Biogeographical classification of India:Biodiversity, Himalayan zone, semi arid zone, deccan plateau, north east india, indian deserts, red panda, monal pheasant, xerophytic plants, salt desert, rann of kutch

1. BIODIVERSITY
Lecture-2

2. Bio-Geo-Graphical Classification
of India
By
Dr. Suri Babu Golla
Assistant Professor
EM & H Department
SRKR Engineering College
Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh.
Mail: suribabu.g@srkrec.ac.in

3. BIOGEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF INDIA
 Biogeographical classification of India was
accomplished by Rodgers and Panwar (1988)
describing 10 zones in India based on factors such
as altitude, moisture, topography, rainfall etc.
 These zones are used as a basis for planning wild
life protected areas in India.
 These zones deals with the geographical distribution
of plants and animals.

4.  North East India

5. TRANS HIMALAYAN REGION
 It covers 25,000 sq kms, a vast stretch of the cold desert.
Lies in northern Himalayan range, surrounds entire tibetan plateau,
Ladakh and Zanskar range.
The range exhibits scarce vegetation and richest habitat of wild
sheep and goats.
Tibetan antelope, snow leopard, blue sheep, bear, wild deer, yak,
Himalayan pit viper and wild ass are some of the imp animals present
in the parts of tibetan Himalayas.

7. TRANS HIMALAYAS

8. Chiru Black necked crane Himalayan pit viper
Trans - Himalaya Zone

9. HIMALAYAS

10. HIMALAYAS
 The regions of J&K, H.P, Uttaranchal, Sikkim, W.B, Arunachal
Pradesh, Mizoram, Nagaland, Manipur, Assam and Trpura.
 Separate india from tibetan plateau.
 3rd largest deposit of ice and snow.
There is no vegetation above the snowline.
Predominant trees found in this region are pine and oak.
Animals include panda, snow leopard and brown bear are dominant.

11. Himalaya zone
Ibex Red Panda Monal Pheasant

13. NORTH WEST DESERT ZONE
 Kutch, Thar and Ladakh comprises the desert zone.
Summers are very hot and dry, winters are very cold.
Rainfall is often lessthan 700mm.
Xerophytic plants like Acacia, Tecomella grows in these areas.
Rann of Kutch serves as breeding place for the flamingoes.
Great Indian Bustard, camels, wild asses, black buck, snacks are
found here.

14. THAR DESRT- RAJASTHAN
 17th LARGEST DESERT
 85% IN INDIA AND REMAINING IN PAKISTAN
 CROPS- EUCALYPTUS, ACACIA, JOJOBA
 649KM INDIRA GANDHI CANAL BRINGS FRESH WATER
TO DESERT
 PROTECTED AREAS- DESERT NATIONAL PARK-3162KM2
44 VILLAGES- GREAT INDIAN BUSTARD, BLACK BUCK, BENGAL FOX
 TAL CHHAPAR SANCTUARY-789SQ.KM- BIRD AREA
 23 SPECIES OF LIZARDS, 25 SPECIES OF SNAKES, 141 SPECIES OF
BIRDS, INDIAN PEA FOWL
 PLSES CULTIVATION
 SECOND LARGEST SOURCE OF CEMENT IN INDIA
 PETROL AND NATURAL GAS RESERVES
 WIND POWER GENERATION 5500MV

15. XEROPHYTIC PLANTS

16. SALT DESERT- RANN OF KUTCH- GUJARAT
 TROPIC OF CANCER PASSES FROM HERE
 SALT EXTRACTION OPERATIONS
 INDIAN WILD ASS SANCTUARY
 KUTCH DESERT WILD LIFE SANCTUARY
 NARAYAN SAROVAR SANCTUARY
 KUTCH BUSTARD SANCTUARY

17. GANGETIC PLAIN
 It extends from the himalaya foot hiss in the north and covers U.P,
Bihar and W.B.
This is the India’s most fertile region with alluvial sediments and
Ganga, Brahmaputra deltas.
This zone having highest population density.
Highly depended on agriculture based economy.
Animals like elephants, black buck, Inidan Rhino, crocodile, fresh
water turtle are seen here.

