for revival. As a matter of fact, Whitefield found himself shut out of many
churches and publicly attacked by many clergymen, yet Maxson attributes the success of the revival
in the Middle colonies to Whitefield's forming an alliance with William Tennent (47). These
scholars agree that George Whitefield, for a number of reasons, was undoubtedly the key factor in
the success of the revivals of the Great Awakening.
Although Whitefield is credited with being the leader of the movement, he was certainly not alone in
his efforts. He was preceded by a couple of really strong orators, one of which was Theodorus
Jacobus Frelinghuysen of the Dutch Reformed Church. Frelinghuysen's work in New Jersey dates
back as early as 1720, yet his message, like Whitefield and many others of the Awakening,

The First Great Awakening And Jonathan Edwards And George...
In the early 18th century, there was an increased movement away from the church due to the
encouragement to value logic and reason over faith in the church. This caused the faith in the church
to become incredibly low. Going to church started to be a chore, and individuals would only go to
receive the sermon, if at all. Upon seeing the overall state of religious faith, preachers began taking
their sermons to the people by preaching in central areas and going from church to church
throughout the colonies. This became known as the first Great Awakening. At the forefront of the
Great Awakening were preachers that came from England who would use evangelism to bring their
word to the religiously complacent population of the colonies. The most prominent of these
preachers were Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield. In other words, the first Great Awakening
was an explosion in evangelical activity in the colonies. (The Albert.io Team) Jonathan Edwards
was one of the sparks of the first Great Awakening. A Calvinist, he believed that mortal men and
woman completely depended on the salvation of God (The Great Awakening). As a believer in the
evangelical method, he would not simply preach in one place. He would travel from church to
church, any that would welcome him, to spread his message. His sermons were not theatrical. He
would not excessively gesture or feel a need to act along with his sermons. His sermons were filled
with emotion that was evident through his voice.

First Great Awakening
The eighteenth–century revivals were the continuity of the Protestant evangelical movement that
started in the seventeenth century. Particularly, the American First Great Awakening was a broad
development that included the polities and theologies of Anglicans, Lutherans, Pietists and
Calvinist. Calvinist, however, shared connections and influences with Calvinist evangelicals in
Europe, thus they were very aware of all their activities. Hence, they developed a system of contacts
and procedures for the dissemination of the news of the European revival. The news came first to
individuals, usually ministers, who then distributed it among lay communities, and they in turn
passed it to the lay population in general. Because revival news was of great

The First Great Awakening And The Age Of Enlightenment
Throughout history, literature has served as a prominent tool in the examination of social values,
ideas, and dreams. In addition, literature has provided a vital connection between historical, social,
and political events. Through the incorporation of religious principles and philosophies, writers have
discovered a way to portray different time periods, characters, feelings, and most importantly God.
As the Age of Enlightenment gradually came to an end, the British American colonists were ready to
progress beyond the ideology of human reason and depend solely on biblical revelation. During the
eighteenth century, a great movement known as the First Great Awakening swept through Protestant
Europe and America, leaving a permanent impact on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, new light preachers gradually began preaching democratic messages which helped
make the American colonies more democratic during the eighteenth century. The Great Awakening
also helped establish four educational institutions: Princeton University, Brown University,
Dartmouth College, and Rutgers University (Britannica). Lastly, from a religious aspect, the Great
Awakening brought a great division between many religious denominations, resulting in the splitting
of old light and new light preachers.
One of the most influential writers and new light preachers was Jonathan Edwards. Edwards was
born into an Orthodox family on October 5th, 1703, in the city of East Windsor, Connecticut. As a
child, Jonathan Edwards had constant exposure to the teachings of the Bible and Christian theology,
as well as having the opportunity to learn a variety of languages such as Greek and Latin
(University). Throughout his childhood, Edwards received an adequate and excellent education from
his father and ten sisters, so that he could be prepared to attend college and earn his undergraduate
and graduate degrees in philosophy and theology. Furthermore, when Edwards was only eleven
years old, he wrote his first piece of scientific literature titled "Flying Spider," in which he
accurately portrayed scientific observation and marvelous literary skills

