The passage discusses the importance of good governance in a democracy. It makes three key points: 1) The primary duty of a democratic state is not just to protect life and liberty, but to enable citizens to live comfortably. 2) For a democracy to function properly, citizens must realize they are responsible for electing representatives, not just conferring power on relatives or local candidates. 3) A society with good governance requires most citizens to willingly follow laws and regulations, not just 10% while 90% break them, otherwise there could be no order or harmony. Compliance is highest in countries like Switzerland.

1. B.Sc.(Sem-2) (CBCS)
March/April-2018
Scientific Technical Communication Skills
Marks:70] [Time : 2½ hrs
1. Explain the types and tactics of reading. [14]
Ans. Reading is divided into two types based on the way it function and the level of attention
it requires:
A] Extensive Reading: This means reading for pleasure and relaxation. A reader can take any topic
of interest and read it at ease. The purpose is to enjoy. Since our childhood, we have been reading
comic books, stories, tales, novels and now general studies or specific interest books or other
publications. There is no binding on us to read them and appear in some examination. This type or
reading does not carry any accountability on the part of the reader and doesn’t invade his pleasure
of reading.
B] Intensive reading: As the term itself states, Intensive is ‘in depth. This type of reading is careful
reading with the utmost concern for the understanding of the text in hand. This is related more to
the academic reading that we talk of today and consider as the primary goal of a student. One reads
for details and for collection of information and knowledge. Specialisation comes through the types
of reading. Research papers, term papers. Oral report or project assignment are prepared and
submitted through this reading.
Since, Extensive reading is reading for pleasure and enjoyment, the reader can carry it out at one’s
own pace, in one’s own manner and the ease and comfort during the moments of relaxation.
Intensive reading on the other hand, is an in‐depth reading and reading with a purpose. So, it is
necessary for the reader to sharpen one’s reading skill.
Reading skill – Tactics:
Beyond the printed page, a skilled reader drawn conclusions and inference from what he or she
reads. Moreover, the written material may sometimes be full of grammatical and linguistic errors
or illegible. Therefore, effective reading skill requires conscious effort and concentration. This leads
to the importance of strategic reading. For strategic reading, “SQ3R” system of study has been
recommended. This SQ3R stands for:
S – SURVEY: gather the information required and set the goal
Q – QUESTION: engage, concentrate to prepare your questions.
R – READ: look for the answers to your questions
R – RECALL: stop for while and reflect upon your questions
R – REVISE: go back over the entire matter again

2. This would enable the readers to retain their learning permanently. In order to acquire this art of
strategic reading, one also needs to explore the five types of reading styles/tactics as mentioned
below:
1] Labelling: Labelling a document does not intend to go into detailed facts but it helps the reader
to understand the context of the document. In labelling, the reader focuses upon the title of the
document, main headings and sub‐headings, special print, illustrations, graphs and tables which
would enable the reader to build up an idea of the text/document as a whole.
2] Skimming: Skimming means to explore the document/ text so as to get a general view of the
document. It is considered the most valuable reading tool for the busy office executives who need
to do maximum reading in minimum time wherein the reader allows one’s eyes to wander across
the page without regular fixation, trying to pack out important words and meaning.
3] Scanning: The technique of scanning is normally associated with reading newspapers, business
magazines and special news bulletins which help the reader to stay in touch with latest
developments in the fields of politics, business, finance and the world around.
4] Sampling: The technique of sampling enables the reader to develop an outline picture of the
whole text. The reader focuses upon the preface, index, introduction and conclusion and then
decides what the book or report is about and whether it is worth or necessary to read it in detail
or not.
5] Studying: Studying involves all the stages of SQ3R. It requires repeated reading and taking
notes of the important points so as to enable the reader not only to understand the stated
meaning but also the impact meaning so as to arrive to an appropriate conclusion or take a wise
decision regarding a matter or issue.
OR
1] Explain the process of reading.
Ans. Effective reading is an important skill that demands conscious and continuous cultivation of
good reading habit. It results out of a complex mental process that comprises of the following five
stages.
1] Pre‐ Reading:
‐ Set purposes
‐connect to past personal experiences
‐connect to prior literary experiences
‐connect to special interests
‐Make predication
‐ preview the text‐consult the index to locate information

