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Engineering Sustainability:
Biomimicry in Civil Engineering Design
Stylianos Yiatros
PhD DIC MEng ACGI A.M.ASCE
stylianos.yiatros@cut.ac.cy
A presentation to the CI3-311 Group Design Students
Cyprus University of Technology
Department of Civil Engineering
and Geomatics
Biomimicryin CivilEngineeringDesign
ā€¢ Introduction
ā€¢ Engineering Sustainability
ā€¢ Biomimicry
ā€¢ Design in nature
ā€¢ Biomimetic examples
ā€¢ Case study: The Load bearing duct
ā€¢ Challenges and Opportunities
Ā© SY 2013
Introducingmyself
Imperial College, MEng Civil & Environmental Engineering (2006)
Imperial College, PhD (DIC) Nonlinear Structural Mechanics (2010)
Currently Lecturer of Structural Engineering at Cyprus University of Technology
Ā© SY 2013
Still in the IC prospectus!
Whatis SustainableDevelopment?
ā€œdevelopment that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs.ā€
(Brundtland Report, 1987)
Ā© SY 2013
ICE Charter for Sustainable Development
ā€œMeeting the needs of today without
compromising the needs of tomorrowā€
SustainableDevelopment
Social
Economic
Environmental
Viable
Bearable
SUSTAINABLE
Fair
Environment
Society
Economy
SUSTAINABLE
Ā© SY 2013
SUSTAINABILITY IS A BUSINESS ISSUE
Sustainabilityin CivilEngineeringProjects
A large spectrum of projects and of stakeholders requires a
common understanding
Ā© SY 2013
insurers
investorsLocal authorities clientsDesigners
Contractors
Facilities Managers Demolition ContractorsDemolition Contractors
Planners
New-build
Refurbishment
Buildings
Infrastructure
ViciousCircle of Blame
Ā© SY 2013
(Cadman, 2000)
Occupiers:
ā€œWe would like to have more
sustainable buildings to fulfill our
corporate policy commitments but
thereā€™s little choice of propertiesā€
Constructors:
ā€œWe could build environmentally
efficient buildings, but the
developers donā€™t ask for themā€
Developers:
ā€œWe would ask for environmentally
efficient buildings but the investors
wonā€™t pay for themā€
Investors:
ā€œWe would fund environmentally
efficient buildings but thereā€™s not
demand for themā€
Circleof Virtue
Ā© SY 2013
Occupiers:
We occupy more
environmentally efficient
buildings because they are
cheaper to run ā€“ and they
make us to feel good .
Constructors:
We build environmentally
efficient buildings because
our clients demand them.
Developers:
We demand environmentally
efficient buildings because
thatā€™s what investors will put
their money into.
Investors:
We fund environmentally
buildings because thatā€™s
what the occupiers want
and they give better
returns.
Regulationand Policy
Ā© SY 2013
Sustainable
production and
consumption
Climate Change
and Energy
Natural resources
and enhancing the
environment
Creating
Sustainable
communities
Strategy for SustainableConstruction
Ā© SY 2013
Aligned with
ā€œSecuring the futureā€
Committed, skilled
and adaptable
workforce
SUSTAINABILITY OF THE INDUSTRY ITSELF
Improving existing
regulation, building on
existing strengths
Create long-term
certainty
ā€œSecuring thefutureā€ for Construction
Ā© SY 2013
ā€¢ Reduce and ultimately
eliminate waste in
construction
From Thomas Telford Training Series:
Sustainable Development ā€“ Design,
Construction and Maintenance
ā€¢ Re-use of existing built
assets and construction of
new, long lasting, energy
conscious and future-proof
structures.
