Wireless Restuarent Automation

AUTOMATIC RESTAURANT SYSTEM
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Department of E&C, PCE
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Automatic restaurant System is a concept with a new innovative idea in the field of hospitality
Industry. The idea of this automatic system comes to provide fast food facilities. In restaurant
most items are listed in menu by names and customer has to give order to the waiter. In the era
of information technology, human tend to develop better and more convenient lifestyle,
considering these problems we came up with an idea of having digital ordering system.
Automation is the technology concerned with application of mechanical, electronics & computer
based systems to operate & control production. Due to advancement in technology we have seen
atomization of many things. So in today’s world due increased demand and competition we need
to serve the people as user friendly as fast as possible.
This project is about automatic control for food drive through system controlled via
microcontroller and RF transmission system using MAX232 protocol. this system consists of
food drive, consisting of conveyer belt, and hence no manpower is required to operate this food
drive. An ARS is a fast food restaurant system where simple foods and drink are served by
conveyer belt machines. The difference of this automatic control drive through system compared
with the current drive(todays conventional system) is that it requires a few operators to operate
the system.This automatic control drive through system is fully operated by machine, like order
from table machine and conveyor which deliver the food while human only needed and involved
only to prepare the food. if two lanes involved in this system, the machine installed has two order
and payment machines and conveyors which connect to the kitchen and serves the food.
This system consist of two parts one is transmission system and another is receiver
system. Customer who is sitting at the table having transmission part with itself and receiver part
will be operated in the kitchen with help of a display or we can assemble computer for that. As
customer arrives at the table,(table containing transmission remote having separate numeric

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codes which is written on the menu card ) he will order is respective choice through the numeric
codes by entering food code and quantity of the food he want. Then conformation message will
be displayed on the transmission remote display which will be asking for order conformation. If
he wants to cancel the order then he can discard it by just pressing the NO button. Now to conform
the order customer need to press the YES button. By pressing it the RF transmission gets
activated and the signal will be send towards the receiver part (which is placed inside the
kitchen),the received order will then get displayed on the computer screen through RS 232 cable.
Now the cook will prepare the respective order and then through conveyer belt the order will be
delivered to the customer.
The idea behind smart restaurant system is to increase the service quality of a restaurant so that
it will become profitable for the restaurant. The order menu will be provided at the table only so
it will be compatible for the customer .the total amount bill will be displayed by the device at
table .now a days it becomes difficult to serve customer manually at the overcrowded places such
as Macdonald’s so to avoid this problem ARS has been introduced. So this system is working as
the customer come in, selecting order from the table providing a confirmation will be send to the
kitchen. After being received at the kitchen the food will be delivered to the customer through
conveyor belt. so it makes our system more delay free and hence faster.
Due to advancement in technology we have seen atomization of many things. So in
today’s world due increased demand and competition we need to serve the people as user friendly
as fast as possible. This project is about automatic control for food drive through system
controlled via microcontroller and RF transmission system using MAX232 protocol.
This system consists of food drive, consisting of conveyer belt, and hence no manpower
is required to operate this food drive. An ARS is a fast food restaurant system where simple foods
and drink are served by conveyer belt machines. The difference of this automatic control drive
through system compared with the current drive (todays conventional system) is that it requires
a few operators to operate the system.

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Figure1.1 Delivering of food using conveyor belt
1.2 NEED OF AUTOMATIC SYSTEM
1. Restaurant need to hire more waiters to maintain their reputation.
2. Service restaurant slow.
3. Restaurant need to pay their employee every month.
4. Basic wage of employee increase in country recently.
1.3 CAPABILITIES OF SMART RESTAURANT SYSTEM
1. To increase service quality of a restaurant.
2. The total amount bill will display by the device at table.
3. Customer order menu at the table by itself.
4. Food and drink sent by waiter shortly.
5. Menu shown on the device will send to kitchen.
1.4 OBJECTIVES
1. Encourage of restaurant to use modern technology system.
2. Reduce mistake made by waiters.
3. Increase Customer Comfortability.
4. Customer can take their time when order the menu.
5. Reduce labour into a minimum needed.
6. Reduce monthly cost to pay the employee

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CHAPTER 2
PROJECT OVERVIEW
2.1. INTRODUCTION
Usually when we go to any restaurant for dinner wait-staff/server provides us with the menu
book, take our orders serve us in the best way they can. But most of the time item is listed in the
menu by names only. They don’t have brief or detailed description so fearing how would they
test, what would be the ingredients, whether we will like it or not & several other thoughts, we
end up eating/ordering regular items (familiar foods) even though we are willing to experiment
different cuisines. Citing these problems we have come up with the idea of having a digital
ordering system. This is a microcontroller based system having a Keypad. The concept is we can
browse the menus/sub-menus by jus fingertip. The items would be well defined & descripted
(along with price etc.). We can select the items from the various categories like- starter, veg.,
non-veg, drinks, ice-creams, desserts etc. & place the order by just a finger touch and the desired
order will be served over a conveyer belt to the particular customer table without any serving
staff interference.
2.2. FEATURES
The features of microcontroller can be summarized as:
a) Designs may be decomposed hierarchically.
b) Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
c) Three-level Program Memory Lock
d) Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
e) Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes
f) Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode
g) Fast Programming Time
h) Flexible ISP Programming (Byte and Page Mode)
i) Green (Pb/Halide-free) Packaging Option

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2.3. CIRCUIT OF AUTOMATIC RESTAURANT SYSTEM
2.3.1 TRANSMITTER PART
Figure 2.1 Circuit diagram of TRANSMITTER PART
2.3.2 RECEIVER PART
Figure 2.2 Circuit diagram of RECEIVER PART

