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Palabras indefinidas y
      negativas
Palabras Indefinidas y Negativas

• Indefinite words: Used to refer to non-
  specific people or things. (Positive)
  – i.e. Someone, Something, Anything, etc.


• Negative words: Used to negate or
  contradict things. (Negative)
 -i.e. No, no one, nobody, never, nothing, etc.
Palabras Indefinidas
                (Positive)
Algo = something, anything
Alguien = someone

1.) “¿Deseas algo?”
      “Sí, quiero un café con leche.”

2.) ¿Viene alguien más?
       “En diez minutos viene mi esposo.”
PRONOUNS - PRONOMBRE

- Algo and alguien are PRONOUNS.

- They take the place of a noun.
1.) “¿Deseas algo?”
      “Sí, quiero un café con leche.”

Algo is a pronoun because it takes the place of
  café con leche.

2.) ¿Viene alguien más?
       “En diez minutos viene mi esposo.”

Alguien is a pronoun because it takes the place
  of _____________.
PALABRAS NEGATIVAS
                     (Negative)

Nada = Nothing
Nadie = No one, nobody

There are two ways to form a negative sentence:
A. Place the negative word before the verb.
      1.) Nada está bien.
      2.) Nadie come plástico.
B. Place NO before the verb and the negative
word after the verb.
      1.) No está nada bien.
      2.) No come nadie plástico.
Nota la diferencia:
•   Nada necesito.
•   No necesito nada.
•   Nadie habla.
•   No habla nadie.
•   Nunca comemos huevos.
•   No comemos huevos nunca.
PRONOUNS - PRONOMBRE



- Nada and Nadie are pronouns.

- They take the place of a noun.
PRONOUNS - PRONOMBRES

•   Yo no desayuno nada.
•   Pero ella siempre come algo.
•   No conocemos a nadie. *
•   ¿Llamas a alguien? *

*In these sentences it is necessary to
  use the Spanish personal “a”.
The Personal“A”
• The first step in learning how to use
  personal 'a' is to understand the basic
  grammar terms 'subject', 'verb' and
  'direct object':
The Personal“A”
1) I see a table.
2) I see Maria.

- 'I' is the subject
- 'see' is the verb
- both 'table' and 'Maria' are direct objects.

  In other words, the direct objects are receiving the
  action of the verb. They answer the question
  “what?” and “who?”
The rule for using personal „A‟:
• When the direct object is a person, an
  'a' is placed in front of it.
• So the two sentences above are
  translated as:
 1) Yo veo una mesa.
 2) Yo veo a María.
HINT:
If the object can perform the same action as the
subject than you need to use the personal “A”
(except with tener and hay).

Por ejemplo:
1. I see a table. (The table cannot see me.) No “A”.
2. I see Maria. (Maria can see me.) Use the “A”.
MORE PALABRAS INDEFINIDAS
           (positive)

Algún
Alguno      one, any
Alguna
Algunos     some, a few,
Algunas     several, any
MORE PALABRAS INDEFINIDAS
               (positive)
- Vamos a algún lado.           Let’s go somewhere.
- ¿Alguno de ustedes            Do any of you work
  trabaja en pensilvania?       In Pennsylvania?
- Alguna chica se va a          Some girl will marry
  casar contigo.                you.
- Algunos chicos bailan bien.   Some boys dance
                                well.
- Algunas chicas bailan mal.    Some girls dance
                                badly.
MÁS PALABRAS NEGATIVAS
ningún
ninguno        none, no one,
ninguna        not any

*Always used in the singular form.
NEVER AS NINGUNOS OR NINGUNAS
• ¿Tiene algún mensaje                • No, no tengo ningún
    para la profesora?                    mensaje para ella.

  • El profesor tiene                   • Nosotros no tenemos
    algunos libros rusos.                 ningún libro ruso.

  • Tienes alguna fruta.                • No, no tengo ninguna
                                          fruta.

Note that in the above examples the positive and negative words are used
as adjectives. That means they describe (modify) the noun. When used as
an adjective make sure you use the appropriate ending “-a”, “-o”,”-as”, “-os”.

However, when used to “modify” a singular masculine noun you do NOT use
an “o” at the end and you MUST add an accent mark to the “u”.
USED AS PRONOUNS - PRONOMBRES
Often in your response to a question you do not need to
restate the noun. You can replace it with your “palabra
indefinida o negativa”. It becomes a “pronoun” – replaces
the noun.
• ¿Tienen yogur?
                                     ** Again, pay attention to
• Lo siento, no queda ninguno.       your endings. They must
                                     match in gender and
•¿ Conoces a las chicas?             number. You would never
                                     use the word “ningún” as
• No, no conoczo a ninguna.          a pronoun. It must be
                                     followed by a noun.
• Yo tengo bananas.
• Dame algunas.
ADVERBS - ADVERBIOS
      (Recuerde: Adverbs modify verbs.)

Indefinida            Negativa
siempre =             Nunca, jamás =
always                never, not … ever

también = also, tampoco =
too                   neither, not either
ADVERBIOS
• Siempre desayuno una rosquilla con
  queso de crema.
• Tomo jugo de naranja también.
• Elsa nunca come tocino.
• Tampoco come salchichas.
El profesor ideal (pg 175):
            en parejas…

Usa expresiones indefinidas (algo, siempre, etc) y
palabras negativas (nada, nunca, ect) para escribir
CINCO oraciones sobre lo que el profesor ideal hace
o no hace:

MODELO: El profesor ideal siempre llega a clase a
tiempo.

