FACTORS

Factors Influencing the Multinationals and Local Companies...
Bodawala Priyanka Manish Business and its Environment Dr. Racz Matron and Dr. MГЎrta Szabados August 25, 2009. Factors influencing the
multinationals and local companies for the market position. INTRODUCTION Couple of years before the policy maker decided to lower down the
tariff barriers and to give permission for foreign investment. Multinational companies have started rushing into countries where they wanted to achieve
the market position (Arindam K. Bhattacharya and David C. Michael) The entry of multinationals is good for the country as they bring... Show more
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As a result the revenue was doubled than revenue in china between 1998 and 2005 and now exports the China's product to 70 countries (Orit Gadiesh,
Philip Levng and Till Vestring 2008 p.82). Foreign companies dealing with good enough decision in china will need to consider the factors like are
companies still achieving high returns or returns eroding? Another is company's market position – Are you a leader or niche player? (Orit Gadiesh,
Philip Levng and Till Vestring p. 83). Than perform through out the market and competitor analysis. For company to expand into middle market this
knowledge will have important decision about it, as to land as an existing player in that space or should come up with a good–enough partner.
Managers of multinationals to understand between the china's premium and good enough market segments should carefully conduct the market
analysis. Arindam K. Bhattacharya and David C. Michael (2008) says that tariff barriers have been lowered and foreign investment have been
permitted, multinationals have rushed into countries and it appeared like they would quickly defeat the local rival and capture the market for every
product or services. Poor nations like Brazil, Mexico, India, and Russia were assuring that local enterprise would be washed out by
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Internalization Strategy Of Lenovo
1.0 Introduction
The main objectives of this report is to identify and critically evaluate the strategies used by a chosen Multinational Company (MNC) to
internationalize. Firstly, this report will clearly analyzed the current internalization strategies that being used by the chosen Multinational Company
(MNC) which is Lenovo Group Limited and its relationship with the theory of internalization.
Secondly, a relevant of internalization strategies will be proposed in this report which is suitable for the internalization of Lenovo Group Limited.
1.1 Background of the case
The chosen company is Lenovo Group Limited which is a multinational technology company that is headquartered in Beijing, China. Established in
1988, Lenovo is the largest information technology enterprise in China, engaged primarily in the sale and manufacturing of personal computers, mobile
telephone handsets, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 2005, Lenovo acquired IBM's PC division, aiming to transform itself into a sizable multinational PC manufacturer. Lenovo paid US$1.3 billion to
IBM with a combination of considerations of cash and stock. As a result of the acquisition, Lenovo gained the rights to the product lines as well as a
range of intangible assets, including licensed trademarks, such as ThinkVision, ThinkPad and NetVista. Moreover, the acquisition included IBM's
desktop and notebook computer businesses as well as its PCвЂђrelated R&D centers, manufacturing plants, global marketing networks and service
centers. Both intangible and tangible assets were considered to be strategic for Lenovo's plan to become a global technology company. (Ng, A.W.,
Chatzkel, J., Lau, K.F. and Macbeth, D. 2012)2.1.2 Joint

Walmart Is A Multinational Retail Company
Walmart Organization Walmart is a multinational retail company that runs a network of more than 11,000 discount retail stores as well as warehouse
stores distributed in more than 27 countries. Its headquarters are located in Bentonville, United. It ranks as the world's leading private employer with
over 2.2 million employees serving in different countries' retail stores. Walmart operates as a family owned organization that is managed by the Walton
family. The Walton siblings own more than 50% of this company through managing the Walton Enterprises as well as through individual holdings
(Charles, 2014). Walmart is equally ranked among the highly valuable companies, in terms of market value, as well as the biggest grocery retailer
where it generates more than 51% of its sales from the grocery business. This paper explores Walmart's operation management with regard to supply
chain characteristics, global business operations, production processes, the company commitment to quality and excellence, inventory methodologies,
operational planning and movement towards lean processes (Massengill, 2013). Walmart Organization History and background information Walmart's
history dates back in 1945 when Sam Walton bought an outlet of the Ben Franklin retail stores with the aim of selling products at a relatively low cost,
so as to generate huge sale volumes and make profits at a low margin. Although this portrayed the purchased outlet as a crusade for most consumers,

How Mergers And Acquisition Affect Financial Performance
Student Name: Wenqing Gu Student ID: 201114686
Title:
Can company create value through M&A in technology industry?
Research area – according to different data btw acquiring firms and target firms to analysis their company value changes before & after in disclosure
date.
Company choiceпјљ Cisco system Inc, Lenovo Group Ltd, Microsoft Corporation
Objectives
The report will focus on analysis what kind of impact will affect companies' financial performance and its value through companies' mergers and
acquisition in technology industry.
This article will use a variety of ways for detailed analysis of how Mergers and acquisition affect financial performance, such as use the financial ratio
to analysis corporate performance. Then use the PESTEL theory to analysis whether companies can benefit from Mergers and acquisition.
Rational for chosen industry and companies
Over the past few years, technology industry is important sector in our society, as the change of the global economic environment; the technology
industry has great changes have taken place around the world. Frequent new products and category innovation define and redefine the sector's
constantly shifting landscape. Increasingly, technology firms are reexamining the structure of their businesses and taking bold steps to squeeze out
better financial performance (Strategyand.pwc.com, 2015).
Lenovo is a multinational company. Lenovo is mainly oriented to China, Americas, Asia Pacific, and Europe–Middle east–Africa.

The, Inc. : An American Multinational Company
Amazon.com, Inc. is an American multinational company that specializes in providing cloud computing and electronic commerce services to its
customers who are evenly distributed all over the world. The company's headquarters are located at Seattle, Washington in the United States of
America. The company was founded in 1994 by Jeff Bezos who acts as the president, chairman and the chief executive officer (CEO) up to date.
Currently, the company trades its shares publicly on the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ) securities under
the stock ticker name NASDAQ: AMZN. The company has under through a series of changes and organizational development over the past two
decades. For instance, the company was... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is important to note that all these water vessels must always fly the United States of America flag hence the name US flag services. The use of the
United States flag services is always advantageous to the individuals and companies transporting their commodities through company's services since
it is a complete assurance that their products are safe. These vessels are always occupied by highly trained personnel who provide security to the
goods being transported and curb the threats imposed by the pirates in the seas (Myerson, 2015).
Additionally, the US flag services provide its customers with an in house 24–hour cargo technical management. The commodities being transported are
always treated with the utmost care they deserve thanks to the vast expertise that the firm has put in place. For instance, the company has structural
engineers, naval architects and master mariners who are concerned with the functionality, maintenance and the sailing of the vessel respectively. Each
of every category of the employees are highly trained and experienced in their work based on the 10 year period that the company has been in place.
It is important to note that the stated services are always provided for under the service delivery scope of the US Ocean Flag Services Maritime Inc.
Therefore, the Amazon.com, Inc. only