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2.4. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
This system consist of two part one is transmitter part another is receiver part. Transmitter part
consist of a 8051 micro controller, 16 *2 numeric lcd,RF transmitter, power supply , matrix
keypad and antenna .and the receiver part consist of 8051 microcontroller, MAX 232 IC, personal
computer, RF receiver, power supply , motor driver IC L293D,covear belt and receiver antenna.
In the transmission part input from customer (food number and food quantity number)
will be given through a hex keypad mounted on the customer table itself . it will be having a 2
bit array containing order number and quantity saved through microcontroller. For displaying
what customer is ordering, an LCD has been interfaced with the microcontroller. After an order
has been made it will be send via a RF transmission circuit.
These RF modules help us in sending and receiving the data wirelessly up to certain
distance. This provides us the ease of wireless data transferring. There are many forms of wireless
technologies which can transfer the data such as Bluetooth modules, ZigBee modules, and Wi-
Fi modules. RF is one of them. It’s a lot cheaper and works quite well for small scale projects.
These modules are really easy to deal with. They just require the data to be transferred serially
and VCC+GND supply of course. This project uses the encoder/decoder IC (HT12E/D) as well
to transfer the parallel 4 bit data serially. Now what’s happening in this project, a 4X4 keypad
send the signals to the microcontroller on pressing any digit. The microcontroller then analyses
the digit pressed and sends the corresponding 4 bit data to the encoder which further sends the
serially packed data to the RF transmitter part. This was the transmitter part of my project.
Now the data transmitted through the Tx part will be received at the receiver situated at
the kitchen from where the order has to be placed.
Talking about the receiver’s end; the RF Receiver part receives the signals from the
previous transmitter in serial format. These signals are then fed to the decoder IC which
parallelises the data into 4 bits so that they can be read by the microcontroller to perform further
operations. When a 4 bit data is received by the microcontroller it analyses it and then displays
the corresponding character value on 16X2 LCD.

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After the food has been prepared, it will be sent to the costumer table through conveyer
belt by pressing enter switch on the hyper terminal. For this a conveyor has been attached to the
micro controller with the table using L293D motor driving IC . Two motor has been employed
along with the conveyor belt operating through L293D motor driving IC. So the food could be
delivered to the table involving back an forth movement of conveyor belt.
2.5. INTRODUCTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS
2.5.1. MICROCONTROLLER
A microcontroller (sometimes abbreviated µC, uC or MCU) is a small computer on a single
integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output
peripherals. Program memory in the form of NOR flash or OTP ROM is also often included on
chip, as well as a typically small amount of RAM. Microcontrollers are designed for embedded
applications, in contrast to the microprocessors used in personal computers or other general
purpose applications.
Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices, such as
automobile engine control systems, implantable medical devices, remote controls, office
machines, appliances, power tools, toys and other embedded systems. By reducing the size and
cost compared to a design that uses a separate microprocessor, memory, and input/output devices,
microcontrollers make it economical to digitally control even more devices and processes. Mixed
signal microcontrollers are common, integrating analog components needed to control non -
digital electronic systems.
Some microcontrollers may use four-bit words and operate at clock rate frequencies as
low as 4 kHz, for low power consumption (single-digit mill watts or microwatts). They will
generally have the ability to retain functionality while waiting for an event such as a button press
or other interrupt; power consumption while sleeping (CPU clock and most peripherals off) may
be just nano watts, making many of them well suited for long lasting battery applications. Other
microcontrollers may serve performance-critical roles, where they may need to act more like a
digital signal processor (DSP), with higher clock speeds and power consumption.

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2.5.2. LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED):
A LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE (LED) is a semiconductor light source. The color of the light
is determined by the energy gap of the semiconductor.
PRINCIPLE:
When a light-emitting diode is forward biased electrons are able to recombine with electron
holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called
electroluminescence. Electroluminescence is an optical and electrical phenomenon in which a
material emits light in response to the passage of an electric current or to a strong electric field.
The wavelength of the light emitted, and thus its color depends on the band gap energy of the
materials forming the p-n junction. The materials used for the LED have a direct band gap with
energies corresponding to near-infrared, visible or near-ultraviolet light.
Figure 2.3 Working of LED

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Figure 2.4 Working LED on a Practical Circuit Board
CONSTRUCTION:
LEDs are usually built on an n-type substrate, with an electrode attached to the p-type layer
deposited on its surface. P-type substrates, while less common, occur as well. Many commercial
LEDs, especially GaN/InGaN, also use sapphire substrate. Most materials used for LED
production have very high refractive indices. Light extraction in LEDs is an important aspect of
LED production.
2.5.3. DISPLAY:
A seven-segment display, is a electronic display device for displaying decimal numerals. A
seven segment display is composed of seven elements. Individually on or off, they can be
combined to produce simplified representations of the Arabic numerals.
The set values and the selected time intervals are shown on the 7-segment display. There
are two types of displays available. One is common anode type display and the other is common
cathode type display.

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Figure 2.5 Seven- Segment Display
In common cathode type display all the cathodes of the segments are tied together .The set values
and the selected time intervals are shown on the 7-segment display. There are two types of
displays available. One is common anode type display and the other is common cathode type
display. In common cathode type display all the cathodes of the segments are tied together and
connected to ground. The supply will be given to the required segment from the decoder or
driver.
In a simple LED package, typically all of the cathodes (negative terminals) or all of the
anodes (positive terminals) of the segment LEDs are connected together and brought out to a
common pin; this is referred to as a "common cathode" or "common anode" device. Hence a 7
segment plus decimal point package will only require nine pins. A single byte can encode the
full state of a 7-segment-display.

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Figure 2.6 Common Cathode Working Circuit
In this project common anode type display (H101A) is used. Port 1 is used for the seven segment
data. The seven segments are arranged as a rectangle of two vertical segments on each side with
one horizontal segment on the top, middle, and bottom. Additionally, the seventh segment bisects
the rectangle horizontally.
In a simple LED package, typically all of the cathodes (negative terminals) or all of the
anodes (positive terminals) of the segment LEDs are connected together and brought out to a
common pin; this is referred to as a "common cathode" or "common anode" device. Hence a 7
segment plus decimal point package will only require nine pins. A single byte can encode the full
state of a 7-segment-display. The most popular bit encodings are gfedcba and abcdefg - both
usually assume 0 is off and 1 is on.

