The Standard Of Living During The Industrial Revolution...

The Standard Of Living During The Industrial Revolution...
Henry Ziegler 10044371
Prof. Frank Lewis
ECON 231
Thursday, November 20, 2014
Analysis on the Standard of Living in the Industrial Revolution Debate
Before the Industrial Revolution, Great Britain's economy relied heavily on agriculture, which at that point of time was based a flawed system dating
back to the Middle Ages. This system, known as the open field system, showed agricultural inefficiencies, and was disallowing of innovation. These
inefficiencies eventually led to the privatization of land for agriculture, in an effort to solve what is now commonly referred to as "the tragedy of the
commons". Great Britain was now moving forward, and as the country (and continent) began enclosing their land, Britain began a period of
modernization, with new technologies that would increase productivity in industry to a level never before seen. This is the period commonly referred
to as the Industrial Revolution, and was an era of unprecedented growth in industry from the middle of the 18th century until around the middle of the
19th century. In 1760, 53% of the British population worked in agriculture. By 1840, that had dropped to 29%. The evolution from water and wind
power to steam engines, as well as the creation of many pieces of machinery for the textile industry (such as the Spinning Jenny, which reduced the
production time on yarn) vastly improved British manufacturing of goods, and the reliance on agriculture continued to drop. The development from an
agricultural focus
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Gdp Per Capita As An Indicator Of Standard Of Living
GDP per Capita As an indicator of standard of living GDP per capita is the market value of the final goods and services produced in a country
during a given period per person (McDowell et al. 2012). This could also be explained as a measure of quantity of goods and services available to
a typical resident of the country at a particular period. GDP per capita is used as an indicator of standard of living because it reflects the
accessibility of goods and services to a person. GPD counts only the goods and services that have "market value" but they are just one of the
measures of standard of living. There are many other factors that affects standard of living and do not contribute to GDP, e.g. environmental
quality and leisure time (McDowell et al. 2012). China has been facing serious ecological problem (e.g. water and air quality) while its economic
grows. Nonetheless, environmental quality cannot be bought or sold in the market, the issue is not demonstrated in China's GDP. Other than that,
leisure time available to a person can affect his standard of living. The person is better off if he can enjoy more leisure activity. But leisure time is not
priced in market, and it does not give a rise in GDP. Another problem of using GDP per capita is that it neglects purchasing power. Table 1 Real GDP
per capita at 2013 (US$)Real GDP per capita based on PPP (US$) China358311524 Japan3757335614 Japan : China10.43.0 (The World Bank, 2015)
Table 1 shows that real GDP per capita

Essay On Living Standards In The UK
There is no doubt that the United Kingdom's living standards evolved positively during this last decade. Living standard is understood as the level of
income and comfort of a person, family or a group, and the UK increasing the quality of their public services allowed them to move up their ranking
position by two places since 2009 in the Legatum Prosperity Index, and presently, the UK ranks the tenth position in the world. However, the United
Kingdom hasn't been developing their economic growth's quality since the European Great Recession and also it is not improving its business
environment. The UK is no more competitive as other years due to their market flexibility and entrepreneurship. Other developing countries are
progressing faster... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Priti Patel's speech in July 2016, as the Secretary of State for International Development from the UK, said that they started an 'economic
development strategy', which has the main goal to strengthen developing countries' ability to trade more with external partners (including the UK)
while helping to create millions of jobs in countries across the world. In this case, African countries would be considered as their "trading partners of
the future," she said. When the UK came out from the European Union, existing relationships with African countries had to be renovated in order to
establish new trade and investment links, hence African regions would allow British businesses to arise again. The African oil exports and metals are
indispensable for the UK agricultural and manufacturing areas nowadays, and as the UK has more access to African trading market, they also take
advantage of an easier access to those natural resources. If the UK supports African economic growth by strengthening their trade agreements, then the
UK would increase the living standard of its population. However, African manufactured goods are being exported to many other powerful countries in
the world and with the highest economic growth, and those countries would include China and the U.S. At this point, as the demand for African
manufactured goods and resources

Standard Of Living In The United States
Why is it that we live in a world that is so different? Not different in the way that people come on all shapes and sizes as well as coming from
different backgrounds but different in the standard of living. Here in the United States the majority of us never worry about our safety from day to
day or whether or not we will be able to eat another meal. We have outstanding medical care and are an extremely affluent country. How is it that my
biggest worry is what college I will go to but some people in other parts of the world have no formal education at all? We as a country are capable of
closing the gap in the standard of living all over the world. Because of our affluence we have the time to worry about environmental problems and how
people