ā€¢ Reduction of environmental
impact through better
products and services
Sustainable
production and
consumption
ā€œSecuring thefutureā€ for Construction
Ā© SY 2013
ā€¢ Minimize carbon
emissions during
construction
From Thomas Telford Training Series:
Sustainable Development ā€“ Design,
Construction and Maintenance
ā€¢ Design and construct
innovative engineering
solutions to tackle climate
change challenges of the
future
ā€¢ Design and Construct
buildings with lower carbon
footprint in operation
Climate Change
and Energy
ā€œSecuring thefutureā€ for Construction
Ā© SY 2013
ā€¢ Facilitate water
resources conservation
in new and
refurbishment projects
From Thomas Telford Training Series:
Sustainable Development ā€“ Design,
Construction and Maintenance
ā€¢ Proactive in creating,
managing and enriching
wildlife habitats and
natural landscapes
ā€¢ Importance of the role for
Green Infrastructure
Natural
resources and
enhancing the
environment
ā€œSecuring thefutureā€ for Construction
Ā© SY 2013
From Thomas Telford Training Series:
Sustainable Development ā€“ Design,
Construction and Maintenance
ā€¢ Employs and nurtures a committed, skilled and adaptable
workforce working in an environment of zero accidents and
incidents with arrangements for education and training,
employment, health and safety
Creating
sustainable
communities
Strategyā€™s Priorities
Ā© SY 2013
From Thomas Telford Training Series:
Sustainable Development ā€“ Design,
Construction and Maintenance
NECESSARY KEY
IMPROVEMENTS
energy
water
biodiversity
environment
waste
materials
TO DELIVER
OUTPUTS
procurement
Supply team
integration
design
simplification
innovation
People agenda
FutureTrends for legislation and policy
Ā© SY 2013
From Thomas Telford Training Series:
Sustainable Development ā€“ Design,
Construction and Maintenance
ā€¢ Increasingly stringent environmental legislation
ā€¢ Continual emphasis on Carbon / climate change
ā€¢ Binding EU Targets on Renewable Energy
ā€¢ Biodiversity
ā€¢ Indoor/Outdoor air quality
ā€¢ Peak Oil
ā€¢ Environmental Performance of Construction
Sustainable
Construction
Ā© SY 2013
From Thomas Telford Training Series:
Sustainable Development ā€“ Design,
Construction and Maintenance
Delivers the business need
Fits in its environment
Provides ā€œvalue for moneyā€
Benefits users, stakeholders and
communities
Does not pollute
Minimizes consumption of
natural and non-renewable
resources.
Sustainable Engineering
Ā© SY 2013
From Thomas Telford Training Series:
Sustainable Development ā€“ Design,
Construction and Maintenance
Use methods that
minimise environmental
damage to provide
sufficient food, water,
shelter and access/
mobility for a growing
world population.
Closing the loop:
Design products and
processes that use
each otherā€™s waste as
input or raw materials
Incorporate environmental
and social constraints as
well as economic
considerations into
engineering decisions.
Howdo yougo aboutSustainableEngineering
ā€¢ Things to remember
ā€¢ ā€œone size fits allā€ solutions usually donā€™t work in different
environments
ā€¢ Look for local solutions
ā€¢ Try to solve the actual problem
ā€¢ Integrate services/processes
ā€¢ Re-invent your business model!
ā€¢ Business Model Canvass
Ā© SY 2013
Biomimicry
Ā© SY 2013
Whatis Biomimicry?
ā€¢ Biomimicry:
ā€¢ From the greek words ā€œbiosā€ (life) and ā€œmimesisā€ (immitation)
ā€¢ It is a design principle that seeks sustainable solutions to human
problems by consulting and emulating natureā€™s time tested
patterns and strategies (BFI, 2005).
ā€¢ Also known as
ā€¢ Biomimetics
ā€¢ Bionics
Ā© SY 2013
Whyapplybiomimicry?
ā€¢ Depletion of natural
resources and ecological
disasters from use and
extraction.
ā€¢ Running out of space for
storing toxic and hazardous
waste.
ā€¢ Nature builds and lives on
sunlight
ā€¢ Natural systems use each
othersā€™ bi-products as raw
materials.
ā€¢ Natural systems have survived 3.8bn years of evolution, adapting
and optimizing on the local conditions. Ā© SY 2013
Designin nature
ā€¢ Tree growth to fit function
Bending
Moment
Diagram
Ā© SY 2013
Designin nature
ā€¢ Structural chemistry
ā€¢ Minimum energy configurations
ā€¢ Stability
O
H
H
104.5Ėš
109.5Ėš
Ā© SY 2013
Designin nature
ā€¢ Bee honeycomb
ā€¢ Optimum storage
Ā© SY 2013
ā€¢ Termite Mound
ā€¢ Natural ventilation
Designin nature
Ā© SY 2013
ā€¢ Spider web
ā€¢ Light and flexible
ā€¢ Fabricated at room temperature
ā€¢ Gram to gram three times as
strong as steel
Natural Design
Form
(Geometry) Process Material
Ā© SY 2013
Levelsof biomimicry
Ā© SY 2013
Earlybiomimetics
Ā© SY 2013
ā€¢ Greek Mythology
ā€¢ Daedalus & Icarus trying to
escape Minoan Crete
ā€¢ Build wings made of wax
mimicking bird flying
Earlybiomimetics
ā€¢ Ancient arches
ā€¢ Load transfer through pure compression
Ā© SY 2013
Earlybiomimetics
Ā© SY 2013
ā€¢ ā€œā€¦ do you know where I found my model? An upright tree; it
bears its branches and these in turn the leaves and every
individual part has been growing harmoniously, magnificently
ever since God, the artist, created itā€¦ā€ A.GaudĆ­
Earlybiomimetics
Ā© SY 2013
Howdid weforget thisknowledge?
