1.
Misbah Azher
13901039

2.
 An incision is a fine cut made by a surgeon during
surgery.
 Abdominal incision -> Incision on abdominal wall

3.
1.Midline Incisions-A vertical incision which follows the
linea alba.
 It may be:
- upper midline incision
-lower midline incision
-single incision

4.
 Advantages-
-almost bloodless
-no muscle fibers are divided
-no nerves are injured
-good access to upper abdominal viscera
-very quick to make as well as to close
-can be extended full lenght of abdomen curving around umblical scar
 Disadvantages-
-Cosmetically not approved
 Used in surgeries like Like in perforated appendix, twisted ovarian
cyst, ileal perforation.

5.
2. Para median Incision- It is made 2 to 5 cm lateral to
umbilicus.

6.
 Advantages-
-vertical incision to right or left,provides access to lateral str. such as
spleen or kidney.
-closure is theoretically more secure because rectus muscle can act as
a buttress between reapproximated posterior and anterior fascial
planes
 Disadvantages-
- It tends to weaken and strip off the muscles from its lateral vascular
and nerve supply resulting in atrophy of the muscle medial to the
incision.
-The incision is laborious and difficult to extend superiorly as is
limited by costal margins.
-It doesn’t give good access to contralateral structures.
- Comparatively more bleeding

7.
 Advantages:
- best cosmetic results
- less painful
-faster healing postoperative
- greater strength
 Disadvantages:
-more time-consuming
-more haemorrhagic
- compromised ability to explore upper abdominal cavity
- division of multiple layers of fascia and muscle and nerves,
may result with haematoma or seroma in potential spaces.

8.
Is started at midline ,2 to 5 cm below the xiphoid,and
extends downwards outwards and parallel to and
about 2.5 cm below costal margin
-It affords excellent exposure to gall bladder and biliary
tract and can be made on left side to afford access
to spleen.
-Especially used in cholecystectomy

9.
 is divided into :
-Chevron (Roof Top) Modification-
Rooftop incision used for gastrectomy,
oesophagectomy, pancreatectomy,
hepatic resection, and liver
transplantation.
-The Mercedes Benz Modification-
bilateral Kochlar incision with
extension upto xphisternum
,classically used for liver
transplantation , diaphragmatic
hiatuses.

10.
 In newborn and infants, this incision is preferred bcs
more abdominal exposure is gained per lenght of incision
than with vertical exposure
 Because infants’ abdomen longer transverse than vertical
girth.
 Also true of short, obese adult

11.
 Incision is made at the McBurney point.
 Originally placed the incision obliquely from above
laterally to below medially.
 Incision of choice most appendicectomies
 Similar incision can also used in left lower
quadrant to deal with certain lesion of sigmoid
colon such as drainage of diverticular abscess

12.
 It is a variation of mcburneys incision that is made the
same point but in transverse plane.
 It gives cosmetically good scar.

13.
 Eponym of Rutherford-Morrison Incision
 Extension of McBurney incision by division of oblique
fossa
 Can be used for right and left sided colonic
resection, caecostomy or sigmoid colostomy

14.
 Used frequently by gynecologist and urologist for
access to pelvic organ, bladder, prostate and for c-
section.
 is usually 12 cm long and is made in skin fold
approximately 5 cm above symphysis pubis

15.
 gives excellent exposure to pelvic organ
 Skin incision is placed above but parallel to
traditional placement of Pfannenstiel incision

16.
 Either right or left
 Converts pleural and peritoneal cavities into one
common cavity
 Thereby gives excellent exposure
 Right incision may be particularly useful in elective
and emergency hepatic resections
 Left incision may be used in resection of lower end
of esophagus and proximal portion of stomach.
 Incision is extended along line of 8th intercostal
space,the space immediately distal to inferior pole of
scapula.

17.
1. Kochlar
2. Median
3. Mc-Burney
4. Battle
5. Lanz
6. Para-Median
7. Transverse Muscle Cutting
8. Oblique Muscle Cutting
9. Pfannenstiel