Multinational Companies Influenced By National Strategies
Multinational companies influenced by national strategies by making governments rival each other to be appealing to multinational company interest
in their nation. Multinational companies frequently hold control over nearby and national governments through a syndication on mechanical and
licensed innovation. Due to their size, multinationals can likewise significantly affect government approach through the danger of market withdrawal.
Financial globalization alludes to expanding monetary association of national economies over the world through a fast increment in cross–outskirt
development of merchandise, administrations, innovation and capital. Multinational organizations assume a key part in this procedure. The individuals
who ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cases
Walmart is a case of an extensive multinational enterprise that frequently applies impact on political procedures through campaigning, commitments to
crusades, and dangers of market withdrawal.
India is a case of a nation that, financially, has profited from globalization – it has seen quick GDP development and has a developing working class
with a rising way of life.
Certain parts of Mexico delineate the disadvantages of globalization – agriculturists in northwestern states pitch create to California while experiencing
unhealthiness and poor work conditions.
Give us criticism on this substance:
A multinational partnership (MNC) or multinational endeavor (MNE) is a corporate undertaking that oversees creation or conveys benefits in more
than one nation.
A MNC contrasts marginally from a transnational partnership (TNC), on the grounds that while MNC 's are generally national organizations with
outside backups, a TNC does not distinguish itself with one national home. In any case, these terms are regularly utilized reciprocally. Multinational
organizations can have an effective impact in neighborhood economies, and even the world economy.

Impact on Local and National Economies
National and neighborhood governments frequently rival each other to draw in MNC offices, with the desire of expanded expense income, work, and
financial movement. To contend, political substances may offer MNCs

The Brand Awareness Of Multinational Companies And Social...
2.4. The brand awareness of multinational firms and social media
According to the content above, it is clearly to see brand awareness is the most important goal for multinational firms, Tomi Jokinen has undertaken a
study about brand awareness on social media in 2016. Jokinen (2016) stated that brand awareness is a very important in brand equity, and increasing
brand awareness is usually one of the most important goals of branding. "Brand recognition refers to the consumer's ability to recognize a brand when
presented with a visual or a verbal cue. Brand recall on the other hand refers to the consumer's ability to remember a brand name when thinking about
the category it is linked to." (Percy and Rossiter 1992, 265). Simultaneously, Jokinen (2016) demonstrated that on social media users can engage in
direct conversation with brands and with each other, which makes it a good platform for relationship and word–of–mouth marketing. Here is
two–directional vertical engagement can be seen in Figure 1. (Blanchard, 2011, 10)
ORGANIZATION CONSUMERS
ORGANIZATION CONSUMERS Figure 1. Vertical engagement: two
–directional
Source: Blanchard (2011, 10)
"Today social media allows users to share content, links, comments, and post their opinions that reach a multitude of other users rapidly." (Jokinen,
2016), the later engagement can be seen in Figure 2. (Blanchard 2011, 11)
Figure 2. The later engagement Source: Blanchard

What Is A Multinational Company?
What is a multinational company? The best explanation of what a multinational company is simply company which operates in two or more
countries. With the competition within the global market, exploration for expanding into new markets with products and services is a necessity in
order to stay ahead of the competition. Gaining and maintaining a competitive edge in the global business world increases an organization's chances
of a more promising future. In order to consider reaching out into the global markets for a particular service or product, a company needs to be very
successful where there company originated. In order to be a leader in the global business world, an organization has to successfully displayed financial
control as well as... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Being able to react or stay ahead of changes along the way, a company's local following will usually stand by them and render support. If given an
opportunity to present my own revolutionary product to an emerging market, the product would be one that harvested the energy from the sun and
wind for utilization and residential and industrial applications. This product would also filter the carbon monoxide being committed by automobiles
thus aiding and the reduction of greenhouse gases. Using the inorganic growth process, I would try to merge into the growing international energy
conservation device market.
APPLE INC. (Apple or "the company") designs, manufactures, and markets mobile communication and media devices, personal computers, and
portable digital music players, and sells a variety of related software, services, peripherals, networking solutions, and third–party digital content and
applications ((Apple Inc. SWOT Analysis. (2014). The company was founded by three individuals in 1976. Steve Jobs is the most famous of the three
founders but Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne played a part in establishing the Apple brand. The company primarily operates in the US, Europe and
Asia Pacific. It is headquartered in Cupertino, California and employed 84,400 people as of September 28, 2013, including 80,300full–time equivalent
employees and 4,100 full–time equivalent temporary employees and contractors (Apple Inc. SWOT Analysis. (2014).
Within the technology

The Multinational Company : Multinational Corporation
*The multinational corporation
Multinational Corporation can be defined as a corporation that has its facilities and other assets in at least one
country other than its home country. Such companies have offices and or factories in different countries and usually
have a centralized head office where they co–ordinate global management. It can also be defined as a multinational
corporation which is usually a large corporation which produces or sells goods or services in various countries.
*Culture shock experienced by managers who work abroad
What is culture shock? It is a phenomenon that all types of expatriates experience, no matter if they work abroad for
the first time or if they are veterans in the field of expat assignments. Often, it is the deeper cultural differences in
mindset, customs and interpersonal interaction that trigger this phenomenon and turn cultural transition into a
struggle. The majority of ethical issues an individual encounters abroad occur when the cultural expectations clash
with those of the country they are working in. These issues can create a dilemma and cause them to doubt
themselves and the company they are working with.
*Fair trade issue
Like in any system, there are some criticisms and issues with fair trade for example in some countries in Europe

producers pay a certain amount to register for certification and also pay yearly fees to keep the certification which
takes away their hard earned, much needed money away

How Companies Use Their Website to Gain and Sustain...
Long Island University| E–Commerce Project| How Companies Use Their Website to Gain and Sustain Competitive Advantage| Course:MBA
620–001Instructor:Dr. Shailendra C. Jain Palvia| Li, YiLiao, JiaxingLin, FangyunLuo, Kaikai| 12/1/2009|
|
1. Background
Electrical commerce, commonly abbreviated to e–commerce, generally consists of the developing, marketing, selling, delivering, servicing, and paying
for products and services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. With widespread Internet usage, the amount of U.S.
e–commerce growth has dramatically increased in last decade. In today's competitive jungle, providers of any kind and consumers with any need are
utilizing the growing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The primary suppliers of leading consulting and outsourcing services industry are information system providers who aren't that powerful any longer.
According to Moore's Law, the Law of Mass Digital Storage, and Metcalfe's Law, the cost of information system becomes lower and much lower.
Therefore, the bargaining power of suppliers of this certain industry is weak.
3.4 Threat of substitute products
The development of Internet creates new substitute threats. The services and products of the three chosen companies are primarily focusing on
custom–made market in order to meet client's need of any kind. However, substitute products such as normalized software package and standard system
built–in hardware solution are driving in an incremental speed. Moreover, products and services provided from SMEs around the world are more and
more competitive in lower price and flexibility. Thus, the threat of substitute products is at a high level.
3.5 Competitive rivalry within an industry
The four previous forces influence the rivalry among competitors in the market. There is definitely more rivalry now. Large company such as IBM
Global Services is facing intensive competition from similar–scale companies, for instances, Accenture and Capgamini. In addition, increasing amount
of companies of smaller size is emerging into the international competitive