Industrial revolution Ā© SY 2013
Earlysignsof the (ab)useof Industrial
Revolution
ā€¢ Cholera outbreak in London
Ā© SY 2013
ModernBiomimicry
ā€¢ Business as usual not as easy as thought in the past.
ā€¢ Energy becomes expensive, resources scarce.
ā€¢ Waste Management a large issue
ā€¢ Whole-life cycle of fabricated materials
ā€¢ Greater appreciation of natureā€™s complex and highly optimized
processes.
ā€¢ Mimicking not just shape but processes too.
Ā© SY 2013
Literatureon Biomimicry
Ā© SY 2013
www.asknature.org
Watch Janineā€™s TED
Talks on www.ted.com
BiomimeticPrinciples
ā€¢ Nature runs on sunlight.
ā€¢ Nature uses only the energy it needs.
ā€¢ Nature fits form to function.
Ā© SY 2013
BiomimeticPrinciples
ā€¢ Nature recycles everything.
ā€¢ Nature rewards cooperation.
ā€¢ Nature banks on diversity.
Ā© SY 2013
BiomimeticPrinciples
ā€¢ Nature demands local expertise.
ā€¢ Nature curbs excesses from within.
ā€¢ Nature taps the power of limits.
ā€¢ Scale matters
Ā© SY 2013
Biomimicryin design
ā€¢ Adhesives - Velcro
Ā© SY 2013
Biomimicryin design
ā€¢ Robotics
Ā© SY 2013
Biomimicryin design
ā€¢ Facades
Ā© SY 2013
Biomimicryin integrated buildingdesign
ā€¢ A first attempt in 2006 by a small team at the
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
of Imperial College to consider the potential of
biomimicry in structural design.
ā€¢ Best UG project with Industrial Application in Civil
Engineering (2006)
ā€¢ Subsequently published in
Proc. ICE Engineering
Sustainability
ā€¢ Best Paper in Engineering
Sustainability for 2007.
(Yiatros et al, 2007)
Ā© SY 2013
ProjectBrief
ā€¢ To explore Biomimicry as a new approach to engineering
design
ā€¢ Develop a conceptual structural design for a building that
could integrate one or more building functions/services
Ā© SY 2013
BiomimeticDesignprocedure
Start
Define the problem
Ask the right questions
Translate your findings
into a prototype
Apply it to your problem
Test
End
Search the natural
world for models
Research the work of
other pioneers
Ā© SY 2013
Askingthe right questions
ā€¢Design for verbs not for things
ā€¢ How can you create an
environment for people work
safely and efficiently ?
Ā© SY 2013
Integrationof services
Think of the building (or the project) as an ecosystem
Ā© SY 2013
ā€¢ Efficient structural systems
ā€¢ Minimize energy
consumption
ā€¢ Natural ventilation
ā€¢ Space management
ā€¢ Reduction in waste
Natural Models
Ā© SY 2013
Previouswork
ā€¢ GaudĆ­
ā€¢ Foster + Partners &
ARUP
Ā© SY 2013
Floorplan
ā€¢ Honey comb
ā€¢ Tessellation
ā€¢ Maximum use of space / Minimal
use of construction material
ā€¢ Modularity
ā€¢ Standardization of elements and
connections
Ā© SY 2013
Structure: Vertical Alignment
ā€¢ Moment Resisting Frame
ā€¢ Stocky members
ā€¢ High detail connections
ā€¢ Frame with another system
for lateral stability
ā€¢ Inefficiency
ā€¢ Distracting Views
Ā© SY 2013
Ventilation Strategy
ā€¢ Dome shaped roof
ā€¢ Reduce drag forces
ā€¢ Light wells in the circumference
ā€¢ Allow air from higher altitude
Ā© SY 2013
Thespiral tree grain
Ā© SY 2013
Thespiral tree grain
Ā© SY 2013
TopDownVentilation
ā€¢ Gage, Hunt and Linden, 2001
Ā© SY 2013
TopDownVentilation
Ā© SY 2013
ā€¢ Recycling Air
Structural System
ā€¢ Integration of gravity and lateral
load resistance system
ā€¢ Redundancy
ā€¢ Efficiency through standardisation
ā€¢ Virtually columnless
Ā© SY 2013
Vertical access
ā€¢ Wasp nest
Ā© SY 2013
Studyresults
ā€¢ Concept tested against biomimetic principles with good, but
not perfect result.
