basic concepts in public administration

1. Public Administration
Basic Concepts
SUPERVISION

2. SUPERVISION
 Meaning - compound of two words “super” and ‘’vision’’ meaning overseeing. Supervision involves various
activities such as superintendence , direction, control, guidance, inspection and coordination
 Phases- F M Marks
Substantive or technical - work to be done techniques and the know how of work
Institutional or objective- policies and procedures according to which the work must be done
Personal or human –relates to the handling of workers
Main purposes –
Achieve coordination among the components
Ensure that each unit of agency accomplishes the task

3. TYPES of supervision
Single and Plural
Single --A member is supervised by only
one supervisor
Principle of unity of command
Henry Fayol
Plural -- a member is supervised by many
supervisors
Principle of functional forrnanship by F w
Tailor
Line and Functional
Line- Control by the people in the line of
command
Authoritative direction
Functional- control; by the subject matter
specialists
Staff function
Advisory in nature
Substantive and
technical
Substantive- actual work done by an
agency
Technical- methods by which the work is
done

4. Technics of supervision
by J D Millet
Prior approval of individual projects
Promulgation of service standards
Budgetary limitation up on the operations
Approval of subordinate personnel
Reporting system on work progress
Inspection of results

5. Supervisory styles
Likert’s
 Job centered supervision
pressure to get the work done, little confidence in
subordinates, close and detailed supervision, low freedom, do not participate the
subordinates in decision making, punitive and critical when mistakes occur
 Employee centered supervision
Little pressure on subordinates, general
supervision, trust subordinates, allows to schedule their own pace, maximum
participation in decision making, more attention responsible job