The Great Awakening By Christine Leigh Heyrman
The Great Awakening
A restructuring of religious doctrine, beliefs, and social practices during the 17th and 18th centuries
in England, and in North America, infused with Calvinistic religious doctrine initiated the beginning
of The Great Awakening. Following this further, according to Christine Leigh Heyrman, The First
Great Awakening: Divining America," a New Age of faith rose to counter the currents of the Age of
Enlightenment. Ultimately reaffirming the view that being truly religious meant trusting the heart
rather than the head, prizing feeling more than thinking, and relying on biblical revelation rather
than human reason. After a while, several religious revivals sprung forth appeasing the colonists in
America desire for a deep and significant personal relationship with God. Thus, this dogma spread
to other denominations throughout the colonies in America (Heyrman)." As a result, The Great
Awakening spread throughout the middle colonies in America by notable revivalist preachers
instituting moderate Calvinistic doctrinal theology especially for the Presbyterians and the
Congregationalists, and opened the door to unprecedented world societal changes.
Whether answering a call from God or by invitation, Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen came to
America to minister to the Dutch population. Frelinghuysen had acquired many of the theological
leanings of a confessional pietist, among which was a view of conversion. Although never officially
systematized, confessional pietists

Religious Revitalization Movement : The First Great Awakening
Religious Revitalization Movement, The First Great Awakening
The First Great Awakening, was a religious revitalization movement that came through the Atlantic
region, and even more so in the American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s, forever impacting
American religion & is widely known as the most important event for American religion during the
eighteenth century. The First Great Awakening was inspired by an English Methodist known as
George Whitefield along with other ministers, when many people in the rural areas rejected the
Enlighted and rational religion that came from the Cosmopolitan pulpits and port cities. George
Whitefield began this movement with speaking tours through the colonies ("The Great Awakening").
With my research I ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It has been said by many that George Whitefield was able to turn the place of worship into a
religious theater, with his energetic sermons. He was giving gruesome deceptions of hell, and was
able to hook the people of all ages, race, and class. In 1741 Whitefield returned to England and had
a tons of followers joining older churches or forming new (improved) churches ("U.s. A Narrative").
The Primary Source on the dangers of unconverted Ministry was a sermon preached by Gilbert
Tennent's, an American Presbyterian minister that participated in The Great Awakening where
Tennent then met George Whitefield the two established they shared beliefs on the movement.
Tennent & Whitefield began traveling together, Tennent was able to introduce Whitefield to other
ministers in the Middle Colonies to help make Whitefield's preaching tour a major success. When
Whitefield returned to England, Tennent held services for months in New England. These tours
helped unite local revivals into the Great Awakening & in my opinion was an interesting piece I'd
like to touch base on, by shining light on how he felt & argued that only men who had experienced
conversion should be

Analysis Of The First Great Awakening
A product of the religious revival in Western Europe from late 17th century to early 18th century, the
First Great Awakening was a period of religious growth throughout the British American colonies
from approximately 1720 to the 1740s. This awakening was led by many religious figures such as
John Wesley – a founder of Methodism in the Church of England, George Whitefield – an Anglican
who preached throughout the colonies from 1739 to 1740, and Jonathan Edwards – an Apologist of
the Great Awakening who led the revival in Northampton, Massachusetts. Although this period of
religious high is referred to as "The First Great Awakening," historians still debate whether or not
this grandiose title is deserved. Frank Lambert, a history ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Lambert wrote, "In 1737 and 1738 Colman enjoyed the fruits of his labors as unabridged editions of
A Faithful Narrative of the Surprizing Work of God in the Conversion of many Hundred Souls in
Northampton, of New–England appeared in London, Glasgow, and Boston."
Later on, Professor Lambert mentioned a revival in Freehold, New Jersey that occurred at a similar
time as the Northampton revival. Once again, the revival was never referenced by newspapers
during the revival; however, this awakening became well–known among evangelicals in 1736, when
Jonathan Edwards heard about it from a man named William Tennent. Although these two revivals
were never mentioned during the actual event, Lambert ironically noted, " By 1739, however,
Northampton and Freehold had become linked in the minds of evangelicals as sites in a great and
general awakening, in large measure because the Faithful Narrative, first to memorialize the event,
had quickly emerged as a model for revival accounts elsewhere." Jonathan Edwards's ingenious
Faithful Narrative on the Northampton awakening became a template for other evangelicals to copy
for their individual town's revival.
As Professor Lambert went on to describe numerous publications from religious authors and various
personal accounts, he ultimately concluded, "...the Great Awakening was simply the product of
overheated

