11. Advantages
Best for cosmetic results
Low transverse incisions are 30 times
stronger than vertical incisions
Less painful
Less interference with post-operative
respirations
12. Disadvantages
More time consuming
more hemorrhagic
Hematoma or seroma formation are more
common
Ability to explore the upper abdominal cavity
adequately is compromised
13. Original/true Pfannesteil incision is described
as a transverse incision that is slightly curved
(concavity upward) and may be made at any
level suitable to the surgeon
10-15cm long
The skin and subcutaneous fat and fascia of
the abdominal wall are incised transversely.
The fascia is separated from the rectus
muscle superiorly, inferiorly and laterally.
The rectus muscles are then separated and
the peritoneum is incised in the midline
14.
15. Incorrectly referred as modified Pfannesnteil
incision
The slightly curved transverse skin incision
begins below the level of anterior superior iliac
spine and extends just below the pubic hairline
,through subcutaneous fat down to the
aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle and
the anterior sheath of the recti musculature
Midline incision through fascia exposing rectus
and pyramidalis muscle.
The rectus muscles are retracted laterally and
peritoneum is incised in midline
16.
17. Skin and fascia are divided transversely
Rectus muscle is freed at their tendinous
insertion into the pubis symphysis.
Rectus muscles are then retracted cephalad
to improve exposure
The transverse Cherney incision is about 25%
longer than a midline incision measured from
the umbilicus to the symphysis.
18. Excellent exposure to space of Retzius and
excellent exposure of the pelvic side wall.
In closure of Cherneys incision ,the ends of
rectus tendons are united to the inferior
portion of lower flap of the rectus sheath with
5-6 interrupted delayed sutures in horizontal
mattress configuration
Femoral nerve can be damaged
19. Developing space of retzius
The hand of the operator
easily separates' the bladder
from the overlying
symphysis in the relatively
bloodless midline
20.
21. It is a true transverse muscle cutting incision
in which all layers of abdominal wall are
incised transversely
1st by Ernest Maylard in 1907
Provides excellent pelvic exposure
Can be used for radical pelvic surgery
including Radical hysterectomy with pelvic
lymph node dissection and pelvic
exonerations
22. A transverse incision is made abour 3-8cm
above the pubic symphysis
Fascia is cut transversely
Aponeurosis is not detached from underlying
muscle
The inferior Epigastric arteries are isolated,
sectioned and ligated
The rectus muscles are incised with a knife or a
Bovie device
The hand of the surgeon is withdrawn as muscle
is cut
23. For better approximation of muscles during
closure,suture the underlying muscle to the
underlying fascia before entering peritoneum.
2-0 delayed U suture is used,and knots are
placed anteriorly to the fascia
Peritoneum is incised transversely
24.
25. A 10cm transverse skin incision 3cm below the level of ASIS taken
The subcutaneous tissue is opened sharply 2-3cm in the midline
A small transverse incision is made in the fascia & curved Mayo scissors
are pushed laterally on each side & beneath subcutaneous fat to incise
the fascia
Index finger from both hands are inserted b/w Rectus abdomanis
muscle bellies & benath the fascia
One finger is moved cranially & the other caudally in opposition to
seperate the muscle
Peritoneum is entered sharply and the incision is sharply extended to
cephalo caudal
In Misgav ladach technique the peritoneum is entered bluntly
26. Affords excellent exposure to gall bladder &
biliary tract
Used in cholecystectomy
27. This incision is continued across the midline
into double kocher’s incision or rooftop
appearance which provides excellent
exposure to upper abdomen particularly in
those with broad coastal margin
Used in- total gastrectomy
Total oesophagectomy
Extensive hepatic resection
Bilateral adrenectomy
29. Least haemorrhagic
Ensures rapid entry into abdominal/pelvic
cavity
Location:
In midline of abdomen ,can extend from
xiphoid process to just above umbilicus
It can be continued to below the umbilicus by
curving the incision around umbilicus
30. Layers of abdomnal wall :
Skin,fascia,linea alba,transversalis
facia,extraperitonel fat & peritoneum
Advantages
o Adequate exposure
o Minimal blood loss
o Minimal nerve injury
Disadvantages
o Midline scar
o Burst abdomen
31. It is palced lateral to midline and splits rectus
muscle longitudunally
Excellent exposure & exrensibility
Increased risk of bleeding & nerve injury
Modified paramedian incision-retracts the
rectus muscle laterally before incising the
posterior rectus sheath peritoneum
32.
33. Paramedian incision that has been curved
towards xiphoid process
Bigger , wider opening
35. Obliquely Downwards inwards over Mcburney
point
McBurneys point- 2/3rd from the umbilicus &
1/3rd rom the right ASIS
Appendectomy
Drainage Of pelvic Abscess
36. Incision is carried through –
skin,subcutaneous fat to the external oblique
muscles
The fibers of the musclein the direction in
which they run are seperated
In closing intrnal oblique fibres are
approximated with in figure of 8 no. 0
delayed absorable sutures
Aponeurosis of external oblique is closed
with continuous or interrupted no. 0 delayed
absorable sutures
37.
38. Transverse incision placed at the junction of
middle & lower thirds of the line extending
from ASIS to umbilicus
Ext oblique aponeurosis split in line of fibers
Internal oblique & transverse muscle fibers
seperated by blunt finger dissection
Peritoneun is incised transversely
40. Calculation of suture ( SL to WL ratio –S)/D
(A- [B+C])/D
A= LENGTH OF THE SUTURE USED
B = LENGTH OF THE SUTURE REMNANTS AT
THE STARTING KNOT
C=LENGTH OF SUTURE REMNANTS AT THE
FINISHING KNOT
D= LENGTH OF SKIN INCISION
41. Use a monofilament suture material,slowly
absorable/non absorable
Use continuous suture technique
Close the wound in one layer
Avoid high tension on the suture-adapt but
do not compress the fascial edges
Place the stitches in the fascia only, 5 to 8mm
from the wound edge and at close intervals
4-5mm apart
The SL to WL ratio should be greatr than 4