7 steps How to prevent Thalassemia : Dr Sharda Jain & Vandana Gupta
Epistaxis
1. Epistaxis
• Bleeding from the nose, is a common
complaint.
• Rarely life threatening .but significant concern,
especially among parents of small children.
• Most benign, self-limiting, and spontaneous,
but some can be recurrent.
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2. Common causes
• Dry, heated, indoor air, which dries out the nasal
membranes and become cracked or crusted and
bleed
• Dry, hot, low-humidity climates, which can dry
out the mucus membranes
• Colds and sinusitis, cause repeated sneezing,
coughing, and nose blowing
• Vigorous nose blowing or nose picking
• The insertion of a foreign object into the nose
• Injury to the nose and/or face
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3. • Allergic and non-allergic rhinitis (inflammation of the
nasal lining)
• Use of drugs that thin the blood (aspirin, non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory medications, warfarin, and others)
• High blood pressure
• Chemical irritants (e.g., cocaine, industrial chemicals,
others)
• Deviated septum (an abnormal shape of the structure
that separates the two sides of the nose)
• Tumors or inherited bleeding disorders (rare)
• Facial and nasal surgery
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5. Medical mx
• Relax
• Sit down and lean body and head slightly
forward. This keep the blood from running
down throat, which can cause nausea,
vomiting, and diarrhea.
• Breathe through mouth.
• Use a tissue or washcloth to catch the blood.
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6. cont
• Use thumb and index finger to pinch anterior
portion of the nose .( apply pressure)It can help
stop bleeding. This area known kiesselbach’s
plexus
• Keep pinching nose continuously for at least 5-10
minutes . If still bleeding, continue for another
10 minutes.
• Apply of ice compresses . It can stopped bleeding
• Can apply of silver nitrate or nasal packing
• Once the bleeding stops, DO NOT blow, rub, or
pick your nose for several days.
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7. • If not stop the bleeding, nasal packing may be
inserted.it should remain 48-72 hrs.
• If posterior portion tends to cause swallowing
of blood.( more common in older)-a posterior
plug may required.
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9. Nursing management
• Monitor for hypoxia if using nasal packing
• Monitor blood pressure.
• Application of water soluble ointment around
the nares to provide lubrication, help alleviate
the discomfort.
• For surgical client observed for addition
bleeding
• Advice open discharge to minimize activity for
10 days.
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