Singapore 's Highest Standards Of Living
Singapore is a country located in Southeastern Asia between Malaysia and Indonesia and it comprises the main island and around 50 smaller
islands. (See Exhibit 1). It was a British trading colony in 1819 and joined the Malaysian Federation in 1963 but became independent two years
later in 1965. A 697 squared kilometers country ranked as 192nd in the world according to its area and no more that 3.5 times the size of
Washington, DC has become one of the world 's most successful countries with strong international trading relations and one of the world's highest
standards of living. Singapore is a parliamentary representative democratic republic, the head of government is the Prime Minister (Lee Hsien Loong)
and the head of State is the president (Tan Keng Yam. A.k.a. Tony Tan) who has some veto power in decisions regarding national reserves, armed
forces and internal security matters. Politics in this country haven been governed by The People's Action Party (PAP) since 1959. Under the leadership
of PAP, Singapore has a highly centralized structure characterized by an authoritarian and pragmatic political culture. The power in Singapore is gained
trough skill, performance, and loyalty to the nation and its policies. The government in Singapore has established a dominant policy where the state has
taken on the role of promoter and practitioner of Corporate Social Responsibility . However, some national and international organizations have
published some indicators showing

Standard Of Living In Canada Essay
1
Social Implications of Energy Use and
Improvement of Living Standards through
Modern Energy Access in Canada
Alberto Ang Co
August 15, 2015
2
Canada's Human Development Index (HDI)
Long and
Healthy Life
Decent
Standard of Living
Access to
Knowledge
0.850 0.900 0.950
15. Hong Kong
14. United Kingdom
13. Iceland
12. Sweden
11. Ireland
10. Denmark
9. Singapore
8. Canada
7. New Zealand
6. Germany
5. United States
4. Netherlands

3. Switzerland
2. Australia
1. Norway
In 2014, the United Nations (UN) ranked Canada in 8th place out of 187 countries in terms of
Human Development Index (HDI), which measures long–term progress in three basic dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life,
access to knowledge, and a decent standard of
living.[1] ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
10
Indicators of Well–being in Canada through
Modern Energy Access
Health (Life Expectancy at Birth)
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
Life expectancy at birth, total
(years)
Energy is needed to run the hospitals and other health industries and services. The World Health
Organization (WHO) definition of health: "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well–being and not merely the absence of disease
or infirmity."[14] Majority of Canadians report very good physical and mental health. Life expectancy of Canadians was 81.2 years in 2012; in
contrast, life expectancy of people in low income countries was 58.8 years.
11
Indicators of Well–being in Canada through
Modern Energy Access
Family Life (Infant Mortality under 5)
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0

80.0
100.0
120.0
Mortality rate, under–5 (per 1,000 live births)
The family is the basic unit of society, and high infant mortality can indicate the well being or social conditions of a family. In 2012, infant mortality
rate (under five years old) was 5.3% per
1000 live birth in Canada; 79.1 in low income countries and 95.6% in sub–Saharan Africa (all income levels).[12]

Adequate Shelter : A Reasonable Standard Of Living Essay
Adequate shelter is one of the most basic human necessities to maintaining a reasonable standard of living; however, I would argue that most
people prefer housing that is not only survivable, but also comfortable and livable. This need to own a comfortable home was satiated a few years
ago as housing prices fell drastically and interest rates on loans declined as well. It truly was a buyer's market at least until people started to purchase
houses they would ordinarily never have been able to, taking out loans with increasingly lower interest rates, but being unable to pay for those loans
for a very long time. As the bubble of interest rates and housing prices finally collapsed, some of the unfortunate people who had purchased houses they
could not afford found themselves losing their homes as collateral for the monumental loans taken by the homeowners. Thus, as this buyer's market is
slowly starting to emerge again with good housing prices and low interest rates, potential homeowners must be wary of the fate of those who came
before them. One option, the "rent–to–own" option is one way that future homeowners can more safely transition into taking a mortgage to own a
home. The "rent–to–own" option of owning a home is essentially where a homeowner pays monthly rent on a home and a portion of this rent is put
toward eventually owning a home after a period of long term payments. Likely the most immediate benefit of this kind of ownership is that it is not a
loan and if a person