ā€¢ Matrix quantifying compliance with principles
ā€¢ Basic merit of the study is the rethinking of the conceptual
design stages.
Ā© SY 2013
Rethinkingthe designprocess
ā€¢ Incorporate Sustainability into the design and construction
right from the beginning
ā€¢ Design integrated systems
ā€¢ Minimize waste by closing the loop not only in construction
but also operation
ā€¢ Biomimicry can offer solutions
ā€¢ Might be worth consulting a biologist to understand natural
systems
ā€¢ Learn to ask the right questions
Ā© SY 2013
BiomimeticDesignSpiral
Ā© SY 2013
Ā© SY 2013
Bhushan, B. 2009
Opportunities: Materials
ā€¢ Carbon neutral and carbon negative materials
ā€¢ HemcreteĀ©
ā€¢ Whole Life Cycle
ā€¢ Structural Stainless steel
ā€¢ Sustainable concrete mix or design
Ā© SY 2013
Biomimicryin design
ā€¢ SOM Frame structure
Ā© SY 2013
Plastic deformations
IntegratedEngineeringDesignOptimization
Ā© SY 2013
ā€¢ Santa Maria Del Pianto, Naples, Italy
ā€¢ Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners
ā€¢ Expedition Engineering Ltd
IntegratedEngineeringDesignOptimization
ā€¢ Algorithms with integrated objective functions.
ā€¢ Structural efficiency
ā€¢ Sunlight
ā€¢ Natural ventilation
Ā© SY 2013
Sustainabilitybeingpartofthedesignalltheway
Ā© SY 2013
ā€¢ Bjarke Ingels: Hedonistic Sustainability
ā€¢ ā€œIt doesnā€™t have to hurt to be goodā€
Summary
ā€¢ Biomimicry has always been around
ā€¢ Mimicking shape
ā€¢ Natural ventilation
ā€¢ An alternative to current practice
ā€¢ EU Directive for zero-energy buildings by 2020
ā€¢ Turning a challenge into a creative opportunity
ā€¢ Biomimetic principles to be used for guidance
ā€¢ Plenty of Applications
ā€¢ Design
ā€¢ Finance
ā€¢ Administration
Ā© SY 2013
Summary
ā€¢ Industrial manufacturing requires high energy
procedures
ā€¢ Nature is based on information
ā€¢ Hierarchy in process or design
ā€¢ Scale effects
ā€¢ Nothing is landfilled
ā€¢ Closing the loop
ā€¢ Local Problems ā€“ Local solutions
ā€¢ Celebrate local expertise
Ā© SY 2013
Conclusion
ā€¢ The depletion of natural resources requires us to cooperate
and diversify our current practices.
ā€¢ Creative solutions from where you least expect it
ā€¢ Tapping in Biology research to solve man-made problems
ā€¢ Take a walk in the park
ā€¢ Launch channels of communication between disciplines
ā€¢ Ultimate common goal
Ā© SY 2013
Thankyoufor listening
ā€¢ Bibliography
ā€¢ Benyus, JM. 1997. Biomimicry: Innovation inspired by Nature.
William Morrow, USA.
ā€¢ Braungart, M & McDonough, W. 2002. Cradle to Cradle: Re-making
the way we make things, USA.
ā€¢ Gage, SA, Hunt, GR & Linden PF. 2001. ā€œTop down ventilation and
coolingā€. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 18, 4, 286ā€“
301.
ā€¢ Ingels, B. ā€œHedonistic Sustainabilityā€. 2011, TEDxEast Talk (available at
www.ted.com)
ā€¢ Innes, S. ā€œCPD course notes on Sustainable Development: Design,
Construction and Maintainanceā€, Thomas Telford Training, London.
ā€¢ Yiatros, S, Wadee, MA & Hunt GR. 2007. ā€œThe load bearing duct:
Biomimicry in Structural Designā€. Proceedings of the ICE Engineering
Sustainability, 160 (ES4), 179-188.
