Presentation gave at the EV Battery Forum 2011 (Europe Edition) in April 2011 in Barcelona. Questioning the trend for every type of electric vehicle to use lithium batteries without fully understanding the total application.

1. Lithium For Everything?
Finding the Best Chemistry for the Application
Glenn Austin Green
Assistant Business Development Manager
EVB Technology (HK) Ltd

2. Agenda
• EVB Technology (HK) Ltd Background
• Presentation Purpose
• Li-ion Advantages (Real World Case)
• Case Studies for not selecting Li-ion
• Other EV applications?
• Take Away Point

3. EVB Technology Background
• 100% owned by GP Batteries Group
• Factory located in Hong Kong
• Manufactures in Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH)
and Lithium Ferro Phosphate (LiFePO4)
• 17+ years experience manufacturing large
format batteries
• One of the first Ovonic licensees for NiMH
• Second largest producer worldwide in NiMH
• Owner of Vectrix (e Maxi Scooter)
• Quality Accreditation – ISO/TS16949 Certificate
from DNV

4. Presentation Purpose
• To showcase via real world cases why we
must look at the total application (e.g.
working environment, nature of the task,
etc.) to judge the best chemistry for the
solution.

5. Advantages of Using Li-ion
NiMH LiFePO4
•3 Layers •1 Layer
•80kgs •45kgs
•6.8 sec Acceleration (0 – 80km) •5.8 sec Acceleration (0 – 80km)
•~80km Range •~100km Range

6. Dangers of Lithium

7. Commercial Advantage vs. Li-ion
•Switched customer from
Pb Acid to NiMH
•Able to partner for 10
years/100,000km warranty
to end customers.
•No expensive BMS
system to drive cost up
further

8. Operating Environment Issue
•Li-ion operates best in mild
climates
•Extremes at both end of the
temperature range affects the
performance. ZERO BATTERY FAILURES!!
December 2010:
Oslo had a series of -28°C days –
only 3 failures.
2 software errors and
1 wiring error.

9. Better Performance Demands
•Already using NiMH and
only wanted better
performance.
•Application had a high
max current draw (500 –
600A)
•Customer preference
limited the potential of a
Li-ion option.

10. Any EV Application?
Non-road mobile machinery contribute 7% (6.800
tonnes) and 11% (600 tonnes) of local emissions
of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) and respirable
suspended particulates (RSP) although only
13,500 vehicles – Hong Kong Environment
Protection Department (May 2010).

11. Hybridized RTG Cranes Solution
Customer:
Battery
Pack
Battery type: GP80EVS
(2 strings parallel)
Battery capacity: 160 Ah
Hybrid mode: Parallel hybrid
Power output: 300 kW
Nominal Voltage: 528V (1 over 5);
576V (1 over 6)
Max. Current: 600A (5sec)
Number of Cranes: 20+ cranes

12. Hybridized RTG Cranes Solution
Crane Type: TT638 Hybrid with
180kW Yuchai Engine
Net Amount Litre Savings
Idle (30 mins) 3.55 43%
Empty (10 moves) 5.42 56%
15 Tons (10 moves) 6.58 58%
30 Tons (10 moves) 9.04 54%
• Significant reduction of
smoke emissions
ROI in 6 months
12

13. Take Away Point
We must effectively communicate with our
customers on their application to strike the right
balance between expectations, budget limitations,
and technology.

14. Contact Information
Website:
• www.gpbatteries.com
• www.evbtech.com
Email:
• glennaustin_green@goldpeak.com
• info@evbtech.com