3. * The goal is to build connections and make text more comprehensible.
2] Reading:
‐make predictions
‐ apply skill and strategies
‐read independently; with a partner, using shared reading or guided reading; or listen to the text
read aloud
‐ read the illustrations, charts, and diagrams
‐read the entire text from beginning to end
‐read one or more selection of text to learn specific information
‐take notes
* The goal is to encourage student initiated reading.
3] Responding:
‐write in a reading log
‐participate in a grand conversation or instructional conversation
* The goal is to encourage self regulatory actions that can be used to facilitate comprehension.
4] Exploring:
‐reread and think more deeply about the text
‐make connections with personal experiences
‐make connections with other literary experiences
‐examine the author’s craft
‐identify memorable quotes
‐learn new vocabulary words
* The goal is to allow the reader to personalize learning and deepen understanding
5] Applying:
‐ construct projects
‐information in thematic units
‐with related books

4. ‐reflect on their interpretation
‐value the reading experiences
‐‐The goal is to help students integrate learning into their own scheme
Throughout the reading process reader use a variety of strategies, sometimes multiple strategies at
a time to help them make meaning from a text.
Que.2 Explain the components of effective speaking. [14]
Ans. Public speaking is generally considered as one of the greatest (and the most common) fears
that can make your palms sweat. But there are many ways to tackle this anxiety and learn to deliver
a memorable speech. Given below are some public speaking tips that will help reduce your anxiety,
dispel myths, and improve your performance.
A] Nervousness is normal. Practice and prepare: The best way to overcome anxiety is to prepare,
prepare and prepare some more. Take the time to go over your notes several times. Once you have
become comfortable with the material, practice a lot. Videotape yourself, or get a friend to critique
your performance.
B] Know your audience. Your speech is about them. Not you: Before you begin to craft your
message, consider who the message is intended for. Learn as much about your choice of words, level
o f information, organization patter, and motivational statement.
C] Organize your material in the most effective manner to attain your purpose: Create the
framework for your speech. Write down the topic general purposes, specific purpose, central
idea, and main points. Make sure grab the audience’s attention in the first 30 seconds.
D] Watch for the feedback and adapt to it: keep the focus on the audience gauge their reactions,
adjust your message, and stay flexible. Delivering a canned speech will guarantee that you lose the
attention of or confuse even the most devoted listener.
E] Let your personality come through: Be yourself, don’t become a talking head in any type of
audience will trust what you have to say if they can see you as a real person.
F] Use humour, tell stories, and use effective language
G] Don’t read unless you have to work from an outline
H] Use your voice and hands effectively. Omit nervous gestures
I] grab attention at the and close with the dynamic end
J] Use audiovisual aids wisely
OR
2] What are the Do’s and Don’ts for group discussion?
Ans. Do’s :
SPEAK – very important
Initiate and begin – BUT if you have a good point Keep it

5. short and simple
Follow the principle of oral communication Be involved
and coherent
Address the whole group, not a single person
Substantiate your point with proper examples Be a good
listener
Try to exhibit your leadership quality
Greet the group cheerfully and confidently put up the method you would like to follow
Always maintain a calm temper. If opposed, use polite expressions to restate your position
Jot down your ideas and organise them before speaking
If a superior idea is expressed with specialized knowledge, be ready to accept and adopt it
If you find someone else emerging as a leader, be ready to provide your healthy
Co‐operate to the leader
Part with the group cheerfully
Maintain eye contact while speaking and listening
Have open and receptive mind
Be co‐operative and have sporting
spirit Do not indulge in parallel
conversation Use tact, humour and wit
If things get chaotic, try to provide a fresh direction to the discussion
Try to arrive at a conclusion within the time limit specified
DON’TS:
Speak loudly
Adopt a negative stance
Give a casual look
Flay hand
Talk too fast
Beat around the bush