Does Better Education Necessarily Lead to a Better...
"Education is the key to a greater society." Education has become a necessity in our fast–paced globalizing society and is undoubtedly they key to a
greater society. Therefore, in order to understand if better education leads to a better standard of living, we have to first note that a better standard of
living means an improved condition of which people live by, indicated by factors such as increased literacy rates, mortality rates and –perhaps, a better
education – referred to as better educational qualifications in the form of training, certification or knowledge. Hence, we see that education has
become necessary in order to alleviate our living standards and the key to the progress of our society. However, this does not hold true for... Show more
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Living standards of these individuals thus remain very low, with education being unable to pull them out of the poverty they live in.
Better education also does not necessarily lead to a better standard of living as the increasingly competitive society may act as a barrier to one's ability
to find employment in a society where grades are everything. Many university graduates are finding it increasingly difficult to find a job with an
income that a university graduate with a degree should command and may remain jobless months after they graduate. An increasingly competitive
society has led to the discrimination of those who are not as 'smart' as others and has left many stranded, struggling to maintain relevant in skills of
abilities in this fast–paced society. Hence, a better education can also be a double edged sword, while alleviating the living standards of some, it has
perpetuated the lack of ability for others to survive in a society with increasing commodity prices and living expenses. Furthermore, better education in
an increasingly affluent society translates to a university education, and those who are unable to receive a high level of education, and are only able to
attain education up to high school are discriminated, only able to find jobs which pay a low salary. While a high school education may be good
enough in some societies, an increasingly affluent society will not be able to accept such a

Income Inequality and Standard of Living in the United...
Income Inequality and Standard of Living in the United States
A characteristic of man that separates him from the majority of the animal world is his organization of social and economic systems. Man, however,
retains traits of his evolutionary ancestors in the form of self–preservation and greediness. While many political, economic, and social systems try to
eradicate this form of natural selection, capitalism and related economic structures preserve social inequality in many forms. Historically, this
preservation of financial inequality has achieved a higher standard of living generally than systems originally formed and employed to achieve just that.
There are specific economic factors of capitalism that enables it to make life more ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many privately owned companies exist in capitalist societies. The population is not vast enough to carry all of these companies.
Everyone needs a house. Rich people poor people; all people are included. This is a problem, because housing costs a great deal of money. Poor
people that can barely afford food and clothing also have a hard time finding reasonable housing. As a result, some live in unsafe and unhealthy
conditions that are badly in need of repair. Poor people live in the central city for two different reasons. First, the farther away that you get from the
central business district, the higher your transportation costs to get to your job (assuming that the job is located in the CBD). If you can not afford
to commute to your work, you will be unable to keep your job, making you worse off economically. Therefore, you would chose to locate your
residence close to your place of employment (closer to the CBD) in order to reduce your transportation costs. IF you live close enough to your place of
employment, you may not need to use any form of transportation other then your feet, which doesn't cost you anything but your time.
The second reason has to do with where new houses are built. New homes are built on land that was previously undeveloped, usually located on the
outer edge of the residential district, furthest away from the central business district. The wealthiest people move into these new homes, leaving the
upper middle

Globalization and Lower Living Standards for Americans...
Kofi Annan, a UN diplomat, once said,"...that arguing against globalization is like arguing against the laws of gravity." He is undoubtedly correct in
this assessment. Indeed, globalization is no longer something to be skeptical of, it is very real and is changing our world exponentially. The affects of
globalization, however, continue to be a heated topic for debate. Proponents praise the overall economic lift provided by free trade, the diffusion of
cultures, and the spread of democracy and capitalism. Critics cry foul at the loss of national identity, the accelerated and uncontrolled use of natural
resources, and the redistribution of wealth into the hands of a few very powerful people and corporations. Globalization is a ... Show more content on
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If it had not been for the increasing awareness of other cultures brought about by globalization Yoga would never have grown to the fad it is today.
This prevalence of global fads can be seen in many ways, especially in entertainment and technology. When I was younger I regularly read Japanese
manga comics. These comics, long popular in Japan, only recently became popular in America due to the proliferation of American fan translations on
the internet. Through manga I learned a lot of Japanese culture and found hours of entertainment that I would not have experienced otherwise. As
with the entertainment of Japanese comics, I also play several video games designed in Japan and regularly use technology such as the Sony
Playstation. In fact, the computer I type on is of Korean origin. Without globalization these parts of my life would be quite different. The prevalence
of technology and ideas can only have a positive impact on the world and my life. The more minds in the world that can cooperatively work to
improve our lives the better. My life has definitely been impacted by this aspect of globalization and I am grateful for it. How many hours of enjoyment
have I gotten from international entertainment, how much easier does my computer make my life? These things are not immediately quantifiable, but
I can be sure that I would rather have these experiences and technologies than to have missed out on them. In addition to the affects of globalization on
my life