Ā© SY 2013
SupplementaryMaterial available online
ā€¢ Strategy for sustainable construction
ā€¢ ICE Charter for Sustainable Development
ā€¢ Environmental Impact Assessment: Guide to procedures
ā€¢ Biomimicry Guild (www.asknature.org)
ā€¢ Expedition Workshed (www.expeditionworkshed.org)
ā€¢ Resources from Embedding Sustainability to Engineering Curricula
ā€¢ Granta Design CES: Materials selection (www.grantadesign.com)
ā€¢ Business Model Canvass by Alex Osterwalder
Ā© SY 2013

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[Group Design Projects] Sustainability in Engineering

  • 1. Engineering Sustainability: Biomimicry in Civil Engineering Design Stylianos Yiatros PhD DIC MEng ACGI A.M.ASCE stylianos.yiatros@cut.ac.cy A presentation to the CI3-311 Group Design Students Cyprus University of Technology Department of Civil Engineering and Geomatics
  • 2. Biomimicryin CivilEngineeringDesign ā€¢ Introduction ā€¢ Engineering Sustainability ā€¢ Biomimicry ā€¢ Design in nature ā€¢ Biomimetic examples ā€¢ Case study: The Load bearing duct ā€¢ Challenges and Opportunities Ā© SY 2013
  • 3. Introducingmyself Imperial College, MEng Civil & Environmental Engineering (2006) Imperial College, PhD (DIC) Nonlinear Structural Mechanics (2010) Currently Lecturer of Structural Engineering at Cyprus University of Technology Ā© SY 2013 Still in the IC prospectus!
  • 4. Whatis SustainableDevelopment? ā€œdevelopment that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.ā€ (Brundtland Report, 1987) Ā© SY 2013 ICE Charter for Sustainable Development ā€œMeeting the needs of today without compromising the needs of tomorrowā€
  • 6. Sustainabilityin CivilEngineeringProjects A large spectrum of projects and of stakeholders requires a common understanding Ā© SY 2013 insurers investorsLocal authorities clientsDesigners Contractors Facilities Managers Demolition ContractorsDemolition Contractors Planners New-build Refurbishment Buildings Infrastructure
  • 7. ViciousCircle of Blame Ā© SY 2013 (Cadman, 2000) Occupiers: ā€œWe would like to have more sustainable buildings to fulfill our corporate policy commitments but thereā€™s little choice of propertiesā€ Constructors: ā€œWe could build environmentally efficient buildings, but the developers donā€™t ask for themā€ Developers: ā€œWe would ask for environmentally efficient buildings but the investors wonā€™t pay for themā€ Investors: ā€œWe would fund environmentally efficient buildings but thereā€™s not demand for themā€
  • 8. Circleof Virtue Ā© SY 2013 Occupiers: We occupy more environmentally efficient buildings because they are cheaper to run ā€“ and they make us to feel good . Constructors: We build environmentally efficient buildings because our clients demand them. Developers: We demand environmentally efficient buildings because thatā€™s what investors will put their money into. Investors: We fund environmentally buildings because thatā€™s what the occupiers want and they give better returns.