President Of A Multinational Company
"A true leader has the confidence to stand alone, the courage to make tough decisions, and the compassion to listen to the needs of others. He does not
set out to be a leader, but becomes one by the equality of his actions and the integrity of his intent." – Douglas MacArthur One continuous message that
came across throughout the Kukin lecture series is that leaders in the business world come in all shapes and sizes. Most of us have an image of
what a typical successful businessperson looks like; however, this image was certainly altered after hearing from the various speakers we had the
privilege to learn from in our Contemporary Problems in Business class. Many of the speakers took a roundabout path to get to the place they are
today, and others never expected to find themselves in the business world whatsoever. One of our first speakers, Vivien Glueck, is the CEO of a
multinational company; however, she began her career working for NASA and never envisioned herself taking over her fathers' company,
Citromax. Similarly, Ziel Feldman started out as an attorney and eventually became a huge player in the real estate investment world, while Lance
Hirt majored in Biology in YU before becoming a partner at a private equity firm. Some of our speakers, such as Howard Jonas and Lazar
Kornwasser, displayed a laid back and approachable temperament that was both unexpected and made them much more relatable as people, as role
models and as leaders. The "American dream" of having

Philips As A Multinational Companies In The Philips
To become a leading consumer electronics company in the post–war era, Philips implemented the strategy of a multinational company from early on,
and also benefited from proficient leaders, Gerard and Anton. Philips managed to gain successes through becoming a multinational enterprise, evident
through various characteristics of a multinational enterprise. Other strategies included a decentralised organisational system, and their technical and
innovative capability. When Philips first began their business in 1892, their only product was the light bulb. Instead of diversifying, Philips main focus
lay only with the light bulb and as a result, were able to specialise and create significant innovations in this department. As their products began to gain
success and a strong reputation, sales increased dramatically and Philips' research and development sector continued to grow. In fact, Philips became a
leader in industrial research, an attribute that would continue to benefit them as the company continued its global leadership in the post–war era. It was
evident that Philips was aware of the importance of globalising their company in the post–war era, coupled with the small domestic market, and in
1912, the company began to internationalise, resulting in becoming a multinational enterprise. Some of the main features that suggest this is that they
had multiple operating environments, global competitive game, and organisational complexity and diversity. Before the anticipated

Multinational Companies And Tax Avoidance
1. Introduction
With the development of modern society, multinational companies reach higher profits than before. For instance, Starbucks got 495 million of sales
revenue while it only paid 6 million of tax to the government. It turns into the topic of tax avoidance. Actually, there are many multinational companies
use the strategy of tax avoidance, and Starbucks is just one of the examples.
1.1 Multinational Companies and Tax Avoidance
First of all, the definition of multinational companies and tax avoidance should be learnt. Multinational companies are those companies have
international branches, shops or manufacture factories in both local and foreign countries. And the tax avoidance is a company which uses legal
methods to escape paying the tax for its own profits. Obviously, the multinational companies such as Starbucks use this strategy is to enlarge the profit.
Although these companies claimed that they had taken high level social responsibility of business, they have kept using tax avoidance which should be
included in the social responsibility. However, it has been largely silent on the issue of the payment of corporate tax. It is serious that such fundamental
tax payments present a company's citizenship behavior.
However, because there are legal ways to avoid payment of corporate tax, which is a representative of a boundary condition for corporate social
responsibility. Despite the fact that the law and CSR always provide the suggestion on paying the tax,

Ford Motor Company : An American Multinational Automobile...
The Ford Motor Company is an American multinational automobile maker and is a leader in the automobile industry. It was founded by Henry
Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. It started out with 12 investors and 1,000 shares, the beginning cash investment was $28,000 and almost all
of it was spent by the time they sold their first car on July 23 1903, but by October 1st, 1903 they had a profit of $37,000. Ford was one of the leaders
in crash testing research, finding ways to continue on making safer cars. In 1960, Ford Motor Company had the largest initial public offering of
common stock shares in history. Henry ford, started out as an engineer for the Edison Illuminating Company in Detroit. In is own free time in his
backyard shed he built his first gasoline–powered horseless carriage, called the Quadricycle. In 1903, he founded the Ford Motor Company, and
within five years the company was ready to sell the first Model T. Ford made an all american affordable car for the middle class families, and in order
to meet the overwhelming demand for the new car, Ford had to create a new mass–production method, and with a large amount of space, and
standardized interchangeable parts, and he did in 1913, he made the world's first moving assembly line for cars. This new way of fast mass production
has since been very influential in the industrial world.
The first car sold car was the Model T, in the first full year of production, just over 10,000 Model Ts were built and sold.

Research on Elizade Nigeria Limited
A BRIEF BIOGRAPHY ON THE ENTERPRENEUR
Chief (Dr.) Michael Ade Ojo was born on June 14, 1934 at Ilara–Mokin in Ondo State, South West of Nigeria. He studied Business Administration at
the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN) and graduated in June, 1965.
He has worked with some multinational companies including C.F.A.O., the then British Petroleum (BP) now African Petroleum Plc.
Today he is the proud owner of ELIZADE NIGERIA LIMITED with several subsidiaries including Toyota Nigeria Limited, Oodua Creations Limited,
Crown and Gold Shipping Company Limited among others. He is the Chairman of various Companies including Moorhouse Sofitel Limited, Imperial
Telecommunications Limited, Custodian and Allied Insurance Company Limited.
He setup ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a marketer in BP, he was disappointed when a man he outclassed was promoted to become his direct boss. This he considered very unfair
especially because he had just then helped boost the company's sales by about 25% with the winning over of a new contract.
He left the job to serve himself at a time when it was considered stupid to leave the certainty of a colonial job for the uncertainty of private enterprise.
The result was the establishment of a small family business (with his wife) now known as ELIZADE NIGERIA LIMITED.
HOW THE BUSINESS WAS ESTABLIHED
His Start up – funding: Chief Michael Ade Ojo did not make it that easily; he started with the little money he was able to save at the time he was
working combined with the help from his wife.
Registration of the business: In 1968, he registered a business name Known as Elizade Trading Stores handling general textile sales including
underwear under the 1968 Companies Decree (now known as Companies and Allied Matters Act 1990 as amended), but later started business as an
automobile marketing company named Elizade Independent Agencies formed in 1971. By 1973 Elizade Trading Stores and Elizade Independent
Agencies were merged and Elizade Nigeria Limited was incorporated and in 1976 the company secured Federal Government License which was
dealing in Toyota vehicles and spare parts in Nigeria.
Procuring