First Great Awakening Essay
The First Great Awakening was a religious revival that swept across Colonial America in the 18th
century. The First Great Awakening changed the colonists attitudes toward religion and helped pave
the way for the American Revolution. It impacted the way colonists worshipped and gave them a
sense of independence. This paper will look at the cause and effect of the First Great Awakening.
Before the First Great Awakening, a revolution known as the Glorious Revolution of 1688, stopped
the fighting between religious and political groups. The Glorious Revolution declared the Church of
England the reigning church of the country. Now that all of the colonists were under the same
religious rule, religion became a past time or a "go through the motions"

Essay about Great Awakening
The Great Awakening was when religion was sweeping throughout New
England with more conversions and church membership. This spiritual awakening took place from
1735 up until 1745. (Brief Outline Notes on the
Great Awakening, 1735–45 ) Most of this had taken place within the American
Colonies, especially New England.(McCormick, pars. 9) . The Great Awakening had many causes,
however the consequences benefitted many. Many people were moving farther and farther away
from religion, the
Great Awakening was a revitalization that had tried to change that. There was a huge decline in
church membership and the church wanted people to get back to god. As well as the Enlightenment,
this was a time period where many people were using ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another principle leader in the south of the Awakening was Samuel Davies from Virginia. He read
to his neighbors the sermons of Whitefield and Luther. He preached moderately, however it`s effect
was numerous. The passionate sermons of these people led to the revival of religon. More people
came to church for the worship of god from their heart.
These ministers and preachers helped cause the Great Awakening that led to many benificial
consequences.(Lecture 4). The work of these ministers and preachers paid off because of the
satisfactory results. A major result was the unification of many Americans through religion. As well
as the understanding of Christian faith and life. Many non– established groups grew and enjoyed
much more respect,such as the
Baptists, Methodists and Presbyterians(Lecture 4). The colonists also figured out that they can do
things on their own. They didn`t need others to interpret the bible for them. This helped the colonists
fight back against George III and his tyrannical ways. They put in religious control over the destiny
over their nation and instead of asking the church about independence, they sought help from god
(Great Awakening).Colonists had infact also figured out that any man can go to heaven. Even if they
have money or not, religion apparently back then stressed equality, this led to disturbances to the

Compare And Contrast First And Second Great Awakening
The First Great Awakening spread throughout the 13 colonies as an emotional religious revival
movement from 1720s to 1740s that appeared due to the increase of secularism and rationalism
religion in which evangelist had challenged established denominations and pushed towards a more
personal relationship with God (3 + 12).The Second Great Awakening was a religious revival
movement from in the 19th century, which called for an individualized relationship between the
people and God, promoting it through Baptist and Methodist beliefs, which held a more egalitarian
attitude in the case of everyone being able to achieve salvation. The First Great Awakening and
Second Great Awakening both transformed religious ideology by introducing individualism, a belief
where men have a closer and direct relationship with God. The First and Second Great Awakenings
had a transformation in their methods of worship with a change in venue, with the First Great
Awakening having people preach to the masses on the street corners outside; while in the Second
Great Awakening, having revivals and camp meetings with people screaming and jumping, a change
from the traditional, to a wholly new method of worship.
Jonathan Edwards, a Congregationalist minister in western Massachusetts, who was shocked at the
dissipating religious spirit, believing that people were giving up to sinful pleasures. He worked
against the secularization of the Enlightenment and focus on pushing the emotional side of religion
by expressing the wonderful nature of Heaven and the horror of Hell, helping to renew intensity
behind religion. This idea of Heaven and Hell was stated in his sermon, "Sinners in the Hands of an
Angry God", intended to scare people into looking for salvation, with descriptions of people being
held over a fire in Hell. This is expressive of the change of social norms in Puritan New England,
where going to the Minister's house as opposed to the Tavern was acceptable. This also shows the
more individualized ideals people had, for they were presented with the option of achieving their
own salvation and take responsibility for their lives, having the option of maintaining a personal
connection with God. (ch 3 txtbk)
William Tennent, an Irish–born