  • 9. Regulationand Policy Ā© SY 2013 Sustainable production and consumption Climate Change and Energy Natural resources and enhancing the environment Creating Sustainable communities
  • 10. Strategy for SustainableConstruction Ā© SY 2013 Aligned with ā€œSecuring the futureā€ Committed, skilled and adaptable workforce SUSTAINABILITY OF THE INDUSTRY ITSELF Improving existing regulation, building on existing strengths Create long-term certainty
  • 11. ā€œSecuring thefutureā€ for Construction Ā© SY 2013 ā€¢ Reduce and ultimately eliminate waste in construction From Thomas Telford Training Series: Sustainable Development ā€“ Design, Construction and Maintenance ā€¢ Re-use of existing built assets and construction of new, long lasting, energy conscious and future-proof structures. ā€¢ Reduction of environmental impact through better products and services Sustainable production and consumption
  • 12. ā€œSecuring thefutureā€ for Construction Ā© SY 2013 ā€¢ Minimize carbon emissions during construction From Thomas Telford Training Series: Sustainable Development ā€“ Design, Construction and Maintenance ā€¢ Design and construct innovative engineering solutions to tackle climate change challenges of the future ā€¢ Design and Construct buildings with lower carbon footprint in operation Climate Change and Energy
  • 13. ā€œSecuring thefutureā€ for Construction Ā© SY 2013 ā€¢ Facilitate water resources conservation in new and refurbishment projects From Thomas Telford Training Series: Sustainable Development ā€“ Design, Construction and Maintenance ā€¢ Proactive in creating, managing and enriching wildlife habitats and natural landscapes ā€¢ Importance of the role for Green Infrastructure Natural resources and enhancing the environment
  • 14. ā€œSecuring thefutureā€ for Construction Ā© SY 2013 From Thomas Telford Training Series: Sustainable Development ā€“ Design, Construction and Maintenance ā€¢ Employs and nurtures a committed, skilled and adaptable workforce working in an environment of zero accidents and incidents with arrangements for education and training, employment, health and safety Creating sustainable communities
  • 15. Strategyā€™s Priorities Ā© SY 2013 From Thomas Telford Training Series: Sustainable Development ā€“ Design, Construction and Maintenance NECESSARY KEY IMPROVEMENTS energy water biodiversity environment waste materials TO DELIVER OUTPUTS procurement Supply team integration design simplification innovation People agenda
  • 16. FutureTrends for legislation and policy Ā© SY 2013 From Thomas Telford Training Series: Sustainable Development ā€“ Design, Construction and Maintenance ā€¢ Increasingly stringent environmental legislation ā€¢ Continual emphasis on Carbon / climate change ā€¢ Binding EU Targets on Renewable Energy ā€¢ Biodiversity ā€¢ Indoor/Outdoor air quality ā€¢ Peak Oil ā€¢ Environmental Performance of Construction
  • 17. Sustainable Construction Ā© SY 2013 From Thomas Telford Training Series: Sustainable Development ā€“ Design, Construction and Maintenance Delivers the business need Fits in its environment Provides ā€œvalue for moneyā€ Benefits users, stakeholders and communities Does not pollute Minimizes consumption of natural and non-renewable resources.
  • 18. Sustainable Engineering Ā© SY 2013 From Thomas Telford Training Series: Sustainable Development ā€“ Design, Construction and Maintenance Use methods that minimise environmental damage to provide sufficient food, water, shelter and access/ mobility for a growing world population. Closing the loop: Design products and processes that use each otherā€™s waste as input or raw materials Incorporate environmental and social constraints as well as economic considerations into engineering decisions.
  • 19. Howdo yougo aboutSustainableEngineering ā€¢ Things to remember ā€¢ ā€œone size fits allā€ solutions usually donā€™t work in different environments ā€¢ Look for local solutions ā€¢ Try to solve the actual problem ā€¢ Integrate services/processes ā€¢ Re-invent your business model! ā€¢ Business Model Canvass Ā© SY 2013
  • 21. Whatis Biomimicry? ā€¢ Biomimicry: ā€¢ From the greek words ā€œbiosā€ (life) and ā€œmimesisā€ (immitation) ā€¢ It is a design principle that seeks sustainable solutions to human problems by consulting and emulating natureā€™s time tested patterns and strategies (BFI, 2005). ā€¢ Also known as ā€¢ Biomimetics ā€¢ Bionics Ā© SY 2013