What Is The Impact Of Multinational Companies In...
Introduction
Transnational corporation is a large company that has their head office in one country and subsidiary offices in others, normally developing countries.
McDonalds, Coca Cola, Nike and Apple are few examples of transnational corporation. However, there has been much conflict between different
transnational corporations due to the competition. These corporation normally establish their manufacturing unit at developing countries which helps
them to maximize their profit. This report is focused on the impact of transnational corporation on the economy of the developing country. Developing
countries are poor countries which have a low standard of living and have disadvantages to those in developed countries.
The Globalisation Process
Globalisation is the process of interconnecting people, companies and countries as a result of economic trade and cultural exchange. Due to
globalisation, the production of goods and services has increased (at a larger scale) in large scale. The large companies of a country have grown to be
multinational companies establishing its subsidiaries in different countries to generate more wealth. Economic and cultural globalisation are different
types of globalisations. Economic globalisation involves interdependence of the world's economics which can be expressed in the flow of goods,
services, capital, technologies and information. It involves reducing or removing barriers that come across the free movement of trade, investments and

The Importance Of Sweatshops In Multinational Companies
This paper focuses on the establishment of sweatshops in multinational companies as well as local companies while focusing on performance
management in workplaces. The workplaces had in the past; surveillance, employees working long hours and unfair payments. Thus, the British
government exposed "Sweating system" as it is called today– sweatshops. For example, In Qatar, the Middle East; Krantz Engineering– a multinational
company was accused of delaying payment of migrant workers and even withdrawing their passports (Aljazeera, 2014). The company had been
contracted to work on Qatar Petroleum's institute titled "RasLaffan Emergency and Safety College" (RLESC) and was mostly using Indian migrants to
work there. It concludes by focusing on the remedial activities that include; reducing the power distance between company owners and workers,
restricting of labour laws (at local/ international levels) and improving working relations in firms.
Sweatshops in Multinational Companies
Multinational companies have been criticised for focusing on their global responsibility in relation to their business style and not about reforming their
labour conditions that support sweatshops. Scherer, Palazzo & Baumann (2006) look at an example of Nike which in 1998–2001 had received
worldwide backlash due to its exercising of negative labour laws that portrayed negative and an infringement of human rights– creating sweatshops.
With Nike being a powerful multinational company, it took a

Organizational Culture and National Culture in...
Abstract
Multinational organizations are combinations of multicultural employees. Multicultural environments cause cultural shock among leaderships and
employees. Organizational culture and national culture are significantly important in current marketing environment. Organizational culture mainly
shows the value and the roles inside the organization. However, national culture is the directing of organizational culture and influence both leadership
and employees deeply from their personal values. Furthermore, the relationship between organizational culture and national culture has impacts on
leaderships, employees, job satisfaction as well as the commitment of employees to the organizations. This essay will discuss the issues above, and ...
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For instance, Wallach (1983) viewes three perspectives of organizational culture, that is, innovative, supportive and bureaucratic. Martin (1992)
identified three forms of organizational culture, including fragmentation, differentiation and integration. Goffee and Jones (1998) define four types of
organizational cultures, which is communal, fragmented, mercenary and networked. However, in a company, individuals have personal values and
beliefs as well as personal desires. On that account, the attitude of employees and commitment to the companies may result in diversity of
achievements. National cultures also have some effects on the values, beliefs and personal desires. A variety of countries have multifarious national
cultures, giving rise to a culture shock in multinational companies. Cross–cultural research shows that significant differences exist in national culture
characteristic between western and eastern cultures (Hofstede, 1980, 1991; El Kahal, 2001; Chen, 2001). For instance, it is widely known that
bureaucratic traditional deep–rooted culture and high power distance exist in Chinese companies (Pye, 1985; Chen, 2001). The management of firms in
the west and east makes a world of difference. The reason for that is the distinction between the impact of national culture on individual worth and how
individual worth adapts to the organizational culture. Furthermore, after organizations in Hong Kong are mostly in power by ethnic Chinese, the
Chinese–style high

Nike's And Other Multinational Companies Responsibility...
All companies have certain ethical and moral responsibilities that they should uphold. For most companies figuring out these ethical responsibilities is
done through a combination of the owner's and/or shareholder's moral and ethical views on their responsibilities, laws set for by the government one is
working under, and the cultural traditions of the area one operates their business from. Multinational companies have a much harder time deciding
where they stand on some ethical issues because they may operate out of many different cultural areas and countries with very different laws. Nike is
one such multinational company and the focus of this paper. To begin I will focus I what I believe is Nike's and other multinational companies... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After ensuring international laws are followed, a company should follow the local laws of each country they operate in. Facilities of the same
company in different countries with different law and standards do not have to have the same rules, but obviously the local laws are the minimum. I
believe if people expect all countries to have identical labor laws to them and try enforcing them, then that it is regulatory imperialism. International
laws agreed upon by a majority of countries is not that because it isn't just one nation or culture enforcing its will on others. Above I stated how I
believe Nike and other international corporations should behave and which laws and regulations they should follow in our current system. This leads
us to the issue of who I believe should be setting standards to follow in the first place. In an ideal system there would be an international organization
that both has power to enforce rules, and can't be unfairly influenced by any one country. This organization could then make rules with input from
different countries, economic advisors, representatives from major multinational corporations, and representatives from nonprofits/labor unions. This
would hopefully allow them to make fair and balanced rules that benefit the workers, without hurting the economy or corporations employing the
workers. With the power to enforce the rules across the globe, the rules and regulations wouldn't be able to be circumvented by any one country to gain

Assess the Global Role and Local Impact of Multinational...
Assess the global role and local impact of multinational companies.
A multinational company is often defined as a corporation whose operations and investments are broaden across a number of countries. They are also
referred to as transnational companies. Therefore given this definition it would be expected that if a company operates over such a large territory that
it would indeed have many effects and impacts, locally and globally, and its role would also be quite significant as it can have a direct influence on an
economy, the environment and general effects on society. However, changing the way they run things in order to accomidate society could break there
business down and they could eventually have no impact on society so looking ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Contradictions of corporate responsibility have been seen many times over the years within companies such as;
'Barclays Bank
CLAIM: We have the skills, resources and determination to make a positive and lasting contribution to the communities in which we operate.'
(Barclays social review, 1999)
ACTION: Barclays bank closed 172 branches in April 2000'
'Proctor & Gamble
CLAIM: An employee should be able to answer "yes" to the questions: is this the right thing to do? With this action uphold p&g's reputation as an
ethical company? (Proctor & Gamble code of conduct)
ACTION: Proctor & Gamble continues to trade in Burma, while other companies have pulled out because of the appalling record of the Burmese
government on human rights.'
'BAT (British American Tobacco)
CLAIM: its corporate social responsibility report defines targets for reducing energy use, water consumption and waste products, and describes its
commitment to enlightened employment practices.
ACTION: it markets its tobacco products ruthlessly to young people – it was caught on television handing out packets of Benson & Hedges cigarettes
to teenage volley ball players in the Gambia.'
(All three examples used is from AQA AS Business studies, John Wolinski