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Indefinite and negative words in Spanish

  • 2. Palabras Indefinidas y Negativas • Indefinite words: Used to refer to non- specific people or things. (Positive) – i.e. Someone, Something, Anything, etc. • Negative words: Used to negate or contradict things. (Negative) -i.e. No, no one, nobody, never, nothing, etc.
  • 3. Palabras Indefinidas (Positive) Algo = something, anything Alguien = someone 1.) “¿Deseas algo?” “Sí, quiero un café con leche.” 2.) ¿Viene alguien más? “En diez minutos viene mi esposo.”
  • 4. PRONOUNS - PRONOMBRE - Algo and alguien are PRONOUNS. - They take the place of a noun.
  • 5. 1.) “¿Deseas algo?” “Sí, quiero un café con leche.” Algo is a pronoun because it takes the place of café con leche. 2.) ¿Viene alguien más? “En diez minutos viene mi esposo.” Alguien is a pronoun because it takes the place of _____________.
  • 6. PALABRAS NEGATIVAS (Negative) Nada = Nothing Nadie = No one, nobody There are two ways to form a negative sentence: A. Place the negative word before the verb. 1.) Nada está bien. 2.) Nadie come plástico. B. Place NO before the verb and the negative word after the verb. 1.) No está nada bien. 2.) No come nadie plástico.
  • 7. Nota la diferencia: • Nada necesito. • No necesito nada. • Nadie habla. • No habla nadie. • Nunca comemos huevos. • No comemos huevos nunca.
  • 8. PRONOUNS - PRONOMBRE - Nada and Nadie are pronouns. - They take the place of a noun.
  • 9. PRONOUNS - PRONOMBRES • Yo no desayuno nada. • Pero ella siempre come algo. • No conocemos a nadie. * • ¿Llamas a alguien? * *In these sentences it is necessary to use the Spanish personal “a”.
  • 10. The Personal“A” • The first step in learning how to use personal 'a' is to understand the basic grammar terms 'subject', 'verb' and 'direct object':
  • 11. The Personal“A” 1) I see a table. 2) I see Maria. - 'I' is the subject - 'see' is the verb - both 'table' and 'Maria' are direct objects. In other words, the direct objects are receiving the action of the verb. They answer the question “what?” and “who?”
  • 12. The rule for using personal „A‟: • When the direct object is a person, an 'a' is placed in front of it. • So the two sentences above are translated as: 1) Yo veo una mesa. 2) Yo veo a María.
  • 13. HINT: If the object can perform the same action as the subject than you need to use the personal “A” (except with tener and hay). Por ejemplo: 1. I see a table. (The table cannot see me.) No “A”. 2. I see Maria. (Maria can see me.) Use the “A”.
  • 14. MORE PALABRAS INDEFINIDAS (positive) Algún Alguno one, any Alguna Algunos some, a few, Algunas several, any
  • 15. MORE PALABRAS INDEFINIDAS (positive) - Vamos a algún lado. Let’s go somewhere. - ¿Alguno de ustedes Do any of you work trabaja en pensilvania? In Pennsylvania? - Alguna chica se va a Some girl will marry casar contigo. you. - Algunos chicos bailan bien. Some boys dance well. - Algunas chicas bailan mal. Some girls dance badly.
  • 16. MÁS PALABRAS NEGATIVAS ningún ninguno none, no one, ninguna not any *Always used in the singular form. NEVER AS NINGUNOS OR NINGUNAS
  • 17. • ¿Tiene algún mensaje • No, no tengo ningún para la profesora? mensaje para ella. • El profesor tiene • Nosotros no tenemos algunos libros rusos. ningún libro ruso. • Tienes alguna fruta. • No, no tengo ninguna fruta. Note that in the above examples the positive and negative words are used as adjectives. That means they describe (modify) the noun. When used as an adjective make sure you use the appropriate ending “-a”, “-o”,”-as”, “-os”. However, when used to “modify” a singular masculine noun you do NOT use an “o” at the end and you MUST add an accent mark to the “u”.
  • 18. USED AS PRONOUNS - PRONOMBRES Often in your response to a question you do not need to restate the noun. You can replace it with your “palabra indefinida o negativa”. It becomes a “pronoun” – replaces the noun. • ¿Tienen yogur? ** Again, pay attention to • Lo siento, no queda ninguno. your endings. They must match in gender and •¿ Conoces a las chicas? number. You would never use the word “ningún” as • No, no conoczo a ninguna. a pronoun. It must be followed by a noun. • Yo tengo bananas. • Dame algunas.
  • 19. ADVERBS - ADVERBIOS (Recuerde: Adverbs modify verbs.) Indefinida Negativa siempre = Nunca, jamás = always never, not … ever también = also, tampoco = too neither, not either
  • 20. ADVERBIOS • Siempre desayuno una rosquilla con queso de crema. • Tomo jugo de naranja también. • Elsa nunca come tocino. • Tampoco come salchichas.
  • 21. El profesor ideal (pg 175): en parejas… Usa expresiones indefinidas (algo, siempre, etc) y palabras negativas (nada, nunca, ect) para escribir CINCO oraciones sobre lo que el profesor ideal hace o no hace: MODELO: El profesor ideal siempre llega a clase a tiempo.