6. Oppose others unnecessarily
Provide opportunities to others to speak Be inert
Be too aggressive either
Avoid one to one discussion rush
interrupt abruptly‐ to calm down say
“You are right........but I think......it’s important........”
QUE.3
A] Write dialogues between two friends talking about their plan for summer vacation.[07]
Ans.
Zafi: Hello Zarif! How are you?
Zarif: I am fine. What's up to you?
Zafi: I am also fine by the grace of Almighty. What are you thinking now?
Zarif: I am recollecting the incident about how I enjoyed the summer vacation.
Zafi: Would you please describe it?
Zarif: Yes, why not? I went to my village home at Mymensingh. My heart leapt with
joy when I met some known faces waiting for me.
Zafi: Were they very happy to find you among them?
Zarif: Certainly! They were very happy to find me among them. They welcomed
me heartily. I was also pleased with their rustic simplicity.
Zafi: What did you do there?
Zarif: During my long stay there, I did a lot of things which gave me much pleasure
and joy. The most interesting thing is that the village was free from urban noise.
Zafi: Didn't you go to the river?Zarif: Certainly! One day my cousin along with his
friends set a programme of boat riding in the river of Brahamaputra. We enjoyed
the boat riding greatly.
Zafi: I see you enjoyed much. Did you make friendship with them?
Zarif: Yes. I made friendship with some of my cousin’s friends. I visited their
homes off and on and enjoyed their hospitality.
Zafi: Oh, what a splendid summer vacation it was! Had I been with you!
Zarif: I also visited a village fair in the neighbouring village. That was a very
crowded but enjoyable fair too. It would really be nice if you were with me.
Zafi: Really I feel thrill. Thanks for your nice description.
Zarif: Most welcome to you.
B] Write a press report on picnic organized by your college. [07]
Ans.

7. Anand Arts college Picnic
Our college organized a picnic for first year students, last Saturday. The yellow
college buses, fully packed with students and teachers headed for Bliss Resort in
the foothills of the Himalayas. The students were extremely excited to reach the
destination. All the students kept singing songs in the bus till they reached the
venue.
Students were welcomed by the people by applying ’tilak’ on their foreheads.
After entering the gate, we all were served soft drinks followed with breakfast of
idli chutney, poha, and paranthas. The next event was a magic show which all
students looked forward to. The magician performed some amazing tricks which
both students and teachers enjoyed a lot. The next event was the Dj Dance. All
students danced on the floor with great energy on the thumping dance numbers.
Even the teachers could not resist the luring temptation of the dance floor. After
the dance we all took the students for a horse cart ride and bullock cart ride
followed by a toy train ride which the students enjoyed a lot. After a tiring and fun
packed morning we all headed for lunch. The dining hall, filled with the fragrance
of food triggered our hunger and we all relished multi-cuisine food. Later the
students were allowed to play in the park.
The most attractive activity of the picnic was the boat ride in the nearby ‘Swati
Lake’. It is such a beautiful lake that I had never seen the like of it before. All
around it were green mountains. The water of the lake was crystal clear. Where it
was not deep, one could see the bottom and many species of colourful fish
swimming in it.
The college buses started homeward journey at about 5 p.m. At about 8 p.m. the
buses entered the college campus. The parents had already been waiting for their
children. Everyone had a big smile on their faces indicating they had had a great
fun.
QUE.4 A] Fill in the blanks with appropriate model auxiliary given in the
bracket: [Can, could, might, must, may, should] [06]
1. This is impossible, it UmightU be a mistake!
2. It’s very cold today. Do you think it mustU U snowlater?
3. When he was young he couldU U danceall night long.
4. I think you UshouldU try to speak to her.
5. She canUU drive but she takes the bus to go to work.
6. MayUU you win the competition!
B] Study the following table and answer the questions given below: [08]
Carver elementary sells ice cream to raise money for the annual spring
field trip.
Flavour Monday Tuesday Wednesday
STRAWBERRY 130 116 121
SHORT CAKE

