Study Guide 1 Identification Terms and Concepts For each of the following concepts, provide a brief definition, a description of its historical development, a clarification of its contextual implementation, and, wherever appropriate, an explanation of the ramifications on the regional and international relations and on outcome of public policy. Irredentism Counterfactuals Balance of Power Balancing Bandwagoning 1. To ensure a favorable outcome of WWI and to secure its long-term national interest in the Middle East at the end of the war, Great Britain embarked upon a series of conflicting initiatives and agreements that shaped the landscape of the Middle East and simultaneously became fertile grounds for intense and protracted conflicts. List and explain these agreements and examine their impact on the nature and scope of Middle Eastern state boundaries. To what extent these agreements have advanced or impeded the processes of state formation and nation building in the Middle East? Explain whether Great Britain behavior was compelled by structural determinants as the neorealist perspective argues or could Great Britain have, according to the liberal school of thought, behaved differently by overcoming challenges posed by the “prisoner’s dilemma,” or yet was motivated by a constructivist theory. Identify at which level of analysis was Great Britain operating, and explain to which school of thoughts Eugene Rogan subscribes. 2. Peter Mandaville asserts that, "Indeed, Islam has often functioned, not in opposition to, but as a form of, national cohesion." For all of the countries of the modern Middle East, this assertion reflects the ongoing tension between two set of identities which, according to Mandaville, function as explanatory factors to their foreign policy and international affairs: religion (particularly Islam) and nationalism (secular nation state). What is, according to Mandaville, the nature and scope of the relationship between Islam and the secular nation state and what are the ramifications of this relationship on the foreign policies of Saudi Arabia and Iran on the one hand and Egypt and Turkey on the other hand? Outline the evidence that Mandaville provides to support his contention that the identity perspective is the determinant variable of the regional and international relations of the Middle East. Explain the extent to which Mandaville’s contention is more applicable than other schools of thoughts of international relations. 3. When it comes to the issue of democratization, the Middle East, argues Richard Norton, “is trapped in some ways outside global trends.” Norton detects several challenges and obstacles which explain why the Arab world has been slow to democratize. List those factors and explain their ramifications on the regional and international relations of the Middle East. Explain why the issue of democratization is relevant to the study of international relations of the region. Which perspective a.

1. Study Guide 1
Identification Terms and Concepts
For each of the following concepts, provide a brief definition, a
description of its historical development, a clarification of its
contextual implementation, and, wherever appropriate, an
explanation of the ramifications on the regional and
international relations and on outcome of public policy.
Irredentism Counterfactuals
Balance of Power Balancing
Bandwagoning
1. To ensure a favorable outcome of WWI and to secure its
long-term national interest in the Middle East at the end of the
war, Great Britain embarked upon a series of conflicting
initiatives and agreements that shaped the landscape of the
Middle East and simultaneously became fertile grounds for
intense and protracted conflicts. List and explain these
agreements and examine their impact on the nature and scope of
Middle Eastern state boundaries. To what extent these
agreements have advanced or impeded the processes of state
formation and nation building in the Middle East? Explain
whether Great Britain behavior was compelled by structural
determinants as the neorealist perspective argues or could Great
Britain have, according to the liberal school of thought, behaved
differently by overcoming challenges posed by the “prisoner’s
dilemma,” or yet was motivated by a constructivist theory.
Identify at which level of analysis was Great Britain operating,
and explain to which school of thoughts Eugene Rogan
subscribes.
2. Peter Mandaville asserts that, "Indeed, Islam has often

2. functioned, not in opposition to, but as a form of, national
cohesion." For all of the countries of the modern Middle East,
this assertion reflects the ongoing tension between two set of
identities which, according to Mandaville, function as
explanatory factors to their foreign policy and international
affairs: religion (particularly Islam) and nationalism (secular
nation state). What is, according to Mandaville, the nature and
scope of the relationship between Islam and the secular nation
state and what are the ramifications of this relationship on the
foreign policies of Saudi Arabia and Iran on the one hand and
Egypt and Turkey on the other hand? Outline the evidence that
Mandaville provides to support his contention that the identity
perspective is the determinant variable of the regional and
international relations of the Middle East. Explain the extent to
which Mandaville’s contention is more applicable than other
schools of thoughts of international relations.
3. When it comes to the issue of democratization, the Middle
East, argues Richard Norton, “is trapped in some ways outside
global trends.” Norton detects several challenges and obstacles
which explain why the Arab world has been slow to
democratize. List those factors and explain their ramifications
on the regional and international relations of the Middle East.
Explain why the issue of democratization is relevant to the
study of international relations of the region. Which perspective
argues about the importance of democratization and what
evidence does it provide to support its contention?
4. Many scholars studying the role of the modern Middle East in
international relations, the sources of its conflicts and wars, and
the ramifications of the region’s constituent countries’ foreign
policy on world politics have concluded that an extensive
explanation and analysis of these aspects cannot be based on
utilizing only one paradigm of international relations. Janice
Gross Stein argues that the “modern Middle East has proved to
be the graveyard of many contemporary theories of international

3. relations.” Raymond Hinnebusch maintains that the Middle
East's unique features create a complex reality that defies
analyses based on any one conceptual approach to international
relations. Therefore, he adds, it is imperative to deploy a
combination of several perspectives. “Heeding” Hinnebusch’s
advice, and by a way of explaining the conceptual and practical
utility of the perspectives in international relations for
understanding the international politics of the Middle East,
analyze the nature, scope, and evolution of a particular Middle
Eastern country’s foreign policy toward one event (Israeli-Arab
conflict or any other regional conflict) or phenomenon
(democratization, terrorism, globalization). Make sure that you
first define perspectives and level of analysis, list the paradigms
studied in this course and explain their key concepts and outline
and explain the types of level of analysis