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Figure 2.7 Circuit diagram Of Seven-Segment Display
Table 2.1 Hexadecimal Encodings For Displaying The Digits 0 To 9

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2.5.4. IR TRANSMITTER & RECEIVER:
The purpose of the transmitter is to transform the information we want to send into a signal that
can be propagated by the channel. In the case of our wired copper channel, this means we want
the information to be transformed into a modulated voltage level, something like the pulse train.
For a wireless channel, however, the transmitter needs to encode the information onto an EM
wave that can be easily propagated.
Figure 2.8 Receiver IC
The QBT37-XXX and QBR37-XXX are miniature narrow band transmitter and
receiver UHF radio modules, which enable the implementation of a simple telemetry link
at data rates up to 20Kbits/s. Available for operation between 433.075 and 434.725 MHz
in 50KHz steps these modules give the possibility of 34 different frequency channels and
are able to transmit at distances of up to 400m. The QBT37-XXX and QBR37-XXX
modules will suit one-to-one and multi-node wireless links in applications including
building and car security, remote industrial process monitoring and computer networking.
Because of their small size and low power requirements, both modules are ideal for use
in portable battery powered wireless.

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TRANSMITTER
a. Analogue And Digital Inputs
b. 10mw RF Output Power (100mw Optional)
c. Narrow Band Crystal Stabilised
d. Small Form Factor
RECEIVER
a. Data & Af Out
b. CD Implemented On Data Output
c. RSSI Output
d. Selective Ceramic If Filters
FEATURES
a. Miniature Module
b. FM Narrow Band Modulation
c. Optimal Range 400m
d. Operates Within 433 Licence Free Band
e. 34 Channels Available
f. Single Supply Voltage
APPLICATIONS
a. In Vehicle Telemetry Systems
b. Wireless Networking
c. Domestic And Commercial Wireless Security Systems
d. Panic Attack Facility

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2.6. BLOCK DIAGRAM
Figure 2.9 Block Diagram of TRANSMITTER PART
2.6.2 RECEIVER PART
Figure 2.10 Block Diagram of RECEIVER PART

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2.7. PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
Figure 2.11 WORK PLAN
1. METHODOLOGY
The main aim of minor project development is to elucidate an area where the students can do
some R&D in near future or it’s the area of their interest. Along with this, one develops his soft
as well as technical skills. The very first step is to gather information about the topics related to
the project as much as one can and present them in a way that is understandable by everyone.
The second step is PROTEUS Simulation of the selected project to check out its physical
feasibility and gather more information on technical specific parameters before the actual
realizing the hardware. The third step is comes into action after the successful implementation
of the second step. Here, the circuit or the PCB Layout will be designed that can be imprinted
over the PCB for hardware realization. The circuit designed must be accurate and minimized
such that it takes least use of jumper wires or no jumpers at all. The fourth step is PCB designing
and component mounting. Using minimum amount of soldering flux and proper soldering is
recommended for the proper functioning of hardware. The last step is to check out the occurring
or probable bugs from the designed project.
Synopsis and
Seminar Presentation
Circuit Simulation
on PROTEUS
Circuit Designing
on Dip Trace
Component Purchasing
And PCB Designing
Error Debugging

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2. REQUIREMENTS
I) PROGRAMMER SKILLS
1. BASCOM compiler 2.0 or 3.0 for coding of micro-controller 8051.
II) HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
1. AT89S52 Microcontroller
2. Voltage Regulator:
3. Capacitor Filter:
4. Light Emitting Diodes (LED'S)
III) END-USER SKILLS
1. Basic operating of computer.
2. Using DipTrace and Proteus softwares with ease.
IV) SYSTEM REQUIREMENT
1. Computer with Windows XP or Higher Version, RAM 512 or greater,
2.8. CONCLUSION
Details of the circuit diagram and Block diagram plays an important role in the project
development specially in the second, third and fourth steps. Integrating features of all the
hardware components used have developed it. Presence of every module has been reasoned out
and placed carefully thus contributing to the best working of the unit.

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CHAPTER 3
MAIN COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
3.1. INTRODUCTION
The whole project may be divided into two stages. The first stage corresponds to the development
of the Proteus simulation and making hex code which further needs to be simulated using
simulator tools. Afterwards, the second stage of the project deals with the implementation of the
project on the hardware level or the synthesizing the project.
3.2 MICROCONTROLLER 8051 ARCHITECTURE
It is 8-bit microcontroller, means MC 8051 can Read, Write and Process 8 bit data. This
is mostly used microcontroller in the robotics, home appliances like mp3 player, washing
machines, electronic iron and industries. Mostly used blocks in the architecture of 8051
are as follows:
Figure 3.1 Architecture of MICROCONTROLLER 8051

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3.2.1 128 BYTE RAM FOR DATA STORAGE
MC 8051 has 128 byte Random Access memory for data storage. Random access memory
is non-volatile memory. During execution for storing the data the RAM is used. RAM
consists of the register banks, stack for temporary data storage. It also consists of some
special function register (SFR) which are used for some specific purpose like timer, input
output ports etc. Normally microcontroller has 256 byte RAM in which 128 byte is used
for user space which is normally Register banks and stack. But other 128 byte RAM which
consists of SFRs. We will discuss the RAM in detail in next section. Now what is the
meaning of 128 byte RAM. What are address range which is provided for data storage.
We know that 128 byte = 27 byte.
Since 27 bytes so last 7 bits can be changed so total locations are from 00H to 7F
H. This procedure of calculating the memory address is called as “memory mapping”. We
can save data on memory locations from 00H to 7FH. Means total 128 byte space from
00H to 7FH is provided for data storage.
3.2.2 ROM (4KB)
In 8051, 4KB read only memory (ROM) is available for program storage. This is used for
permanent data storage. Or the data which is not changed during the processing like the
program or algorithm for specific applications. This is volatile memory; the data saved in
this memory does not disappear after power failure. We can interface up to 64KB ROM
memory externally if the application is large. These sizes are specified different by their
companies.
Figure 3.2 Data functioning in ROM of MICROCONTROLLER 8051