Multinational Companies and Their Social Responsibilities...
CHAPTER TWO
2.0AN OVERVIEW OF SHELL DEVELOPMENT COMPANY IN NIGERIA
2.1IntroductionThis chapter will provide basic knowledge of Shell Nigeria Oil Company and its operation in Nigeria, in particular regarding its ethics,
performance, social involvement, contribution to national income and its contribution to keeping the environment green. Since the Rio Conference of
1992 the code of conduct for all extractive industries including crude oil mining companies has underlined the following principles that should be
respected in doing business:
i.Social and economic development of host communities ii. Provision of basic social services iii. Regard for Human Rights iv. Good governance and
civil society involvement. There have also been some ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They want the protection of the ecosystem and biodiversity of indigenous and local community territories; iv. They want the revenue sharing formula
based on derivation revived at 50 percent to derivation, 35 percent to distributable common pool and 15 percent to the central government;
v.They want Shell and the Nigerian government to adopt policies that will recognize indigenous communities as rightful owners in the crude oil
business; vi. They want Shell to clean up their environment after many years of ecological devastation and comply with all international standards.
Shell environmental legacy and community relations' efforts deserve priority attention. What is however involved is the totality of the existence of the
communities and their environment, their farmland, economic development, education health, water management, spirituality and cultural heritage –
which are daily being threatened.
2.2Introduction and Discussion of Theories and Models from the Literature In this section we would look at the Royal Dutch Shell Oil company
operations worldwide and in particular the Nigeria operations from several different angles. We will look at how Shell Nigeria operations can
impact upon the three stakeholders; The CEO of Shell, an investor and a local Shell employee. Then we would look at this wicked problem with the
oil spill in the Niger delta. Shell is a global group of

Multinational Companies
ESSAY PLAN 1. Definition of multinational company which says that a company which serves more than one country at a time and small description
about its background. 2. Main body contains:– * Description about how multinational corporations give employment and remove poverty. * Role of
these companies in enhancing local economies. * Its impact on globalization. 3. Conclusion– about how multinational corporations are beneficial to the
world.
INTRODUCTION
Multinational companies have brought revolution in the world. Their role is very significant in our lives. The multinational corporation is defined as an
association or organization which provides its services to not only to one country but to many countries of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
There is increase in exports and decrease in imports which helped in improving the balance of payment. They have equalized cost of factors of
production all over the world. They have provided an effective way of incorporating economics. They purchase the raw materials from different parts
of the world which is cheapest in cost. This leads to higher productivity as the access to raw material is easier which eventually leads to higher profit.
They provide the best technology and management to the world by competing in global markets. By giving training to its employees, they can transfer
their knowledge to them which lead to great work and hence higher productivity. By exporting in large quantities they get large income which helps in
increasing the national income of the country. These companies helped in developing relations worldwide. This way they enhanced bonding among
people. With the advancement of technology multinational companies produced such kind of products which made our life easier. They provide
different range of products for its customers.
Multinational company is also called as transnational company or international company as they do transactions or we can say that they deal with
numerous companies all over the world. These companies gave boost to the career people of the world. This way they have provided many benefits to
the whole world. These companies have manufactured many products with latest technology for the people. These

Multinational Company
Defination:
Multinational corporations are business entities that operate in more than one country. The typical multinational corporation or MNC normally
functions with a headquarters that is based in one country, while other facilities are based in locations in other countries. In some circles, a multinational
corporation is referred to as a multinational enterprise or a transnational corporation .
The exact model for an MNC may vary slightly. One common model is for the multinational corporation is the positioning of the executive headquarters
in one nation, while production facilities are located in one or more other countries.
Characteristics Of Multinational Corporations :
The multinational corporations have certain characteristics ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1913 as a Private Limited Company. | | | 2.In Bangladesh NEO is the second company who has fully used the branded zipper technology from Korea. | |
| |
3.MAXIMUS mobile phone was marketed in Bangladesh by Siemens Bangladesh. It was a successful local mobile brand in Bangladesh holding
around 7% market share. | |
4.Nokia Bangladesh official website provides information about latest Nokia Mobile Phones and Accessories available in Bangladesh. Nokia Mobile
Phone Bangladesh .| |
5.MAKS Renewable Energy Company Limited was established in 2006, now became one of the growing players into the arena of Renewable Energy
service providers in Bangladesh| | | |
6.TCB did perform a commendable job by ensuring steady inflow of a large number of essential commodities in the market which provided succour to
the common people of the country| |
7.Bangladesh Yellow Pages– Catalog of Bangladesh Companies and Services.
| |

8.The Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) is registered as a Public Limited Company and its activities are regulated by its Articles of Association rules
& regulations and bye–laws along with the Securities .| |
9.Marine academy, having an excellent prestigious past of four decades, has achieved the requisite professional status by being a branch of world
maritime University in 1990 .| | 10.Mohammadi Group is one of the leading garments manufacturers in Bangladesh, started its

Toyota Motors Company Case Analysis
Toyota Motors Company
Toyota Motors Company is multinational Japanese automobile manufacturer, a corporation that has it 's headquartered at Toyota, Aichi. Toyota Motors
are the largest world's manufacturer of the automobiles about the data of 2013 by the number of vehicles. Toyota was also the biggest producer of the
cars in 2012 and has been the first an automobile manufacturer that produced ten million vehicles per year. It is also listed the most major
manufacturing company in Japan of the market capitalization and revenue. The motors industry produces its vehicles under the five viz. Toyota,Lexus,
Ranz, Hino and Scion. Toyota Motors Company also has joint ventures that are Toyota Kirloskar based in India, GAC Toyota and the Sichuan... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Specification model of culture assumes the harmony and the consistency in both the cultural and the social levels (Christoph Weckerle, 2008). It
further specify particular functions and groups in the different social system.
The second model of culture usually assumes that there are several more fundamental conflicts in the social order levels but still views the cultural
system to be still integrated relatively. In this second model, the conflicting social groupings and functions can usually develop antagonistic subcultures
and not only complementary aesthetic referred to as specifications and this model is called cultural refraction (Wagner, 2011).
The third model is the columnisation that describes the fundamental antagonism that exist between the social and cultural system since its interest
groupings occur in the hermetically sealed columns of culture. Volkswagen Group Company is one of the international automobile competitors of
Toyota Motors Company and the model of culture that is most appropriate for it is the specification model since it operates globally and assumes that
there are harmony and consistency in the marketing society (Books, 2011).
Types of economic system Economic systems are the systems of production and also an exchange of goods and services and also the allocation of the
resources in a society. There are four types of the economic system that includes, traditional, market, command and the mixed economic

