IBN SINA NATIONAL COLLEGE FOR MEDICAL STUDIES Department of Physiology: Physiology II Assignment I Clinical Pharmacy Program: Level 4 (2016 – 2017: Semester II) 1. Write a small assignment (not less than 4 pages) on the given topics: 2. The assignment should cover the following points:  Suitable diagrams.  Details of the topics  Flow charts if any.  Mechanisms in details. 3. Source of information could be books, scientific journal, internet websites 4. The assignment should have topics in the following order : Title 1: Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and factors affecting it Title 2: Counter current mechanism of urine formation Functional Anatomy  Functional anatomy of the renal system.  Structure of the nephron.  Structure of the filtration membrane. Functional anatomy  Functional anatomy of the renal system.  Structure of the nephron. Physiology  Definition of GFR with normal values and values in different stages of renal failure.  Determinants of GFR.  Factors affecting GFR. Physiology  Role of different nephron regions in urine formation.  Counter current mechanism of urine formation.  Formation of dilute and concentrated urine. Application  Factors decreasing the GFR rate.  Kidney specific factors increasing renal vulnerability to nephrotoxins. Application  Common therapeutic agents causing nephrotoxicity.  Tubulopathies. References References Title 3: Diuretics Title 2: Regulation of acid base balance Functional Anatomy  Functional anatomy of the renal system.  Structure of the nephron. Functional anatomy  Structure of the nephron. Physiology  Renal tubule transport mechanisms.  Mechanism of action of diuretics. (Thiazide, loop, osmotic, potassium sparing and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors) Physiology  Important renal buffers  Secretion of H+ ions & reabsorption of HCO3- ions by the kidney.  Renal correction of acid base imbalance. Application  Clinical applications of diuretics. Application  Clinical causes of acid base disorders.  Drug induced acid base balance. References References 5. The cover page should have the topic name, name of the student, academic number and name of the supervisor. ( A sample cover page is provided which can be used as same or can be modified but without changing the information needed) 6. The paper should be submitted as:  Computer generated (Typed on computer) on A4 sheet with page border.  Font face : Calibri  Text Alignment : Justify  Font Size : 12  Line Spacing: Multiple at 1.15 7. A rubric for evaluating the assignment is attached. The assignment will be evaluated by two examiners based on the rubrics and the average of the points is considered as final scores. Point to mark conversion is provided for the student’s reference. Copies of rubrics should be attached to the sub ...

1. IBN SINA NATIONAL COLLEGE FOR MEDICAL
STUDIES
Department of Physiology: Physiology II
Assignment I
Clinical Pharmacy Program: Level 4 (2016 – 2017:
Semester II)
1. Write a small assignment (not less than 4 pages) on the given
topics:
2. The assignment should cover the following points:
3. Source of information could be books, scientific journal,
internet websites
4. The assignment should have topics in the following order :
Title 1: Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and
factors affecting it
Title 2: Counter current mechanism of urine

2. formation
Functional Anatomy
Functional anatomy
Physiology
with normal values and
values in different stages of renal failure.
Physiology
formation.
n of dilute and concentrated urine.
Application
vulnerability to nephrotoxins.

3. Application
nephrotoxicity.
References References
Title 3: Diuretics Title 2: Regulation of acid base balance
Functional Anatomy
Functional anatomy
Physiology
le transport mechanisms.
loop, osmotic, potassium sparing and
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors)
Physiology
-
ions by the kidney.

4. Application
Application
References References
5. The cover page should have the topic name, name of the
student, academic number and name of the
supervisor. ( A sample cover page is provided which can be
used as same or can be modified but without
changing the information needed)
6. The paper should be submitted as:
generated (Typed on computer) on A4 sheet with
page border.