8. CHOCALATE 78 42 137
ECLAIR
SUNDAE CONE 43 23 17
ICECREAM 45 21 35
SANDWICH
CRUNCH BAR 20 11 17
1] How many crunch bars were sold on Wednesday?
Ans. 17 crunch bars were sold on Wednesday.
2] What was the total number of ice cream sold on Wednesday?
Ans. 327
3] What was the total number of crunch bars sold on the 3 days?
Ans. 48
4] What was the total number of ice creams sold on Monday?
Ans. 316
5] On which day were the most sundae cones sold?
Ans. On Monday
QUE. 5 A] READ THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
GIVEN BELOW: (ANY FOUR) [08]
The subject “good governance” is both topical and timely. It is an axiom of
political science that a state comes into being for life but it exists for good
life. The duty of the state is not only to protect life and liberty but goes
further, to enable the people to live in a measure of physical and mental
comfort. Democracy is government by the citizens themselves. The people
should realise that they are responsible for choosing the right and proper
persons to represent them in national affairs. In colonial administration the
government was different from the people. Those governments ruled but
without the consent and concurrence of the people. The old concept still
persists in the masses today. They do not realise that the general election
is the occasion for them to choose a government for themselves. On the
contrary, the masses feel that the franchise is a patronage to be conferred
on their kith and kin, or the local candidate, or one of their caste and
religious fraternity. In mature democracies, a person who changes his party
affiliation or crosses the floor, seldom gets re-elected by the electorate.
They do not trust him to stand firm by the policies and programmes
proposed by him. In India a person who was in congress government and
immediately thereafter in the janata government and then a
chandrashekhar government was re-elected and come once again into the
congress government.
The electorate votes for a criminal or a corrupt candidate, and bemoans
that the country has a bad government. The electorate does not realise that
even as it contributes to its own household expenditure, it has to contribute
to the country’s governance. It is easily misled by the unscrupulous promises
of political parties of free food, free clothes,free electricity, free
everything. Even enlighten people plead for tax concessions, subsides and
incentives obvious of the fact that they are met by borrowings which in turn

9. impose burdens indirectly on themselves. Besides, in a true democracy, the
people voluntarily observe the laws, rules and regulations as they are forged
by themselves in the interest of good governance. It is only because 90% of
the people abide by the laws and 10% transgress them that the state is able
to maintain order and harmony. If the situation were reversed with 90%
transgressing the law and 10% abiding by it, there can be no organised
society, no peace and harmony. Some of the advanced countries, notably
Switzerland, have perhaps the highest degree of compliance. A mere board
stating that the board is closed will be complied with by almost 100% of the
people.
1) Which of the following is supposed to be the most relevant duty of the
state?
Ans. The duty of the state is not only to enable the people to live in a
measure of physical and mental comfort.
2) What is the basic difference between democracy and colonial rule?
Ans. Democracy is government by the citizens themselves but colonial
ruled but without the consent and concurrence of the people.
3) Why does a person changing his party find it hard to get re-elected in
mature democracies?
Ans. In mature democracies, a person who changes his party affiliation or
crosses the floor, seldom gets re-elected by the electorate. They do not trust
him to stand firm by the policies and programmes proposed by him.
4) In country like India, who is mainly responsible for good or bad
governance?
Ans. It is only because 90% of the people abide by the laws and 10%
transgress them that the state is able to maintain order and harmony.
5) What makes Switzerland a successful democracy?
Ans. Switzerland, have perhaps the highest degree of compliance which
make it a successful democracy.
B. Draft an advertisement for new brand toothpaste. [06]

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