Corporate Research : Wal Mart
Corporate Research Paper Wal–Mart
Linglan Gu
Introduction
Risk management and offshore borrowing are some of the activities undertaken by multinational companies to help seal loopholes of foreign exchange
risk. Moreover, these multinational corporations have stringent risk management policies used to create efficiency and a concise administration in all
financial operations. Investment in foreign countries is also a means through which multinational companies reduce currency risk that may hinder the
growth of the enterprise. This practice is also referred to as over the counter finance since it involves the exchange of exchange between two parties
without any supervision being required. It is different from exchange trading that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In doing this, the paper will use Wal–Mart as a case study to investigate various aspects of foreign exchange risk management policies and then give an
interpretation on the current situation of the global financial policy.
Wal–Mart has dominated 27 countries in the world with 11,435 overseas subsidiaries. Its sales are widespread across all its subsidiaries but controlled
from regional and head offices. Moreover, Wal–Mart has involved itself in international trade contributing a lot to the overall supply in the international
market. In addition, Wal–Mart has been the market leader in providing fast moving consumer goods with all its potential and prospective customers '
worldwide (Baker, & Powell 2005).
Wal–Mart sale is in high volume with each geographical location where it has a subsidiary receiving an equal share of the required products to
supply. The subsidiaries in Europe receive the largest number of sale compared to the rest of the branches. Africa has only one subsidiary in South
Africa and thus registers the lowest number of purchase compared to other branches. However, the general number of sale recorded by Wal–Mart is
high because the company has gained a lot of market share in the world. Economic survey indicates that Wal–Mart is the largest company in sales and
that registers the highest volume of revenues in the world (Kendall & Gerald 1998).
Wal–Mart being the

The Increasing Significance of Multinational Company
The increasing significance of MNCs in 1950s transformed them to the dominant phenomenon in the international economic relations since then. It has
triggered a strong interest among the scholars, media, and society. The surrounding controversy around MNCs has triggered the need and necessity for
the analysis due to the fact, that it is described by some scholars and economists as the principal instrument for maximizing world welfare, and by
others as the imperialistic agents (United Nations Publication 1973, p.1). Non–state actors are the international organizations that possess the
diplomatic power and corporate with the states in the global scene (Kegley and Wittkopf 2004). The question is whether MNCs are such important
non–state actors and in which ways they exert power over the states. First of all, one needs to comprehend the definition of a MNC. A MNC is a
business organization whose activities are located in more than two countries. This means that MNC consists of a country where the business is
incorporated, and of the branches, or subsidiaries in foreign countries. MNCs can obviously vary in the extent of their multinational activities as
regards to the number of countries in which they operate. A large MNC can operate in hundreds of countries. The economic reality demonstrates the
ability of the company located in one country to control the operations in foreign countries (Chandler and Mazlish 2005). According to Department of
Economic and Social Affairs of

The Role Of Multinational Companies
Introduction
Competitiveness has become one of the most important determinants of both prospects and assesses the functioning of the company in the market, and
is seen as a determinant development. Competition between companies is an inherent characteristic of a market economy. From the practical point of
view it is important to recognize and understand the conditions and factors that have an impact on the competitiveness of enterprises. Drafted the
research problem requires a comprehensive approach – including the aspects and characteristics of the MNE, foreign investment importance and
competitive advantage.
Multinational companies
The role of multinational companies (MNEs) in international trade has become very great importance in the last 20 years. This is in large part to the
increase in the integration of national economies and technological progress, in particular in the area of communication. The growing importance of
MNEs develop complex issue of taxation on both the tax administration as well as MNEs, since the regulations of each country in the taxation of
MNEs can be considered in isolation, but should be considered in the wider international importance (Grimwade, 2000).
The concept of foreign direct investment (FDI) is closely related to the definition of transnational corporation (MNE, MNC, transnational corporations).
In the literature, there are several definitions describing the features that should have a firm considered as multinational enterprises.

Case Study: A Brief History Of Nestle
3. Introduction
Name of Nestle selected and its brief history Nestle was founded by Henri Nestle in 1866 and is the largest food and beverage company in the world
nowadays. Nestle employ around 339,000 people from about 194countries and has 447 factories in almost every country in the world. In 1867, Vevey,
Switzerland, a German pharmacist call Henri Nestle launched his product name Farine Lactee Nestle which is a nutritious gruel for children and saving
the life of a neighbour's child. He used his surname, which means "little nest", in the company name and the logotype. The nest which means or
symbolizes as family, nourishment and security, it still play the central role in NestlГ©'s profile. NestlГ© success with product innovations and business
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since Henri NestlГ© developed his successful infant cereal "Farine LactГ©e", they have built their business on the conviction that to have long–term
success for their shareholders, they not only have to comply with all applicable legal requirements and ensure that all of their activities are sustainable,
but furthermore they have to create significant value for the society.
NestlГ© Agricultural Services has a key world–wide responsibility to develop and protect the source of the raw materials to meet our production needs.
While its main activity is providing agricultural extension services to farmers, NestlГ© Agricultural Services also maintains ongoing dialogue at
international, national and local levels. Collaboration with partners in the food chain ranges from agricultural R&D to plant and animal breeding. We
work with agricultural policy–makers and trade organisations, as well as with farmers and farmers' organisations with the aim of improving agricultural
production. Sustainability in the supply of agricultural raw materials depends on many ecological, economic and social factors. Wherever possible,
NestlГ© supports activities that contribute to sustainability in the production of agricultural raw materials, including integrated farming techniques
and the use of all technologies that may contribute to

Kellogg Company : An American Multinational Food...
Introduction:
The Kellogg Company – an American multinational food manufacturing company was founded on February 09, 1906 and is headquartered in Battle
Creek, Michigan, United States. Kellogg 's specializes in breakfast cereal and convenience foods, including cookies, crackers, toaster pastries, cereal
bars, fruit–flavored snacks, frozen waffles, and vegetarian foods. Among many Kellogg's brands Froot Loops, Apple Jacks, Corn Flakes, Frosted
Flakes, Rice Krispies, Special K, Cocoa Krispies, Keebler, Pringles, Pop–Tarts, Kashi, Cheez–It, Eggo, Nutri–Grain, Morningstar Farms are most
popular. With a vision of "Nourishing families so they can flourish and thrive" Kellogg company has extended its operations in 180 countries
worldwide. In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The operative cash flow reports inflows and outflows because of regular operating activities. Cash flow from operating activities is the cash version of
net income. Net income includes non–cash costs such as depreciation and does not consider other cash expenditures, such as purchases of properties or
equipment. Cash flows from operating activities are contributed by earnings, cash receipts from the sale of products, net of costs to manufacture and
market products, accrued income from employee wages, interest expenses and income taxes. As per the annual report for the financial year ended on
Dec 31,2015, net cash provided by operating activities for 2015 amounted to $1,691 million. The net income for the same year amounted to $ 614
million which is approximately 36% of the total operating cash. The difference is the result of the factors such as, adjustments made to reconcile net
income to operating cash flows, income from postretirement benefit plan contributions, variations in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions.
Liquidity and Capital Structure Exhibits 2 shows that an inordinately large dividend payment in 2015 of the cash budget, coupled with a large asset
purchase, places both companies in a negative cash position. Paying out such a large dividend can be a problem for lenders, who do not like to issue
loans so that companies can use the funds to pay their shareholders and thereby weaken their ability to pay

