Presentation made in the conference organised by KHPT on keeping girls in secondary schools; successes and challenges on June 20th 2015 at Dharwad

1. Overview of Girls’ Education in
Karnataka
Successes and Challenges
Dr.H.B.Chandrashekar, State Pedagogy Co-ordinator, O/o State
Project Director,
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Bengaluru-01,
cell: 9448999320;
hbchandru@gmail.com

2. Women & Girls in Population
As per 2011 Census
• Total population is 6.10 Crore, out of which
50.69% are Men and 49.31% are women; 8.38
lakh women are less than men.
• Sex ratio is 973; Rural-979, Urban-963
• But child (0 to 6 years) sex ratio is 948;
Rural-950, Urban-946
• Total Literacy-75.36, Men-82.47, Women-
68.08 (Rural women-59.71)

4. Profile of Schools as per DISE 2014-15
• Elementary-60,912 (Rural-77%, Govt & aided-
79%)
• Secondary-14,937 (Rural-57%, Govt & aided-
60%)
% of Co-Ed schools
• LPS-99.7% schools (26,231)
• UPS-96.38% (33,354)
• Secondary 94.26% (14,081)

5. Enrollment Girls in schools (I to X)
Category Total
Enrollment
including
boys(in Lakh)
% of Girls No. of Girls
less than
Boys
All Children 101.12 48.27 3,44,611
General 15.90 47.05 93,616
SC 18.96 48.25 66,073
ST 7.79 48.30 26,482
OBC 58.46 48.64 1,58,440
Muslims 7.79 48.28 26,482

6. 6
Increase in Enrolment share of Girl Children
8

7. Enrollment of Girls in schools (I to X)-Medium wise
Mediu
m
Total
Enrollment
including
boys(in Lakh)
% of Girls No. of Girls
less than
Boys
No. of Girls
more than
Boys
Kannad
a
72.09 47.85 3,09,382
English 22.57 46.74 1,46,881
Urdu 4.79 61.53 - 1,10,586
Marathi 1.40 50.57 - 2,148
Telugu 6,296 (digits) 48.72 160
Hindi 8127 (digits) 46.92 499

8. Enrollment of Girls in schools (I to X)-Management wise
Manage
ment
Category
Total
Enrollme
nt
including
boys(in
Lakh)
% of Girls No. of
Girls less
than Boys
No. of
Girls
more
than Boys
Govt 48.64 51.21 - 1,18,069
Aided 15.32 47.97 62,023
Un-Aided 35.14 44.26 4,03082
Others 2.00 50.64 2425

9. No. of Minority Girls in schools (I to X)
Religion Total
Enrollment
including
boys(in Lakh)
% of Girls No. of Girls
less than
Boys
Muslims 13.96 49.75 6840
Christians 1.07 48.11 1896
Sikh,
Buddist,
Parsi, Jain
0.53 47.88 2245
Others 1.59 48.55 4603

10. Details of teachers (Working)
Level Total
No. of
Teachers
No. of
Male
Teachers
No. of
Female
Teachers
Elementary 2,87,721 1,22,860 1,64,861
Secondary 1,07,900 69,263 38,637

11. Other Indicators
Indicator Elementary Secondary
Boys Girls Boys Girls
GER 98.08 97.08 78.54 76.01
GER (SC) 106.97 104.80 81.07 74.26
GER (ST) 105.45 103.30 78.85 73.02
NER 87.92 87.02 57.01 54.86
Gender
Parity
Index
0.99 0.99
Gender
Gap
0.01 0.03

12. Transition Rate
Cate
gory
5 to 6 7 to 8 8 to 9 9 to 10
Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls
All 96.73 97.18 98.66 97.53 95.50 95.02 94.43 95.31
SC 97.20 97.23 98.89 96.69 95.87 95.19 94.41 95.30
ST 95.99 96.32 96.78 96.87 92.20 92.37 92.63 91.58
Musl
ims 96.06 96.85 94.48 94.66 85.33 93.93 93.59 96.72

13. Promotion Rate (PR), Repetition Rate (RR),
Drop Out Rate (DR)
Indica
tor
Primary Upper Primary Elementary
Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls
PR 96.74 96.96 96.87 96.53 96.79 96.81
RR 0.78 0.77 0.78 0.71 0.78 0.75
DR 2.48 2.26 2.34 2.76 2.43 2.44

14. 14
States’ Initiatives and Innovations
• Free Supply of Text books and Note books to all
children studying in I to VIII std in Govt and
Aided schools.
• OOSC Strategies: Special training and
mainstreaming with different strategies like
Summer Bridge Course, Residential Bridge
Courses, Mobile School, Tent schools, etc.
• ‘Special Enrollment Drive’ conducted to bring
back children especially girls, child labour, rag
pickers etc., who have dropped out or long
absent.
• ‘Free education for girls’ is provided to reduce
the drop out rate and encourage girls education.
• ‘Prathiba Karanji’ talent exhibition program for
children

15. 15
States’ Initiatives
• ‘Free Supply of Uniforms’ (Vidya Vikasa
Scheme): One set of uniforms is
provided to all the children from I to X
standard. Another set by SSA to
children from I to VIII
• ‘Bicycles to Students’: In view of the
problems faced by rural girls who come
to school by walk all through, State is
providing Bicycles to all children
studying in 8th Standard in Govt schools.
• School Bags and Note books: Provided
to al SC/ST students.