5. 7. A rubric for evaluating the assignment is attached. The
assignment will be evaluated by two examiners
based on the rubrics and the average of the points is considered
as final scores. Point to mark conversion is
provided for the student’s reference. Copies of rubrics should
be attached to the submitted assignment.
8. Suggested references: Basic Clinical Pharmacology by Ring
& Dale, Comprehensive Pharmacy by
Goddmann and Gilmann, Textbook of Medical Physiology by
Guyton & Hall.
9. Students can contact the coordinator and Prof. Al Meselhy
(Pharmacology) for any advice and suggestions.
LAST DATE OF SUBMISSION: 19
th
March 2017
**Assignments will not be accepted after the last date of
submission at any case.
1
6
Democrats vs.
Republicans
Name: Waleed Almutairi

6. Course Name and Number: EAP 136
Instructor’s Name: Lal
Date:
Democrats vs. Republicans Comment by Lal: Rephrase the
topic that it sounds better than this one. It sounds like TV
commercials on football tournaments.
The Democratic and the Republican parties are the main
political parties in the United States. They are contrasted in a
number of ways which make them stand out of each other in the
United States politics. Although they are different, they have
almost the same concerns about the welfare of the people of the
United States although from a different perspective and with
different motives. They are contrasted on the basement of
believes and strategies they have in place in the practice of
politics as per the ethics governing them (Newport, 2013).
Comment by Lal: You have to write the thesis of your own,
you’d better not cite in the thesis.
The Democratic Party is a socially conservative and fiscally
classical liberalism. It is a party guided by the free expression
and practice of human rights. Its main concern is to see that the
people live in a free environment where they can practice and
enjoy their lives without interference. They proclaim the
practice of rights on the basis of social interaction and marriage
whereby they believe that same sex marriages are choices of the
people and a way of enjoying human rights and freedoms.
Democrats believe that everyone is free within the nation to
enjoy his or her rights without obstacles or discrimination
(Slavenburg, 2012). They fight for the comfortable
accommodation of the population as far as spending, treatment
and investments are concerned. They can therefore be termed as
liberal minded with regard to how they treat people’s needs and
address their problems. They are therefore considered as
fiscally progressive in promoting social-liberty and supporting
social justice. Comment by Lal: These two sentences are two
different topic sentences. First, you justify in what sense it is

7. conservative and then y Comment by Lal: I would encourage
you to give the page number, because the source you have cited
deals with many things.
The rRepublicans are the supporters of the Republic Pparty in
the United States. The basic beliefve with the republicans is the
American conservatism which seems to fight the liberalism
motive practiced by its rival the Democratic Party. Its platform
involves support for free market capitalism, free enterprise,
fiscal conservatism and a strong national defense as well as
labor union restrictions. In addition to this, the republicans are
socially conservative in the sense that they uphold human
morals especially with regard to marriage practices and
abortion. They believe that the rightful marriage is between a
man and a woman and abortion should be unheard of. They seek
to uphold traditional values based largely on Judeo-Christian
ethics. Therefore the republicans are more conservative on
human heritage and moral practices as they fight for the upkeep
of the nation (Kopp, 2011). Comment by Lal: The sentence is
not clear to me. Please rewrite the sentence including the ideas
that you like to express in this sentence. Comment by Lal: You
are listening many controlling ideas in this paragraph. Please
take one at a time and elaborate it with details and explanation.
Comment by Lal: Give the page number as well.
With reference to the way they treat people, republicans are a
bit more pronounced with their concern for their people. They
are considered to be more considerate and more equalized in the
way they treat the people. With regard to social equalization,
the republicans are deemed to be more considerate and fair by
giving people equal chances and respecting their rights. In that
sense therefore they uphold the concept of social integration
with profound immunity and acceptance. They have open
channels for everyone as far as human rights are concerned. The
aspects of social classes and status do not have a major play
with the republicans. They advocate for moral upholds and
respect to what is deemed correct to be practiced. This is the
reason why people willingly advocate for republicans (Ethridge,