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Address Range of PC: Address range of PC means program counter (which points the
next instruction to be executing) can be moved between these locations or we can save
the program from this location to this location. The address range can be calculated in
the same way just like the RAM which is discussed in previous section.
4KB = 22 ◊ 210 B (since 1KB = 210 B) = 212 Byte
3.2.3 ADDRESS
Difference between RAM and ROM
• RAM is used for data storage while ROM is used for program storage.
• Data of RAM can be changed during processing while data of ROM can’t be changed
during processing.
• We can take an example of calculator. If we want to perform addition of two numbers
then we type the two numbers in calculator, this is saved in the RAM, but the Algorithms
by which the calculation is performed is saved in the ROM. Data which is given by us
to calculator can be changed but the algorithm or program by which calculation is
performed can’t be changed. Timers and Counters. Timer means which can give the
delay of particular time between some events.
For example on or off the lights after every 2 sec. This delay can be
provided through some assembly program but in microcontroller two hardware pins are
available for delay generation. These hardware pins can be also used for counting some
external events. How much times a number is repeated in the given table is calculated
by the counter.
• In MC8051, two timer pins are available T0 and T1, by these timers we can give the
delay of particular time if we use these in timer mode.
• We can count external pulses at these pins if we use these pins in counter mode.
• 16 bits timers are available. Means we can generate delay between 0000H
to FFFFH.
• Two special function registers are available.
• If we want to load T0 with 16 bit data then we can load separate lower 8 bit
in TL0 and higher 8 bit in TH0. In the same way for T1.
• TMOD, TCON registers are used for controlling timer operation.

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3.2.4 Serial Port
• There are two pins available for serial communication TXD and RXD.
• Normally TXD is used for transmitting serial data which is in SBUF register, RXD is
used for receiving the serial data.
• SCON register is used for controlling the operation.
• There are four modes of serial communication.
3.2.5 Input Output Ports
• There are four input output ports available P0, P1, P2, P3.
• Each port is 8 bit wide and has special function register P0, P1, P2, P3 which are bit
addressable means each bit can be set or reset by the Bit instructions (SETB for high,
CLR for low) independently.
• The data at any port which is transmitting or receiving is in these registers.
• The port 0 can perform dual works. It is also used as Lower order address bus (A0 to
A7) multiplexed with 8 bit data bus P0.0 to P0.7 is AD0 to AD7 respectively the address
bus and data bus is demultiplex by the ALE signal and latch which is further discussed
in details.
• Port 2 can be used as I/O port as well as higher order address bus A8 to
A15.
• Port 3 also have dual functions it can be worked as I/O as well as each pin
of P3 has specific function.
P3.0 – RXD – Serial I / P for Asynchronous communication Serial O / P for synchronous
communication.
P3.1 – TXD – Serial data transmit.
P3.2 – INT0 – External Interrupt 0.
P3.3 – INT1 – External Interrupt 1.
P3.4 – T0 – Clock input for counter 0.
P3.5 – T1 – Clock input for counter 1.
P3.6 – WR – Signal for writing to external memory.
P3.7 – RD – Signal for reading from external memory.

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When external memory is interfaced with 8051 then P0 and P2 can’t be worked as I/O
port they works as address bus and data bus, otherwise they can be accessed as I/O ports.
3.2.6 Oscillator
• It is used for providing the clock to MC8051 which decides the speed or baud rate of
MC.
• We use crystal which frequency vary from 4MHz to 30 MHz, normally we use 11.0592
MHz frequency.
3.2.7 Interrupts
• Interrupts are defined as requests because they can be refused (masked) if they are not
used, that is when an interrupt is acknowledged. A special set of events or routines are
followed to handle the interrupts.
Figure 3.3 Pin Diagram of MICROCONTROLLER 8051

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These special routines are known as interrupt handler or interrupt service routines (ISR).
These are located at a special location in memory.
• INT0 and INT1 are the pins for external interrupts.
3.3 MINIMUM HARDWARE COMPONENT
3.3.1. CRYSTAL OSCILLATORS
A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a
vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a very precise
frequency. This frequency is commonly used to keep track of time (as in quartz wristwatches),
to provide a stable clock signal for digital integrated circuits, and to stabilize frequencies for
radio transmitters and receivers. The most common type of piezoelectric resonator used is the
quartz crystal, so oscillator circuits incorporating them became known as crystal oscillators, but
other piezoelectric materials including polycrystalline ceramics are used in similar circuits.
This image show a 8MHz crystal oscillator commonly used in microcontrollers and
microprocessors. Although the crystal has electromechanical resonance, we can represent the
crystal action by an equivalent electrical resonant circuit as show below. The inductance and
capacitance L1 and C1 represents electrical equivalents of crystal mass and compliance, while
the resistance R1 represents the friction of crystal’s internal structure and C0 represents the
capacitance formed due to mechanical moulding of the crystal.
Quartz crystals are manufactured for frequencies from a few tens of kilohertz to hundreds
of megahertz. More than two billion crystals are manufactured annually. Most are used for
consumer devices such as wristwatches, clocks, radios, computers, and cell phones. Quartz
crystals are also found inside test and measurement equipment, such as counters, signal
generators, and oscilloscopes.
From the circuit we can find that it can have two resonant frequencies, series resonance
and parallel resonance. Series resonance occurs when the reactances produced by capacitance
C1 and inductance L1 becomes equal and opposite.

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Figure 3.4 Crystal Oscillator and Its Electrical Representation
Thus during this condition impedance is very low, equal to resistance R1. Parallel
resonance occurs when the reactance of series resonant leg becomes equal to reactance produced
by capacitance C0. During this condition the crystal offers very high impedance to the external
circuit. Impedance versus frequency graph is shown below.