  • 22. Whyapplybiomimicry? ā€¢ Depletion of natural resources and ecological disasters from use and extraction. ā€¢ Running out of space for storing toxic and hazardous waste. ā€¢ Nature builds and lives on sunlight ā€¢ Natural systems use each othersā€™ bi-products as raw materials. ā€¢ Natural systems have survived 3.8bn years of evolution, adapting and optimizing on the local conditions. Ā© SY 2013
  • 23. Designin nature ā€¢ Tree growth to fit function Bending Moment Diagram Ā© SY 2013
  • 24. Designin nature ā€¢ Structural chemistry ā€¢ Minimum energy configurations ā€¢ Stability O H H 104.5Ėš 109.5Ėš Ā© SY 2013
  • 25. Designin nature ā€¢ Bee honeycomb ā€¢ Optimum storage Ā© SY 2013 ā€¢ Termite Mound ā€¢ Natural ventilation
  • 26. Designin nature Ā© SY 2013 ā€¢ Spider web ā€¢ Light and flexible ā€¢ Fabricated at room temperature ā€¢ Gram to gram three times as strong as steel
  • 27. Natural Design Form (Geometry) Process Material Ā© SY 2013
  • 29. Earlybiomimetics Ā© SY 2013 ā€¢ Greek Mythology ā€¢ Daedalus & Icarus trying to escape Minoan Crete ā€¢ Build wings made of wax mimicking bird flying
  • 30. Earlybiomimetics ā€¢ Ancient arches ā€¢ Load transfer through pure compression Ā© SY 2013
  • 31. Earlybiomimetics Ā© SY 2013 ā€¢ ā€œā€¦ do you know where I found my model? An upright tree; it bears its branches and these in turn the leaves and every individual part has been growing harmoniously, magnificently ever since God, the artist, created itā€¦ā€ A.GaudĆ­
  • 33. Howdid weforget thisknowledge? Industrial revolution Ā© SY 2013
  • 34. Earlysignsof the (ab)useof Industrial Revolution ā€¢ Cholera outbreak in London Ā© SY 2013
  • 35. ModernBiomimicry ā€¢ Business as usual not as easy as thought in the past. ā€¢ Energy becomes expensive, resources scarce. ā€¢ Waste Management a large issue ā€¢ Whole-life cycle of fabricated materials ā€¢ Greater appreciation of natureā€™s complex and highly optimized processes. ā€¢ Mimicking not just shape but processes too. Ā© SY 2013
  • 36. Literatureon Biomimicry Ā© SY 2013 www.asknature.org Watch Janineā€™s TED Talks on www.ted.com
  • 37. BiomimeticPrinciples ā€¢ Nature runs on sunlight. ā€¢ Nature uses only the energy it needs. ā€¢ Nature fits form to function. Ā© SY 2013
  • 38. BiomimeticPrinciples ā€¢ Nature recycles everything. ā€¢ Nature rewards cooperation. ā€¢ Nature banks on diversity. Ā© SY 2013
  • 39. BiomimeticPrinciples ā€¢ Nature demands local expertise. ā€¢ Nature curbs excesses from within. ā€¢ Nature taps the power of limits. ā€¢ Scale matters Ā© SY 2013
  • 40. Biomimicryin design ā€¢ Adhesives - Velcro Ā© SY 2013
  • 43. Biomimicryin integrated buildingdesign ā€¢ A first attempt in 2006 by a small team at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of Imperial College to consider the potential of biomimicry in structural design. ā€¢ Best UG project with Industrial Application in Civil Engineering (2006) ā€¢ Subsequently published in Proc. ICE Engineering Sustainability ā€¢ Best Paper in Engineering Sustainability for 2007. (Yiatros et al, 2007) Ā© SY 2013
  • 44. ProjectBrief ā€¢ To explore Biomimicry as a new approach to engineering design ā€¢ Develop a conceptual structural design for a building that could integrate one or more building functions/services Ā© SY 2013
  • 45. BiomimeticDesignprocedure Start Define the problem Ask the right questions Translate your findings into a prototype Apply it to your problem Test End Search the natural world for models Research the work of other pioneers Ā© SY 2013
  • 46. Askingthe right questions ā€¢Design for verbs not for things ā€¢ How can you create an environment for people work safely and efficiently ? Ā© SY 2013
  • 47. Integrationof services Think of the building (or the project) as an ecosystem Ā© SY 2013 ā€¢ Efficient structural systems ā€¢ Minimize energy consumption ā€¢ Natural ventilation ā€¢ Space management ā€¢ Reduction in waste
  • 49. Previouswork ā€¢ GaudĆ­ ā€¢ Foster + Partners & ARUP Ā© SY 2013
  • 50. Floorplan ā€¢ Honey comb ā€¢ Tessellation ā€¢ Maximum use of space / Minimal use of construction material ā€¢ Modularity ā€¢ Standardization of elements and connections Ā© SY 2013