16. 16
States’ Initiatives
• Mid-Day Meals: Providing hot, cooked, mid-
day meal to all children of classes I to X
standard in Govt and Aided schools across
the State.
• Ksheera Bhagya: Milk to all children
studying in Govt schools; 3 times a week
• Karnataka Darshana: Educational tour for
children
• Free Health check up to all the children of
classes 1 to 10 in Govt Schools.
• Community ownership: Constitution of
SDMCs in each school which helped in the
development of each school.

17. 17
States’ Initiatives
• Social Audit: ‘School Towards
Community Programme’ a social
audit programme carried in 3
designated dates in each year in all
the schools to assess the functioning
of the school
• CWSN Strategy: Awareness and
counselling for Parents, Providing
Aids and Appliances, Establishment
of Resource Rooms, HBE volunteers
for providing individual support for
most disadvantaged children who
can’t attend school.

18. 18
States’ Initiatives
• Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV):
KGBVs has provided an excellent
opportunity for disadvantaged girls to
continue their education. 71 KGBVs &
68 KKGBVs are functional.
• Girls Hostels: Functional under RMSA
for girls who completed 8th Std in
KGBVs.
• Adarsha Vidyalayas under RMSA
• 5 Residential schools for specific
category children for both boys & girls.
• Kitturu Rani Chennamma Residential
Schools functional for SC, ST, OBC girls
under Social welfare dept.

19. 19
States’ Initiatives
• Incentive for girls under RMSA: Rs.3000
credited to the accounts of SC, ST
girls and can be utilised after they
complete 18 years. This scheme is
with the condition that they
complete class 10th and they should
not get married before 18 years.
• Bhagya Lakshmi: Deposit for girls
from BPL families; they get Rs.1
lakh after they complete 18 years
for those who continue their
education without getting married.

20. 20
States’ Initiatives on Gender sensitisation
• Adolescent Programme (Kishori):
Teachers and Young adolescent girls are
sensitised on the issues related to
puberty, menstrual hygiene,
empowerment, child rights, etc. Very
effective programme.
• Meena Programme: Girls collectives
‘Meena teams’ active in schools
spreading awareness on gender related
to issues. Helped in making girls more
participative and to make effort for their
rights.
• Self Defense Skill Training for Girls:
Training on Self Defense skills (Karate)
for Girls studying in Govt High schools.

21. 21
Quality Initiatives
• Nali-Kali Methodology: Activity
Based Learning Programme ‘Nali-
Kali’ is implemented for I and II
std in all the Govt Schools.

22. 22
Quality Initiatives
• Mobile Science Lab: The
Programme is being implemented
with the association of NGOs like
Agasthya Foundation, BGVS,
KRVP implementing the
programme.

23. 23
Quality Initiatives
• CALC Programme: CALC
Programme is being implemented
in 3180 UPS of the State.
Development of content is made
in association with NGOs like
EDC, APF, Intel

24. 24
Quality Initiatives
• Tele Education: Satellite based tele education in 1000
schools.
• Edusat Programme: Edusat programme is being
implemented in 2685 schools of Gulbarga,
Chamrajanagar, Ramanagar and Bangalore Rural dist.
458 video lesson are prepared.
• Radio Programme: Radio
lessons for I to VIII Std are
broadcasted daily from 13
stations of AIR to all the
primary schools of the
State.

25. 25
Successes
• Enrolment share of girls enhanced over
the years.
• Drop out rate of girls has reduced.
• Sex ratio is quite healthy
• Different Govt. Shemes provide ample
opportunities for girls to continue their
education.
• Co-education schools provide better
environment.
• More No. of Female teachers in State
can ensure conducive environment for
girls in schools.
• Success of Kishori and Meena
programmes

26. 26
Challenges
• In spite of many efforts Enrolment
share of girls is not 50%.
• The seven districts of North-Eastern
Karnataka region these indicators
fare low when compared to other
districts.
• Migration of families disturbs the
education of girls.
• Drop out of girls from the families of
socially disadvantaged groups is a
concern.
• Incidences of girl child marriage in
most of the districts.

27. 27
Challenges
• Evil social practices like Devadasi,
prostitution, etc are still prevailing in
few districts.
• Cases of Violence against girl child
• Cases of withdrawing girls from school
when they reach puberty due to social
taboo or lack of infrastructure
facilities like wash room/rest room,
napkins at school.
• Discriminatory practices like in
allocation of work, providing
opportunities, seating arrangement,
etc.
• Branding/labelling of girl children

28. 28
Challenges
• Less scope for participation in
various activities.
• Curtailed freedom for girls in
school, home and society.
• Non-inclusive teaching methodology
• Gender stereo typing in curriculum
• Missing focus on the girls
specifically from vulnerable
background.
• Lack of access to school in remote
areas, where girls face safety issues
to reach school.

29. 29
Challenges
• Lack of awareness among SDMC
regarding gender related issues
• Apathy of teachers, parents,
system towards the education of
girl child.
• Lack of monitoring and
supporting mechanism to ensure
gender equality.
• Lack of awareness among girls on
their rights
• Lack of counselling facilities at
school.

30. . . . . . be the change you want to see
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