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Figure 3.5 Output Waveform
3.3.2 POWER SUPPLY
The power supplies are designed to convert high voltage AC mains electricity to a suitable low
voltage supply for electronic circuits and other devices. A power supply can by broken down into
a series of blocks, each of which performs a particular function. A d.c power supply which
maintains the output voltage constant irrespective of a.c mains fluctuations or load variations is
known as “Regulated D.C Power Supply”
Figure 3.6 5V REGULATED POWER SUPPLY

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3.3.3 Voltage Regulator
Voltage regulator ICs is available with fixed (typically 5, 12 and 15V) or variable output voltages.
The maximum current they can pass also rates them. Negative voltage regulators are available,
mainly for use in dual supplies. Most regulators include some automatic protection from
excessive current ('overload protection') and overheating ('thermal protection'). Many of the fixed
voltage regulator ICs have 3 leads and look like power transistors, such as the 7805 +5V 1A
regulator shown on the right. The LM7805 is simple to use. You simply connect the positive lead
of your unregulated DC power supply (anything from 9VDC to 24VDC) to the Input pin, connect
the negative lead to the Common pin and then when you turn on the power, you get a 5 volt
supply from the output pin.
Figure 3.7 EXAMPLE CIRCUIT SHOWING 5V DC OUTPUT
3.3.4 CAPACITOR
A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical component
used to store energy electro statically in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary
widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors (plates) separated by a dielectric (i.e.
insulator). The conductors can be thin films, foils or sintered beads of metal or conductive
electrolyte, etc. The "non-conducting" dielectric acts to increase the capacitor's charge capacity.
A dielectric can be glass, ceramic, plastic film, air, vacuum, paper, mica, oxide layer etc.

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Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices.
Unlike a resistor, an ideal capacitor does not dissipate energy. Instead, a capacitor stores energy
in the form of an electrostatic field between its plates.
When there is a potential difference across the conductors (e.g., when a capacitor is
attached across a battery), an electric field develops across the dielectric, causing positive charge
+Q to collect on one plate and negative charge −Q to collect on the other plate. If a battery has
been attached to a capacitor for a sufficient amount of time, no current can flow through the
capacitor. However, if a time-varying voltage is applied across the leads of the capacitor, a
displacement current can flow. An ideal capacitor is characterized by a single constant value for
its capacitance. Capacitance is expressed as the ratio of the electric charge Q on each conductor
to the potential difference V between them. The SI unit of capacitance is the farad (F), which is
equal to one coulomb per volt (1 C/V). Typical capacitance values range from about 1 pF
(10−12
F) to about 1 mF (10−3
F).
The capacitance is greater when there is a narrower separation between conductors and
when the conductors have a larger surface area. In practice, the dielectric between the plates
passes a small amount of leakage current and also has an electric field strength limit, known as
the breakdown voltage. The conductors and leads introduce an undesired inductance and
resistance. Capacitors are widely used in electronic circuits for blocking direct current while
allowing alternating current to pass. In analog filter networks, they smooth the output of power
supplies. In resonant circuits they tune radios to particular frequencies. In electric power
transmission systems, they stabilize voltage and power flow.
Figure 3.8 Capacitor Symbols

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3.3.5 LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (LED'S)
Figure 3.9 LED Symbols
3.3.5.1 FUNCTION
LEDs emit light when an electric current passes through them.
Figure 3.10 LED Symbols (Indicating flag as negative)
3.3.5.2 CONNECTING AND SOLDERING
LEDs must be connected the correct way round, the diagram may be labelled a or + for anode
and k or - for cathode (yes, it really is k, not c, for cathode!). The cathode is the short lead and
there may be a slight flat on the body of round LEDs. If you can see inside the LED the cathode
is the larger electrode (but this is not an official identification method). LEDs can be damaged
by heat when soldering, but the risk is small unless you are very slow. No special precautions are
needed for soldering most LEDs.

29
3.3.5.3 TESTING AN LED
1. Never connect an LED directly to a battery or power supply.
2. It will be destroyed almost instantly because too much current will pass through and burn
it out.
3. LEDs must have a resistor in series to limit the current to a safe value, for quick testing
purposes a 1k resistor is suitable for most LEDs if your supply voltage is 12V or less.
3.3.6 IR LED
3.3.6.1 DESCRIPTION
The QED233 / QED234 is a 940 nm GaAs/AlGaAs LED encapsulated in a clear untinted,
plastic T-1 3/4 package.
Figure 3.11 IR LED

30
3.3.6.2 FEATURES
1. Lambda= 940 nm
2. Chip material =GaAs with AlGaAs window
3. Package type: T-1 3/4 (5mm lens diameter)
4. Matched Photo sensor: QSD122/123/124
5. Medium Emission Angle, 40°
6. High Output Power
7. Package material and color: Clear, untinted, plastic
8. Ideal for remote control applications
3.3.7 IC HT12D
Features
1. Operating voltage: 2.4V~12V
2. Low power and high noise immunity CMOS technology
3. Low standby current Capable of decoding 12 bits of information
4. Binary address setting
5. Received codes are checked 3 times
6. Address/Data number combination
HT12D: 8 address bits and 4 data bits
HT12F: 12 address bits only
7. Built-in oscillator needs only 5% resistor
8. Valid transmission indicator
9. Easy interface with an RF or an infrared transmission medium
10. Minimal external components
11. 18-pin DIP, 20-pin SOP package
Applications
1. Burglar alarm system
2. Smoke and fire alarm system
3. Garage door controllers

31
4. Car door controllers
5. Car alarm system
6. Security system
7. Cordless telephones
8. Other remote control systems
Fig 3.12 IC HT12D
3.3.8 HT12E
Features
1. Operating voltage
a) 2.4V~5V for the HT12A
b) 2.4V~12V for the HT12E
2. Low power and high noise immunity CMOS technology
3. Low standby current: 0.1micro A at VDD=5V