8. 2014). They fight for race free interactions between people and
do not advocate for racial or class discrimination among the
people. In general they can be termed to equally treat the people
of the United States with profound equality and care as far as
their rights and freedoms are concerned. Comment by Lal: How
did you know these things? Have you read their manifestos?
Comment by Lal: Give the page number as well.
On the other hand, democrats are deemed to be more inclined on
social status and race as far as governance is concerned. Due to
their liberalism cognition, they seem to be more compelled to
bringing controversy between people with different believes
about the issues presented in the society. Significantly, this has
been seen in the advocacy for marriage rights and practices.
There has been a general conflict brought about by the
democrats concerning the marriage practice. This has greatly
increased the aspect of discrimination and racial and classical
consideration among the people in the United States. The reason
for this is the different notions brought by the democrats about
social morality as far as human rights practices are concerned.
In that sensesense, therefore 9it can be noted that the democrats
do not fully lead the society on peaceful grounds as social
integration and acceptance is concerned. Even though they fight
for free practice of human rights and expression they fail the
nation by treating people with venom with regard to what they
consider liberal movements (Newport, 2013). Comment by Lal:
Are they democrats or republicans? Double check this
information. Comment by Lal: Comment by Lal: Elaborate
what you mean to say social status and race. Comment by Lal:
Comment by Lal: I encourage you to give the page
numbers even if you have summarized so that readers can find
the source you have quoted and consulted if they like.
Investment motives between democrats and republicans are
diversified. The democrats feature their investment
considerations aimed at doing away with the minorities through
infrastructure advancement. Their investment platforms
advocates for rebuilding of institutions and schools that will

9. help in visualizing the nation for the future as far as investment
and developmental progression is concerned. In addition, they
have major focus on energy and water and broadband platforms.
They also focus their investment motives on curbing climatic
conditions and therefore enabling the nation to be more
productive with regard to land production. LastlyLastly, they
strategize on tax exemptions whereby they advocate for an
environment that will allow the minorities and less advantaged
individuals to borrow loans to finance businesses and set up
their own investments. On the other hand, republican’s main
focus in investments is improving the business culture of the
United States. They are contrasted in terms of investment with
comparison to the democrats. Their investment motives are
rebellious to the infrastructure pathway. In factfact, they are
cutting out on the table funding of the infrastructure system
with the aim of investing more in business, renovations and
recreational platforms. They aim at improving the lives of the
people by investing more on projects that will lower the cost of
living of the people. In that context, they have moved with
speed to eradicate taxes on gas and other related expenditures
that make cost of living high for the Americans. Moreover, their
investment considerations are propelled towards creating a
platform that will encourage private and government corporate
integration and partnering in investments (Slavenburg, 2012).
This will see the country move forth with joint investment
practices of the government and the private sector. Comment by
Lal: Page number?
The republicans and the democrats have had a substantialive
impacts on the society and the entire world as far as political
practice is concerned. They credit party movements as getting
people more involved in the political process and making the
leadership more responsive to the views of the citizens. They
have also stimulated a deep political division in many states in
the world with the view of how the Americans operate.
However, the practices of the two parties have aided in doing
away with the tension felt between the state and the society in

10. many nations due to the fierce fight for conservatism and
liberalism. They have given the world a focus on what can be
achieved with contrasting believes and common aims and forms.
ThereforeTherefore, the two parties have had a much big play in
the political practices of many nations across the world. They
have helped in defining attitudes, beliefs and sentiments that
give order and meaning to the political process for many
nations. They have also helped in modifying the political ideals
and polity operating norms that shape the political culture in
subjective dimensions of politics (Kopp, 2011). Comment by
Lal: Use the phrase that shows that you are concluding in this
paragraph. Comment by Lal: Explain how they are
influencing the political practices of the world. Comment by
Lal: Give your own thoughts or comments. Also include page
number if you like to cite.
References
Kopp, H., & Gillespie, C. A. (2011). Career diplomacy: Life
and work in the U.S. foreign service. Washington, DC:
Georgetown University Press.
Slavenburg, J. (2012). The Hermetic Link: From Secret
Tradition to Modern Thought. Newburyport: Nicolas-Hays, Inc.
Newport, F. (2013). The Gallup poll: Public opinion 2011.
Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Ethridge, M. E., & Handelman, H. (2014). Politics in a changing
world. Comment by Lal: Write place of publication and
publishers.
Overall,
You have a good start. For the further improvement of the

11. essay, include the suggestions given in the texts and then edit
before you submit.