4. •July 29, 1883 – April 28, 1945
•Head of Italian government 1922 – 1943
•Grew up in an environment that was heavily
socialist, republican, and nationalist.
•Leader of multiple political movements
•1914 – Autonomous Fascists
•1917 – Revolutionary Fascists
•1918 – Constituent Fascists
•1919 – Fighting Fascists
•1921 – National Fascist Party
5. WHAT EXACTLY IS FASCISM?
• Concept
• Foundation
• Giovanni Gentile
6. FACTORS THAT LED TO SINGLE
PARTY STATE
• Mussolini believed war was the perfect opportunity
for change.
• Italy’s suffered economic, social, and political
instability because of war.
• The recruitment of the Blackshirts militia.
• Weakness of the government and the collapse of
the Left. (Cook)
7. MUSSOLINI AS A LEADER
Managed
almost all
governmen
t Offices
Control
Economy
Took out
the country
from
economy
turmoil
Became
Known as
“ll Duce”
9. • Mussolini was perceived as the BEST of the
leaders.
• Mussolini’s style of leadership – AUTHORATIVE
& at a certain also EXPERT
• Performed Leadership Roles – Educating,
Communicating & Leading the Change
• Mussolini’s Leadership was a result of Strong
Will – Power & Hardwork
10. • Mussolini was an Autocratic Leader & gained
followers by striking fear into them with his secret
police force
• Mussolini’s followers – some asset, some neutral
& some liabilities
• Mussolini was made leader by King Victor
Emmanuel II
13. 2. RISE TO POWER
Took
Advantage
of poor
condition
Attacked
Vittiorio
Orlando
Black Shirts
Appointed
as Prime
Minister
14. 3. MUSSOLINI AS DICTATOR
• Public-Work Program
• Improving various sectors of Italian Affairs
• Mussolini won jurisdiction of the Vatican through
an agreement with the Papacy.
• Captured capital of Ethiopia.
• Signed non-military alliance with Adolf Hitler and
Nazi Germany
• Invaded and captured Albania
• Pact of Steel with Nazi Germany
15.
16. 4. POST-DISMISSAL ACHIEVEMENTS
• Rescued from prison by Adolf
Hitler and Otto Skorzeny
• Salo Republic
• Arrested and executed five
people that voted against him on
the Fascist Grand Council
19. 1. INVASION FAILURES
• Invaded Ethiopia
• Invaded Greece
• Suffered from war in North Africa
20. 2. FAILURES AS A LEADER
• Dependent on Nazi Germany for survival
• Galaezzo Ciano became dissatisfied with
Mussolini
• Ciano resigned
21. 3. LOSS OF LANDS
• In July 1943, US and British forces attacked Italy
• Great amounts of land were confiscated:
July 10 – Gela, Licata, and Vittoria
July 11 – Pallazolo
July 13 – Augusta
July 14 – Vizzini, Biscani Airfield, and
Niscemi
July 22 – Palermo
22. 4. END OF MUSSOLINI
July 25, 1943 –
Dismissal from office
April 23, 1945 – Allied
Army crossed River Po
at Montua
April 27, 1945 – Was
captured