32
4. HT12A with a 38kHz carrier for infrared transmission medium
5. Minimum transmission word
Four words for the HT12E
One word for the HT12A
6. Built-in oscillator needs only 5% resistor
7. Data code has positive polarity
8. Minimal external components
9. HT12E: 18-pin DIP/20-pin SOP package
Applications
1. Burglar alarm system
2. Smoke and fire alarm system
3. Garage door controllers
4. Car door controllers
5. Car alarm system
6. Security system
7. Cordless telephones
8. Other remote control systems
Fig 3.13 IC HT12E

33
CHAPTER 4
FLOW CHART
4.1 TRANSMITTER PART
Fig 4.1 Flowchart of transmission model

34
4.2 RECEIVER PART
Fig 4.2 Flowchart of receiver model

35
CAPTER 5
LAYOUT AND PCB DESIGNING
5.1 DIPTRACE LAYOUTS FOR AUTOMATIC RESTAURANT
SYSTEM
Figure 5.1 Dip Trace Layout Transmitter Part

36
5.1.2 RECEIVER PART
Figure 5.2 Dip Trace Layout Receiver Part

37
5.2 PROTEUS CIRCUITS
Figure 5.2 Proteus Circuit Of AUTOMATIC RESTAURANT
SYSTEM

38
CHAPTER 6
FUTURE SCOPE AND APPLICATIONS
6.1 FUTURE SCOPE
By using such systems at the restaurants, it will be easy and much comfortable to place any kind
of order of our choice for both customers' as well as for the management staff. However it will
also minimize manual service given by waiters and serving staff, thus eliminating the human
mistakes. This system will also help the customers to place right order for any kind of cuisine by
simply browsing and survey about the various dishes before placing an order and can come to
know about their ingredients, which in turn will help them to have their choice of Food/Dish
without having any confusion and can enjoy their meals satisfactorily.
6.2 APPLICATIONS
a. Remote Controls
b. Automation System
c. Wireless Security System
d. Sensor Reporting
e. Car Security System
f. Remote Keyless Entry
g. Bottom of Form

39
CHAPTER 7
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
7.1 ADVANTAGES OF AUTOMATIC RESTAURANT
Eating is one of the human’s activities that it is enjoyable. There are many kinds of food available
to eat, no exception is fast food. Fast food is a kind of meal which is prepared or served quickly.
Some people argue that by eating fast food in automatic restaurant, they may get the advantages
and disadvantages. These reasons will be illustrated here
a. Quality:
automatic restaurant have the capacity to dramatically improve product quality. Applications
are performed with precision and high repeatability every time. This level of consistency
can be hard to achieve any other way.
b. Production:
With automation, throughput speeds increase, which directly impacts production. Because
a conveyer belt has the ability to work at a constant speed without pausing for breaks, sleep,
vacations, it has the potential to produce more than a human worker.
c. Safety:
automation increase workplace safety. Workers are moved to supervisory roles where they
no longer have to perform dangerous applications in hazardous settings.
d. Savings:
Improved worker safety leads to financial savings. There are fewer healthcare and insurance
concerns for employers. Automated restaurant also offer untiring performance which saves
valuable time. Their movements are always exact, minimizing material waste.

40
7.2 DISADVANTAGES OF AUTOMATIC RESTAURANT:
a. Expense
The initial investment to automatic restaurant into your business is significant, especially
when business owners are limiting their purchases to new equipment. The cost
of automation should be calculated in light of a business' greater financial budget. Regular
maintenance needs can have a financial toll as well.
b. Difficult to Believe
Incorporating automatic restaurant does not guarantee results. Without planning, companies
can have difficulty achieving their goals.
c. Expertise
Employees will require training program and interact with the new automated equipment.
This normally takes time and financial output.
Fig 7.1 Advantages and Disadvantages Of Automatic Restaurant System

41
CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION
8.1. CONCLUSION
Wireless technology is becoming more and more popular because of its low cost and ease-of-
use. This technology allows us a faster and more convenient access to the world. RFid technology
provides the world with a variety of wireless applications. The Restaurant Automation not only
gives the customers an insight into how their food is being prepared but also the nutritional
content that it carries. It is amazing that the customers can actually see their food even before it’s
delivered to them. The Restaurant automation is a revolutionary concept & is sure to take people
by surprise. It will undoubtedly change the way people dine & their dining habits. It would lead
to increased revenues; give the customer a better insight into the kind of food they wish to have,
give them a great touch experienced.

42
REFERENCES
[1]. Geoff Walker(2012) “Fundamentals of RF Technologies” Revised Edition California university
IEEE(2012)
[2]. William F. “Egan Practical RF system design” Wiley-IEEE(2003)
[3]. John Fairall ,An introduction to “Automatic restaurant”p.g142-144 America journal (2002),
[4]. Scott Edwards, Basics of LCD Electronics Corporation Ltd.IEEE (2003)
[5]. J. Purnama, et al.“Application of Order Management System in Restaurants”, Seminar Nasional
Aplikasi Teknologi Informasi 2007, Yogyakarta, 16 June 2007 (SNATI 2007) ISSN: 1907-
5022.
[6]. N. A. Samsudin et al., “Customizable Wireless Food ordering System with Real time customer
feed-back ”.2011 IEEE Symposium on Wireless Technology & applications(ISWTA),
September 25-28,2011, Langkawi, Malaysia.
.