  • 51. Structure: Vertical Alignment ā€¢ Moment Resisting Frame ā€¢ Stocky members ā€¢ High detail connections ā€¢ Frame with another system for lateral stability ā€¢ Inefficiency ā€¢ Distracting Views Ā© SY 2013
  • 52. Ventilation Strategy ā€¢ Dome shaped roof ā€¢ Reduce drag forces ā€¢ Light wells in the circumference ā€¢ Allow air from higher altitude Ā© SY 2013
  • 55. TopDownVentilation ā€¢ Gage, Hunt and Linden, 2001 Ā© SY 2013
  • 57. Structural System ā€¢ Integration of gravity and lateral load resistance system ā€¢ Redundancy ā€¢ Efficiency through standardisation ā€¢ Virtually columnless Ā© SY 2013
  • 58. Vertical access ā€¢ Wasp nest Ā© SY 2013
  • 59. Studyresults ā€¢ Concept tested against biomimetic principles with good, but not perfect result. ā€¢ Matrix quantifying compliance with principles ā€¢ Basic merit of the study is the rethinking of the conceptual design stages. Ā© SY 2013
  • 60. Rethinkingthe designprocess ā€¢ Incorporate Sustainability into the design and construction right from the beginning ā€¢ Design integrated systems ā€¢ Minimize waste by closing the loop not only in construction but also operation ā€¢ Biomimicry can offer solutions ā€¢ Might be worth consulting a biologist to understand natural systems ā€¢ Learn to ask the right questions Ā© SY 2013
  • 63. Opportunities: Materials ā€¢ Carbon neutral and carbon negative materials ā€¢ HemcreteĀ© ā€¢ Whole Life Cycle ā€¢ Structural Stainless steel ā€¢ Sustainable concrete mix or design Ā© SY 2013
  • 64. Biomimicryin design ā€¢ SOM Frame structure Ā© SY 2013 Plastic deformations
  • 65. IntegratedEngineeringDesignOptimization Ā© SY 2013 ā€¢ Santa Maria Del Pianto, Naples, Italy ā€¢ Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners ā€¢ Expedition Engineering Ltd
  • 66. IntegratedEngineeringDesignOptimization ā€¢ Algorithms with integrated objective functions. ā€¢ Structural efficiency ā€¢ Sunlight ā€¢ Natural ventilation Ā© SY 2013
  • 67. Sustainabilitybeingpartofthedesignalltheway Ā© SY 2013 ā€¢ Bjarke Ingels: Hedonistic Sustainability ā€¢ ā€œIt doesnā€™t have to hurt to be goodā€
  • 68. Summary ā€¢ Biomimicry has always been around ā€¢ Mimicking shape ā€¢ Natural ventilation ā€¢ An alternative to current practice ā€¢ EU Directive for zero-energy buildings by 2020 ā€¢ Turning a challenge into a creative opportunity ā€¢ Biomimetic principles to be used for guidance ā€¢ Plenty of Applications ā€¢ Design ā€¢ Finance ā€¢ Administration Ā© SY 2013
  • 69. Summary ā€¢ Industrial manufacturing requires high energy procedures ā€¢ Nature is based on information ā€¢ Hierarchy in process or design ā€¢ Scale effects ā€¢ Nothing is landfilled ā€¢ Closing the loop ā€¢ Local Problems ā€“ Local solutions ā€¢ Celebrate local expertise Ā© SY 2013
  • 70. Conclusion ā€¢ The depletion of natural resources requires us to cooperate and diversify our current practices. ā€¢ Creative solutions from where you least expect it ā€¢ Tapping in Biology research to solve man-made problems ā€¢ Take a walk in the park ā€¢ Launch channels of communication between disciplines ā€¢ Ultimate common goal Ā© SY 2013
  • 71. Thankyoufor listening ā€¢ Bibliography ā€¢ Benyus, JM. 1997. Biomimicry: Innovation inspired by Nature. William Morrow, USA. ā€¢ Braungart, M & McDonough, W. 2002. Cradle to Cradle: Re-making the way we make things, USA. ā€¢ Gage, SA, Hunt, GR & Linden PF. 2001. ā€œTop down ventilation and coolingā€. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 18, 4, 286ā€“ 301. ā€¢ Ingels, B. ā€œHedonistic Sustainabilityā€. 2011, TEDxEast Talk (available at www.ted.com) ā€¢ Innes, S. ā€œCPD course notes on Sustainable Development: Design, Construction and Maintainanceā€, Thomas Telford Training, London. ā€¢ Yiatros, S, Wadee, MA & Hunt GR. 2007. ā€œThe load bearing duct: Biomimicry in Structural Designā€. Proceedings of the ICE Engineering Sustainability, 160 (ES4), 179-188. Ā© SY 2013
  • 72. SupplementaryMaterial available online ā€¢ Strategy for sustainable construction ā€¢ ICE Charter for Sustainable Development ā€¢ Environmental Impact Assessment: Guide to procedures ā€¢ Biomimicry Guild (www.asknature.org) ā€¢ Expedition Workshed (www.expeditionworkshed.org) ā€¢ Resources from Embedding Sustainability to Engineering Curricula ā€¢ Granta Design CES: Materials selection (www.grantadesign.com) ā€¢ Business Model Canvass by Alex Osterwalder Ā© SY 2013