18. GANGETIC PLIAN

19. Gangetic Plains
Rhino
Otter Terrapin

21.  This region streches from southern tip to North about 1600 km
upto the mouth of Tapati river.
Covers only 5% of India’s land but having more than 4000 spp,
which are 1800 are endemic spp.
Avg hieght of mountains lies from 900 – 150 m from mean sea level.
One among the global hot spots
Nilgiri langaur, lion-tailed macaque, malabar grey horn bill and other
14 endemic species are found in this zone.
Revieves good rainfall, consists temperate decidous forests and
mangrove forests.
WESTERN GHATS

22. WESTERN GHATS

23. Western- Ghats
Lion Tailed Macaque Malabar-civet Horn bill

24. Draco

25. MUGGER CROCODILE PURPLE FROG MALABAR GLIDING FROG
PIPE SNAKE
DENISONS BARB NILGIRI WOOD PEGION
BAMBOO FUNGUS TAMIL LACE WING SNAIL

26. DECCAN PENINSULA

27.  Large area covers 43% India’s land.
Consists southern, central and northern plateau with tropical
dry deciduous forests.
Being situated beyond the Western Ghats, it is mostly semi-arid
region.
Tigers, elephants, wild buffaloes are seen here.
DECCAN PLATEAU

28. Deccan Peninsula
Jerdon's Courser
(Rhinoptilus
bitorquatus )
Swamp deer
mugger

29.  It is the transitional zone between desert and western ghats,
comprises M.P, Chhattisgarh and Gujarat.
Vegetation is discontinuous.
Thorny shrubs, xerophytic plants, Tectona grandis, Acacia,
Calotropis etc.
Birds, leopards, eagle, snakes, foxes, buffaloes, asiatic lion are
present in this zone.
SEMI-ARID ZONE

30.  This is the richest region in terms of vegetaion and rainfall as
much as 1000 cm.
Dense elephant population is found here.
Mostly evergreen and semi evergreen rain forests.
NORTH-EAST INDIA

31. COAST LINE
 7516.6KM COAST LINE TOUCHING 13 STATES AND UNION
TERITORRIES
 EAST COAST- EASTERN GHATS TO BAY OF BENGAL, CONSISTS
OF DELTAS IN MAHANADI, GODAVARI, KRISHNA, KAVERI RIVERS
AND CHILAKA, PULICAT LAKES
 WEST COASTS- SHORT STREAMS, LAKES, LAGOONS,
BACKWATERS
 LARGE DEPOSITS OF MINERAL OIL
SANDS OF KERALA COAST HAVE LARGE DEPOSITS OF MOZANITE
WHICH IS USED IN NUCLEAR POWER
 GUJARAT- SALT PRODUCTION
 KERALA BACK WATERS- TOURIST DESTINATIONS

32. COASTS OF INDIA

33. Coasts
Dugong Sand Skink

34. COAST LINE
 Presence of back water are distinctive of this coastal
regions.
Rivers like Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery with
extensive deltaic systems.
Estuaries and mangrove also observed.
Highest tiger population with rice is the main crop
cultivated in these areas.

36.  Islands of Lakshadweep in the Arabian sea, Andaman and
Nicobar islands in the Bay of Bengal with nearly consists of 325
islands.
This zone exhibits a wide variety of coastal vegetation of
mangrove plants.
Coral reefs, 200 endemic higher plants are found here.
ISLANDS

37. Islands
Dolphin Narcondam Hornbill olive ridley turtle

38. Islands
CORAL REEFS

40. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS

42. LAKSHADWEEP ISLANDS

43. ISLAND GROUPS OF INDIA
 ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS: WET EVERGREEN FORESTS,
86.2% FOREST AREA IS COVERED BY MANGROVES
 LAKSHADWEEP - SMALLEST UNION TERRITORY
 CORAL ISLANDS
 600 SPECIES OF MARINE FISH
 78 SPECIES OF CORALS
 82 SPECIES OF SEA WEED
 52 SPECIES OF CRABS
 101 SPECIES OF BIRDS

44. Thank you
Dr. Suri Babu Golla
Asst. Professor,
S.R.K.R. Engg. College,
Bhimavaram.