Multinational Company Achieving Competitive Advantage...
Research Paper Research Topic Telenor i.e. Grameenphone as a Multinational Company achieving competitive advantage through high level of
adaptation and local responsiveness in an emerging country like Bangladesh. Prepared By: Mohammed Sabirul Islam, ID: 072 195 530 Course Code:
MGT 372 Course Title: International Business Sec: 07 Prepared For: Mr. Jasim Uddin Lecturer School of Business North South University Date of
Submission: August 30, 2012 I. Introduction The point of doing this research paper is to help you find out how Multinational Companies could
achieve competitive advantage in 3rd world emerging economies like Bangladesh. A sneak peek into one such company which has been doing business
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"We don't look so much at what or where people have studied but rather at their drive, initiative, cultural sensitivity, and readiness to see the world as
their oyster. Whether they've studied classics, economics, history or languages is irrelevant. What matters ate the skills and qualities necessary to be
good, well–rounded executives in a highly international institution operating in a diverse set of communities." Explained by CEO, HSBC. [http:/
/www.deanstalk.net/deanstalk/2006/01/the_theory_of_e.html] Competitive advantages give a company an edge over its rivals and an ability to
generate greater value for the firm and its shareholders. The more sustainable the competitive advantage, the more difficult it is for competitors to
neutralize the advantage. There are two main types of competitive advantages: comparative advantage and differential advantage. Comparative
advantage, or cost advantage, is a firm 's ability to produce a good or service at a lower cost than its competitors, which gives the firm the ability sell
its goods or services at a lower price than its competition or to generate a larger margin on sales. A differential advantage is created when a firm 's
products or services differ from its competitors and are seen as better than a competitor 's products by customers. [http://www.emeraldinsight.com
/journals.htm?articleid=880468] According to Affuah Allan, competitive advantage will ensure

A Multinational Company ( Mnc )
A multinational company (MNC) is a business that operates beyond its geographical boundaries of its country of origin by opening branches or
dealing with associates in more than one country. In other words, it is a company that engages in foreign direct investment (FDI). MNCs organize
processes of manufacturing and delivering of goods and services to market in various countries, using their production firms either locally or abroad.
To be able to operate in other countries, a company must be registered in these individual countries. The headquarters of multinationals are usually in
the country of origin, with partly or fully owned subsidiaries abroad. Today, the world is increasingly becoming a global village. With Internet
technology,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Carrying out an environmental analysis can help determine the viability of investment. The elements that need to be analyzed in such a probable
country include political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal, which are popularly referred to as PESTEL analysis (Sexton &
Vlasto, 2012). Besides, the company must evaluate its internal analysis in the lens of the new market by carrying out a SWOT analysis to establish its
strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The reasons why companies chose to become multinational corporations vary. Even before carrying
out market analysis, the reason is always there. Establishing the right country to invest, can go a long way in expanding the business in the future
markets. However, some ventures fail, but that does not mean that the business cannot still do well in other alternative markets (Sexton & Vlasto,
2012). All in all, there are different reasons which push companies to go into the global market, otherwise known multinational companies. The
reasons are discussed below. Firstly, first mover benefit refers to the venturing into a new market and getting all the advantages of being the first to
operate in that market in particular products or services. A firm may consider going global in an effort to tap untapped market for its products or
services. According to Biggs (2011), a business that enters into a market as the first operator not only benefits from increased sales and profits, but also
the

Management Activity Analysis in Small and Medium Sized...
The purpose of the small and medium enterprises in ensuring its prospect future through growth is not only about doing further business or making
more money or acquiring greater kudos through larger size. Where knowledge management maturity is high, there the firms are realizing handsome
profits and significant increase in growth. Growth is a strategy that basically addresses the question of unsafe and doubtful environments, with the help
of attainment of greater influence over the environment within which the enterprise works. In the European economy, SME's are recognized as the
primary players. SME's in Spain, signify that from all registered businesses which are more than 99.8%, almost 70% of the employment and make the
contribution 65%... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
5.2 trillion in large scale sector while on the other hand only Rs. 8 billion needed in small/micro scale sector. According to the definition of
SMEDA (small and medium size enterprise development authority of Pakistan , those firms will fall under the category of SME who have up to
250 employees, or 250 million of paid up capital and or sale of 250 million rupees annually. As it is the major sector of the economy, a lot of work is
needed to make this sector more profitable and attractive for foreign investment. Being the student of research and knowing the importance of this
sector, my research also revolves around knowledge management and SME's. The data will be collected from various SME's located in different cities.
Similarly multinational corporations (MNC's) are also working in Pakistan in various fields like telecommunication, banks etc. it has been observed
that these MNC's are practicing knowledge management practices in a better way and ensuring better profits, sustainable growth along with competitive
advantage over others.
1.2 Objectives and scope of the research:–
As mentioned earlier about the importance of the set of organizations i.e SME's and MNC's. the focus or the objective of this paper is to analyze the
possible outcomes like competitive advantage for a firm, profits and sustainable growth after the implementation of knowledge management practices,
which is the leading factor for competitive advantage, profits and sustainable growth in

Multinational Companies : An Organization Essay
Introduction
Multinational companies are playing something new and introduced a new role in local and globalization, thus, the rising numbers to achieve and
strive from emerging companies in world market. It also defines to accomplish goals in organisational, local, and international management, thus, to be
able to success the weakness and strength of the company must recognize to determine their capabilities before the management can proceed to
international. It is very important for the multinational companies to increase the product life cycle for growing capabilities and to expand from
domestic to globalization. However, many of multinational companies will be facing different dilemmas and obstacles towards to international market.
Additionally, many countries have different approach towards to business market. In fact, when domestic company moving to global economy they
need to involve in organizational learning and adjust to cooperate well with people and market.
Multinational company must find the best idea and decision making between centralized and decentralized while they employ control and coordination
(Zhang, M., & Edwards C. 2017). The permanent task that all multinational companies facing is the control and coordination of international
subsidiaries regardless of what country they are from such as Europe, Japan, US, China and everywhere. Initially, they developed and study the market
and cultures of different countries before entering the global market.

The Multinational Company ( Mnc )
A Multinational Company (MNC) is "an enterprise which owns and controls activities in different countries" (Buckley and Casson, 1991, p.1).
According to Buckley and Casson (1991), MNCs have very high labour productivity, which creates very high profits. They are among the most rapidly
growing businesses in the world. They even argue that MNCs might have a greater impact on world affairs than the government institutions of the
countries where they trade. Even with all of this in mind, they can still be subject to limitations. In the end, MNCs have to consider that they are
operating in a different environment, which may have different legal and political systems, institutions, and culture (Edwards and Rees, 2006). This is
also known as the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This institutional context is especially relevant for MNCs designing HRM policies that will be transferred to a different country of operation. This
essay will discuss how institutional context influences the decisions that an MNC makes when establishing HRM policies, specifically examining
those relating to training, reward, and resourcing.
Before studying the impacts of the institutional context in the specified HRM policies, it is important to mention that within the field of HR, the
policies of the parent company will influence those of its foreign offshoots. This means "there is some implementation of home country practices in
foreign subsidiaries particularly in relation to work organization ... there will be a distinctive parent company approach when it comes to human
resource management" (Edwards and Rees, 2006, p. 72). At the same time the HR policies established by MNCs need to be in line with the business
needs in order to achieve competitive advantage, but must also be flexible enough to enable their relocation (Schuler et al. 1993). Moreover, what the
MNC may want in order to achieve a competitive advantage might clash with the political aims of its host country, creating conflict as a result of their
divergent priorities (Edwards and Rees, 2006, p. 79). Furthermore, some HRM cannot be transferred at all due to legal, institutional or cultural
constraints making the MNC look