43
ANNEXURE
PROGRAM CODE
TRANSMITTER CODE
#include<reg52.h>
sbit rs=P1^0; //LCD control pins
sbit en=P1^1; //LCD control pins
sbit yes=P3^1; //Confirmation switches
sbit no =P3^0; //
/*Hex keypad connection pins*/
sbit r1 = P1 ^ 4; // row1
sbit r2 = P1 ^ 3; // row2
sbit r3 = P1 ^ 2; // row3
sbit c1 = P1 ^ 5; // column1
void delay(unsigned int time); // time delay function in mili second
void lcd_cmd(unsigned char x1); // LCD command sending function
void lcd_data(unsigned char x2); // LCD data sending function
void string(unsigned char *str); // string display function

44
/*Keypad column scanning functions for order*/
void check_c1();
void check_c2();
void check_c3();
/*Keypad column scanning functions for quantity*/
void check_c1e();
void check_c2e();
void check_c3e();
int k=0;
char store[2]; //empty array to store order no. and quantity
void main()
{
start:
yes=no=0;
P2=0x00;
/*LCD initialization functions*/
lcd_cmd(0x38); //8 bit initialize, 5x7 character font, 16x2 display
lcd_cmd(0x0c); //lcd on, cursor off(hidden cursor)
lcd_cmd(0x06); //right shift cursor automatically after each character is displayed
lcd_cmd(0x01); // to clear lcd
lcd_cmd(0x82); // cursor position on lcd display in first line third place

45
string("Kindly place");
lcd_cmd(0xc3);
string("your order");
delay(200);
lcd_cmd(0x01);
lcd_cmd(0x80);
string("Order Quantity");
/*first infinit loop to scan hex keypad for order*/
while(1)
{
r1=r2=r3=0;
c1=c2=c3=1;
if(c1==0)
{
check_c1();
goto down;
}
else if(c2==0)
{
check_c2();
goto down;
}

46
else if(c3==0)
{
check_c3();
goto down;
}
}
/*second infinit loop to scan hex keypad for quantity*/
while(1)
{
down:
r1=r2=r3=0;
c1=c2=c3=1;
if(c1==0)
{
check_c1e();
goto final;
}
else if(c2==0)
{
check_c2e();
goto final;

47
}
else if(c3==0)
{
check_c3e();
goto final;
}
}
/*third infinit loop to scan switches for confirmation*/
while(1)
{
final:
lcd_cmd(0x01);
string(" Are You Sure ?");
lcd_cmd(0xc4);
string("Yes No");
while(yes==0&&no==0);
if(yes==1)
{
lcd_cmd(0x01);
lcd_cmd(0x80);
string("Order no.");
lcd_cmd(0x89);

48
lcd_data(store[0]); // displaying order no. on lcd from first position of stored
array
lcd_cmd(0xc0);
string("Quantity");
lcd_cmd(0xc9);
lcd_data(store[1]); // displaying quantity. on lcd from first position of stored
array
P2=store[0]; //sending first value of stored array on port2 for transmitter
module
delay(50);
P2=store[1]; //sending second value of stored array on port2 for transmitter
module
delay(50);
lcd_cmd(0x01);
lcd_cmd(0x82);
string("Order placed");
lcd_cmd(0xc4);
string("Thank you");
delay(150);
goto start;

49
}
if(no==1)
{
P2=0x00;
lcd_cmd(0x01);
string("Order canceled");
lcd_cmd(0xc0);
string(" Try again");
delay(100);
goto start;
}
}
}
void delay(unsigned int time)
{
unsigned int i,j;
for(i=1;i<=time;i++)
for(j=1;j<=1275;j++);
}
void lcd_data(unsigned char x2)
{
P0=x2;

50
rs=1;
en=1;
delay(2);
en=0;
}
void lcd_cmd(unsigned char x1)
{
P0=x1;
rs=0;
en=1;
delay(2);
en=0;
}
void string(unsigned char *str)
{
while(*str!='0')
{
lcd_data(*str);
str++;
}
}

51
/*column scanning for order*/
void check_c1()
{
r1=0;
r2=r3=1;
if(c1==0)
{
lcd_cmd(0xc0);
string("Coffee");
store[k++]='1';
delay(50);
}
r2=0;
r1=r3=1;
if(c1==0)
{
lcd_cmd(0xc0);
string("Pizza");
store[k++]='4';
delay(20);
}
r3=0;

52
r1=r2=1;
if(c1==0)
{
lcd_cmd(0xc0);
string("Burger");
store[k++]='7';
delay(20);
}
}
void check_c2()
{
r1=0;
r2=r3=1;
if(c2==0)
{
lcd_cmd(0xc0);
string("Sandwich");
store[k++]='2';
delay(20);
}
r2=0;

53
r1=r3=1;
if(c2==0)
{
lcd_cmd(0xc0);
string("Ice Cream");
store[k++]='5';
delay(20);
}
r3=0;
r1=r2=1;
if(c2==0)
{
lcd_cmd(0xc0);
string("Patties");
store[k++]='8';
delay(20);
}
}
void check_c3()
{
r1=0;
r2=r3=1;

54
if(c3==0)
{
lcd_cmd(0xc0);
string("Tomato soup");
store[k++]='3';
delay(20);
}
r2=0;
r1=r3=1;
if(c3==0)
{
lcd_cmd(0xc0);
string("Coke");
store[k++]='6';
delay(20);
}
r3=0;
r1=r2=1;
if(c3==0)
{
lcd_cmd(0xc0);
string("Hot Dog");

55
store[k++]='9';
delay(20);
}
}
/*column scanning for quantity*/
void check_c1e()
{
r1=0;
r2=r3=1;
if(c1==0)
{
lcd_cmd(0xcd);
lcd_data('1');
store[k++]='1';
delay(40);
}
r2=0;
r1=r3=1;
if(c1==0)
{
lcd_cmd(0xcd);
lcd_data('4');

56
store[k++]='4';
delay(40);
}
r3=0;
r1=r2=1;
if(c1==0)
{
lcd_cmd(0xcd);
lcd_data('7');
store[k++]='7';
delay(40);
}
}
void check_c2e()
{
r1=0;
r2=r3=1;
if(c2==0)
{
lcd_cmd(0xcd);
lcd_data('2');
store[k++]='2';