The Great Awakening During The British Colonies
The First Great Awakening in the British Colonies found its way across the Atlantic Ocean from
Europe around 1730–1740s, and it had a profound impact on the course of the colonies, especially
during the latter half of the Eighteenth Century, as they became independent from King George III's
tyranny. The Great Awakening was a movement rooted in spiritual growth in which it brought a new
national identity that swept through the Puritans in Colonial America. Certain Puritans at time began
to disassociate themselves with the established approach to worship which led to a general decline
of church goers in the British Colonies, and during the Great Awakening many ministers adopted
instead a New Light approach in which was characterized by great ... Show more content on
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Charles Chauncey became Jonathan Edward's opponent and opposed the Great Awakening's New
Light ideals of revivalism and emotional sermons that he referred to as Enthusiasm, and became the
defender of the old way of the Puritan ways of preaching and serving God. "His greatest
contemporary fame came as a leading ''Old Light'' opponent of the massive religious revivals that
swept through the colonies in the late 1730s and early 1740s, a position in his mind motivated by an
earnest desire to conserve the Puritan way from the "New Lights" dangerous engagement of
excessive displays of emotions." These excessive displays of emotions he explained that they were,
"nothing better than Enthusiasts... [and] have no good reason to believe such a thing." He believed
that

The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening.
The Great Awakening and the Enlightenment were two historical events that shaped the thoughts of
people and religion in America. The most important factor in both of these events is the common
theme of reason behind the movements. The Great Awakening began about the 1930's and reached
its climax ten years later in 1740. What exactly was the Great Awakening? It was a wave of religion
revivals sweeping through New England that increased conversions and church membership. The
beginnings of the Great Awakening were in Pennsylvania and New Jersey among Presbyterians and
then spread to the Puritans and Baptists of New England. They were encouraged to confess sins
done freely to the church in order to receive forgiveness. This whole movement was ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
People started to look at religion differently. Puritan theology focused on what God had done for the
people. Now, people started to look at what man could do because of the gifts God had bestowed on
us. The responsibility for salvation is not God's but man's himself. Now Enlightenment had the
concepts of reasons but they didn't agree with having to confess and humble themselves before the
Almighty like the people of the Great Awakening. People close to the Enlightenment celebrated the
human race and it's capacities, they had argued they were worshiping God more appropriately than
anyone else. They believed that some humans were like God, created not only in his own imagine,
but that humans also shared his same creative power and people such as painters, musicians, and
scholars, by these people practicing their intellectual powers were fulfilling their divine purposes.
So like the Great Awakening they did look more at what them as humans could do for themselves,
but in a much larger degree. Developments in England, such as the Glorious Revolution, the
scientific methods and the rise of the parliamentary government made their way into the colonies, at
this time. The Enlightenment began though, in Europe and then came to America around the early
eighteenth century. The reason it mostly

Similarities And Differences Between The Second Great...
Tom Richey compares the First Great Awakening with the Second Great Awakening in his video.
Both awakenings had an impact on religion. There are some similarities and differences between the
First Great Awakening and the Second Great Awakening. The most obvious similarity between both
of the awakenings was that they are considered religious revivals. The preaching style during both
of the awakenings was more fire and brimstone, meaning the focus was sending a picture of Hell to
their audience. Preachers also connected with their audience on an emotional level. The First
Awakening had a Calvinist influence where sinfulness was inherent. Jonathan Edwards is one
example where he preached that there was nothing people could do, because God

The Great Awakening By Theodorus Frelinghuysen
Before the Great Awakening, Theodorus Frelinghuysen, a German pastor's son, born on November
6, 1692 in Lingen, Germany answered the call to theology. After Frelinghuysen's education at the
University of Lingen and ordination in 1717, he accepted his first pastoral commitment at Emden,
then another one at East–Friesland before accepting a sub–rectorship position./At that time, his
doctrine ascribed to living a Godly confessional style of piousness with heart, mind, and soul
regarding the law, realizing sin; rebirth, salvation only through Jesus Christ by the grace of God; and
receiving the Holy Spirit/ Shortly thereafter, whether answering a call from God, or at the urging of
the Reverend Sicco Tjady, Frelinghuysen came to America, because the Dutch population needed
ministers./ along with his wife Eva Terhune, a farmer 's daughter; and five sons that all entered the
ministry, and two daughters that married clergymen,/ Eloquent and vigorous, Frelinghuysen's
ministry stimulated community intellectual life, trained several ministers, and his preaching of the
gospel of Jesus Christ had a reforming effect, and significant revivals followed./ Unbeknownst to
some, Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen; a Dutch Reformed clergyman, and noted exhorter initiated
the Great Awakening in America 's middle colonies.
The theology of Frelinghuysen spread to other denominations throughout the colonies in America,
and brought about a restructuring of the religious doctrine, beliefs, and