Apple As A Multinational Company
A multinational corporation houses other offices and factories in different countries and regions (Investopedia.,2014). In addition, these corporations
tend to have a centralized office where global management is carried out. Becoming a multinational corporation has the advantages of vertical and
horizontal economies of scale as well increased market share due to the increased outputs (Investopedia.,2014). To contrast these corporations can be
portrayed as entities that seek political and economic control. While this perception is not always the case it does occasionally occur because big
businesses can impact the countries they are in.
The very name brands that provide the products American people have come so accustomed to using are likely to come from these multinational
corporations. Adidas, Nike, Nintendo, Google, Honda, Red Bull and Apple are just some examples of multinational corporations. These are strong
dominating companies which further impact their industry and shape the way people choose to allocate their funds. This paper will discuss the
corporation Apple and how is has become the successful multinational corporation is it today.
Apple was first founded on April 1, 1976. Since this day, the corporation has become one of much success. Even though Apple does not have full
control over the markets it is in, the corporation has a vast amount of market share and customer loyalty. Furthermore, they have a large impact in
regards to the pricing in the smartphone

The Price Of Apple Stock Prices
Apple
The negative change in stock prices comes up as a result of decrease in organization's earnings. Investors lose confidence in a product once its share
prices begin to fall as a result of competitors (Michelle, 2015). However, in view of the Apple stock analysis, the income is expected to grow at any
time and the future company's stock might be higher. The closing price for Apple in thestock market was $123.38. The purchase price was $130.28
with its percentage change in stock price as –5.30%.
Exxon Mobil
The primary reason behind the decrease in Exxon's stock price is the change in oil prices.
Profits of Exxon's has decreased in the second quarter of 2015 which may cause the investors to lose trust in Exxon Mobil Corporation. However,
Exxon has a competitive advantage against its major competitive (Chevron) which is the free cash flow. Exxon could return the money to investors
even if the prices are low by using the free cash flow advantage.The closing price for Exxon Mobil Corporation was $82.48 with purchase price of
$85.14.
Exxon's percentage change in stock price was –3.12%.
Grupo Aeroportuario del Sureste
Grupo Aeroportuario del Sureste closing price was 147.77 with a purchase price of $143.40. The percentage change in stock prices was 3.05%. The
positive change in stock prices of the firm is due to the increase in passenger traffic. The Canadian dollar currency is also picking up as compared to
the US dollar.
Stock price for Daimler Ag
Daimler Ag closing

The Innovation Of The Multinational Companies
In today's competitive world, it is extremely pivotalpre for firms to adapt changes that help them attain competitive advantage and sustain growth.
Therefore, Clayton Christensen introduced the concept of 'Disruptive Innovation' in 1995 that helped in attaining these radical changes. Disruptive
innovation is a term used to describe the process where a product or service is initially set–up at the bottom of a market and persistently grows in the
market, eventually taking over its adversaries.
In 2012, another type of innovation has been introduced by Vijay Govindarajan and Chris Trimble. Also known as trickle
–up innovation, 'Reverse
Innovation' is the term that is usually used to refer innovating in emerging markets and moving those products to the wealthy world. This concept was
put forward with the idea of developing solutions for the developing markets rather that minimizing the price of an already developed product.
Multinational companies have largely followed Glocalization, which is a simple global strategy of innovating in home countries and exporting the
product to other nations with minor modifications to meet the requirements of local markets. This was a fruitful strategy to monetize in the past
especially if the export markets were other industrialized nations. However, trends have changed over the past few years. Big companies started to
understand that it is essential to innovate and not just export in order to flourish in upcoming nations.
Retiring growth of

Sweatshops Have Been Scrutinized Around The World Essay
"Sweatshops are work environments that possess three major characteristics: long hours, low pay, and unsafe or unhealthy working conditions"
(Childress, 2014). Sweatshops have been scrutinized around the world and have been around for a very long time. For a period of time it was
called slavery because even some skilled slaves earned some money. Sweatshops are still thriving, even in today's global economy. It is the
corporations, stakeholders, and a global responsibility to ensure sweatshops go away forever, but is it possible? Toyota was accused of such practices
back in 2002 and today claim that they no longer practice voluntary overtime. Corporations have a responsibility to the stakeholders. Their primary
stakeholders are the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a solid business, Toyota should have realized they needed to hire more people to work, not force the current employees to work more. If Toyota
would have done this, they would have not only championed new world thinking, but also would have created more jobs to hire more people thus
helping lower unemployment in those countries. Corporations need to be held accountable for making sure they do not operate sweatshops. With
such high demand for lower and lower prices, companies are scrambling to try and beat out their competition. With this demand, companies appear to
be trying their ethics practices. Toyota was no different, they were trying to keep the price of their vehicles down so that customers in the United
States would purchase them over domestic and other international brands. To achieve this they were using the excuse of voluntary overtime, which
was not actually voluntary. Because the employees needed jobs, they worked all the hours without getting paid extra. Part of the problem was
cultural. Japanese believe they are part of the organization and will do whatever is needed to not lose face for them or the company. Also, Japan has a
medium power index, indicating that people will not usually question a manager; they will do what they are told (Beamer/Varner, 2010). Toyota needs
to understand moral relativism, that all cultures have valid principles. No one rule can apply everyone working in an organization, especially large
corporations.

The Is The World Still Not Homogenous? How Does This...
How far is the world still not homogenous? How does this influence the decisions made by multinational companies?
Introduction
The competitive advantage of every multinational company is determined with their ability to coordinate information and critical resources that spread
across numerous geographical locations. However, the world population is diverse and it is increasingly getting hard to find a homogenous society
(Matsumoto 1995). A homogenous society is the one most of its individuals share same religious systems, ethnicity, cultural values and language. The
reality is that even within the same ethnic society, there are different religions and values.
Moreover, the previously homogenous societies are increasingly becoming ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most of the MNCs emanate from the developed countries and most of their investments target the diverse cultural societies in the developing nations,
whose societies continue to change. These MNCs must undertake a number of strategic decisions in order to ensure their success in the multicultural
societies.
The managers in the global companies make a broad range of decisions in the plant and firm levels, encompassing traditional functions such as
marketing, finance, human resources and production. Most of these decisions centre into three broad categories of the extent to which the specific
actions should be differentiated or standardized, hiring across the global market and the decisions on the extent of decentralization of specific actions.
Decisions Concerning Differentiation and Standardization
The definition of the concept of standardization in business is hugely dependent on the nature of business activity under consideration (Roach 2007).
Although the concept is easily defined in the marketing context, since it is defined in terms of the 4Ps (product, price, place and promotion), the
concept is more complex when used in the context of the product choices. A multinationalcorporation would be forced to make a decision on whether
to adopt complete standardization, which involves creation of completely new product for each geographical market or complete

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