57
delay(40);
}
r2=0;
r1=r3=1;
if(c2==0)
{
lcd_cmd(0xcd);
lcd_data('5');
store[k++]='5';
delay(40);
}
r3=0;
r1=r2=1;
if(c2==0)
{
lcd_cmd(0xcd);
lcd_data('8');
store[k++]='8';
delay(40);
}
}
void check_c3e()

58
{
r1=0;
r2=r3=1;
if(c3==0)
{
lcd_cmd(0xcd);
lcd_data('3');
store[k++]='3';
delay(40);
}
r2=0;
r1=r3=1;
if(c3==0)
{
lcd_cmd(0xcd);
lcd_data('6');
store[k++]='6';
delay(40);
}
r3=0;
r1=r2=1;
if(c3==0)

59
{
lcd_cmd(0xcd);
lcd_data('9');
store[k++]='9';
delay(40);
}
}

60
RECEIVER CODE
#include<reg52.h>
/*RF receiver module output pins connections to port 1*/
sbit a=P1^0;
sbit b=P1^1;
sbit c=P1^2;
sbit d=P1^3;
/*Motor driver output pins connections to port 1*/
sbit motor1=P2^0;
sbit motor2=P2^1;
sbit motor3=P2^2;
sbit motor4=P2^3;
void delay(unsigned int time); // time delay function in mili second
void send_byte(unsigned char ch); // function to send characters on hyper terminal from
microcontroller
void string_hypr(unsigned char *str); // function to send string on hyper terminal from
microcontroller
void transfer(); // function to run conveyor belt motors
main(void)
{
/*serial initialization*/

61
TMOD=0X20;
TH1=0XFD;
SCON=0X50;
TR1=1;
up:
string_hypr("Poornima College Canteen");
send_byte('r');send_byte('r'); //ASCII code of space
a=b=c=d=0;
P1=0xff; //Port 1 defined as input port
P2=0x00; //Port 2 defined as output port
/*infinit while loop for displaying order*/
while(1)
{
if(d==0&&c==0&&b==0&&a==1)
{
string_hypr("Coffee");
send_byte(32);send_byte(32);send_byte(32); //ASCII code of space
goto down;
}

62
if(d==0&&c==0&&b==1&&a==0)
{
string_hypr("Sandwich");
goto down;
}
if(d==0&&c==0&&b==1&&a==1)
{
string_hypr("Tomato Soup");
goto down;
}
if(d==0&&c==1&&b==0&&a==0)
{
string_hypr("Pizza");
goto down;
}

63
if(d==0&&c==1&&b==0&&a==1)
{
string_hypr("Ice Cream");
send_byte(32);send_byte(32);send_byte(32);
goto down;
}
if(d==0&&c==1&&b==1&&a==0)
{
string_hypr("Coke");
goto down;
}
if(d==0&&c==1&&b==1&&a==1)
{
string_hypr("Burger");
goto down;
}
if(d==1&&c==0&&b==0&&a==0)

64
{
string_hypr("Patties");
goto down;
}
if(d==1&&c==0&&b==0&&a==1)
{
string_hypr("Hot Dog");
goto down;
}
}
/*infinit while loop for displaying quantity*/
while(1)
{
down:
if(d==0&&c==0&&b==0&&a==1)
{
send_byte('1');
goto final;
}

65
if(d==0&&c==0&&b==1&&a==0)
{
send_byte('2');
goto final;
}
if(d==0&&c==0&&b==1&&a==1)
{
send_byte('3');
goto final;
}
if(d==0&&c==1&&b==0&&a==0)
{
send_byte('4');
goto final;
}
if(d==0&&c==1&&b==0&&a==1)

66
{
send_byte('5');
goto final;
}
if(d==0&&c==1&&b==1&&a==0)
{
send_byte('6');
goto final;
}
if(d==0&&c==1&&b==1&&a==1)
{
send_byte('7');
goto final;
}
if(d==1&&c==0&&b==0&&a==0)
{
send_byte('8');
goto final;
}
if(d==1&&c==0&&b==0&&a==1)

67
{
send_byte('9');
goto final;
}
}
/*infinit while loop to run conveyor belt*/
while(1)
{
final:
delay(150);
string_hypr("rrPress Enter to deliver order");
if(SBUF==0x0d)
{
transfer();
string_hypr("rOrder Delivered rr");
}
goto up;
}
}
void send_byte(unsigned char ch)

68
{
SBUF = ch;
while(!TI);
TI = 0;
}
void string_hypr(unsigned char *str)
{
while(*str != '0')
{
send_byte(*str);
str++;
}
}
void delay(unsigned int time)
{
unsigned int i,j;
for(i=0;i<time;i++)
for(j=0;j<1275;j++);
}
void transfer() //motor control logics

69
{
motor1=1;
motor2=0;
motor3=1;
motor4=0;
delay(300);
motor1=0;
motor2=0;
motor3=0;
motor4=0;
delay(400);
motor1=0;
motor2=1;
motor3=0;
motor4=1;
delay(300);
motor1=0;
motor2=0;
motor3=0;
motor4=0;
delay(20);
}

70
COST OF PROJECT
Components Per Unit Cost Quantity Total
RF Module 600/- 1 600/-
16x2 Numeric LCD 350/- 1 300/-
Microcontroller 250/- 2 500/-
Hex Keypad 200/- 1 200/-
Crystal 15/- 2 30/-
Capacitors 50/- - 50/-
Resistors 30/- - 30/-
High Torque Motors 400/- 2 800/-
Motor Driver Module 250/- 1 250/-
Max232 Level Convertor 250/- 1 250/-
Conveyor Belt Mechanism 2000/- 1 2000/-
Power Supply Adaptor 250/- 1 250/-
Battery 30/- 2 60/-
Universal Burner 2600/- 1 2600/-
PCB 50/- 3 150/-
Etching solution 300/- 1 300/-
Total Cost - - 8370/-

Wireless Restuarent Automation

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