Religious Doctrine, Beliefs, And Social Practices
A restructuring of religious doctrine, beliefs, and social practices during the 17th and 18th centuries
in England, and in North America, infused with Calvinistic religious doctrine initiated the beginning
of The Great Awakening. Following this further, according to Christine Leigh Heyrman, The First
Great Awakening: Divining America," a New Age of faith rose to counter the currents of the Age of
Enlightenment. Ultimately reaffirming the view that being truly religious meant trusting the heart
rather than the head, prizing feeling more than thinking, and relying on biblical revelation rather
than human reason. After a while, several religious revivals sprung forth appeasing the colonists in
America desire for a deep and significant personal relationship with God. Thus, this dogma spread
to other denominations throughout the colonies in America (Heyrman)." As a result, The Great
Awakening spread throughout the middle colonies in America by notable revivalist preachers
instituting moderate Calvinistic doctrinal theology especially for the Presbyterians and the
Congregationalists, and opened the door to unprecedented world societal changes. Whether
answering a call from God or by invitation, Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen came to America to
minister to the Dutch population. Frelinghuysen had acquired many of the theological leanings of a
confessional pietist, among which was a view of conversion. Although never officially systematized,
confessional pietists in the German

Great Awakenings And The Great Awakenings
Religions, its beginning, practices, beliefs, or definition, though interesting remain challenging for
any one individual to comprehend. Religions develop from humans for humans either on an
individual level or a collective one. Moreover, the development of religions by individuals which
has continued for centuries further complicate matters, yet they cease to exist and continue to
reinvent or transform people and society. Throughout the history of America, religions encountered
many fluctuations, some which produced tensions others produced reforms that would benefit
society. An interesting piece lies within the experience of the Great Awakenings, both the first and
second with each stimulating innovative ideas and motivating America's population in large
numbers. Each of the Great Awakenings experienced some success and disappointments, but overall
paved the way for developing and executing much needed reforms. From their inception, the Great
Awakenings thrived across America and is apparent that the impact stood remarkable for its time
which resulted in many significant reforms.
The First Great Awakening during the eighteenth century defines a movement which shaped
American life through a series of revivals. The Great Awakening emerged as America experienced
substantial population growth. As a result, there existed a need to fulfill the religious needs of the
recent exploding population. During this time, there were limited church's and ministers and the
shortages

A Summary Of The First Great Awakening
Described as theologically significant, The First Great Awakening (c. 1735–1743) was the beginning
of a revitalization that hit the American colonies by storm. It began to form once religion had eased
down and preachers began to take an emotional foot in religion and increasing liberalism – Armenia
(free will) ideals began to form. George Whitefield, a circuit rider who preached spiritual
awakening, and Jonathan Edwards, imposed fear in people by claiming God had already chosen who
get his salvation, were the main contributors to the First Great Awakening. The Second Great
Awakening (c.1795–1830) was experienced across the country due to the advancement in the
nation's economic growth. Preachers often spoke emotionally about their message to increase the
reaction in people. Preaches proclaimed that the power of eternal salvation is in the hands of the
person to decided to be saved and avoid eternal damnation. This ideals were closest
related/influenced by Arminianism which sinfulness is a choice rather than a destiny in which it
appealed to more people because of its optimistic outlook. The First Great Awakening changed
religious ideology by promoting Calvinist ideals and individualism amongst people; The Second
Great Awakening promoted salvation and damnation at the expense of the person true willingness to
be saved, positive female roles in the church and the infusion of lower classes with higher classes;
both transforming the methods of worship to become more emotionally

Analysis: The First Great Awakening
Function: During the freedom of Americas grasp of great Britain and many years of development
America was the land of the free and soon to be land of free religious rights. This soon became
known as "The First Great Awakening" the time were religion started to spread and it gave the
people the choice to convert to a new religion, stay a in there own religion, or not believe anything
at all and remain neutral. A man named Jonathan Edwards who was a puritan wanted to spread the
catholic faith of god had a sermon on July 8, 1741 in Massachusetts about "Sinners in the Hands of
an Angry God". In his speech he gave a very detailed description of what would happen if you
sinned and go against god. In the first part he talks about hell "That world

Jonathan Edwards Impact On Puritans

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