The Government Of The United States Should Not Improve The...
INTRODUCTION
Throughout history, many have debated whether or not the government of the United States should do more to help individuals who are needy or if
they should step back and let the individuals help themselves. Data shows that there are many people who feel strongly about one way or the other and
many that see it both ways. We should identify factors such as age and totalfamily income to see what affects citizens of the United States to believe
one way or the other. I hypothesize that, if an individual has a higher total family income then they will believe that the government should not improve
the standard of living. I think that if an individual is able to provide a higher family income then they will think that those poor ... Show more content on
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Many researchers have investigated volunteering and what leads people to volunteer. Studies have also been done concerning who is deserving of
welfare and attitudes that individuals have about the United States welfare systems. Poverty is something that is so often looked at in many different
ways depending on the society. Stefan Svallfors conducted research in 2004 that compared class, attitudes and the welfare state in four different
countries. Svallfors compared Sweden, Britain, Germany, and the United States' citizens attitudes towards what the government's responsibility is when
it come to helping individuals in need. The author is trying to figure out what factors cause the different attitudes from different countries. His theory is
that as welfare policies differ between countries, it will differ between class and attitude. He also theorizes that attitudes towards welfare policies could
change over time and as time progresses, the attitude will progress in a different direction among the populations. The data that is analyzed in this
paper comes from the 1996 survey on "The Role of Government" conducted within the International Social Survey Programme. This research found that
responses varied between nations and we must consider the living conditions in each country. Sweden was the

Standard of Living: Canada vs Us
Problem:
Having lived in the border town of Windsor, Ontario, for over ten years I have happened to observe some differences between the lifestyles of
residents living in Canada and the United States; some differences being more apparent than others. To identify these differences, lets first look at
the difference between standard of living and quality of life as these are specific terms I will use to identify the differences in lifestyles between
Americans and Canadians. Standard of living refers to the level of wealth, comfort and material goods and necessities available to a certain
socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area. Quality of life relates to the number and quality of basic benefits provided to all citizens. These ...
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This can especially be noticed in the Toronto and Vancouver areas where cost of living is higher than other regions inCanada, but salaries are the same
or may be only slightly lower. This makes it a real challenge for individuals in these situations to save money and grow their net worth.
Another factor driving up the cost of living in Canada is taxation rates. Taxation is a lot higher in Canada than in theUnited States (MSN Money, 2010).
We can illustrate this with a simple example that can be understood by most Canadians. The lowest sales tax rate is in Alberta where sales tax is only
seven percent, which is the federal sales tax applied to the entire nation, however the sales tax rate in Michigan is only six percent and Michigan
isn`t considered a state with low tax rates in US! In comparison with other states such as Delaware and New Hamshire where there is no sales tax
applied to purchases, the seven percent sales tax rate in Alberta does not seem as attractive anymore (LГ©tourneau, Raynald and Lajoie, Martine,
2000). The Canadian taxation system is a progressive taxation system similar to that of the United States which means that taxation rates increase as
your level of income increases in order to redistribute wealth from the rich to the poor in order to increase

Should World Be A Low Standard Of Living With Wine And Beef?
Should the world continue to grow in population and live in poverty (bread diet) or should we create sound methods to ensure our survival in a
higher standard of living with wine & beef? Should world leaders unite in determining carrying capacity ensuring a high standard of living for its
citizens and in so doing protecting the world? According to Hardin, "carrying capacity is defined as the maximum number of animals (humans) an
area can support." (Hardin) When a country becomes over populated and no longer able to grow food for its citizens, food is imported. This works
assuming the country has the money to purchase the food but it can result in a catastrophic problem if money is scarce or no crops are available to
buy. At this point, it is hoped that richer nations will step in and provide grains (bread) to feed the citizens of that country. As Paul Erlich puts it, "the
balanced planet is limited and limited resources are on a direct collision course with population growth." (Sabin) Research indicates that the earth
could support 50 billion people but they would survive on substance living such as "bread". But is that living? Resources are limited, especially if
there are 50 billion people roaming the earth. All that the average family could live off of and afford would in fact be bread. Mintz' shows in
'Sweetness and Power' how when a thing like sugar is not readily available, it becomes wildly expensive. The same thing would occur once again in
the world;

Gdp, Is It a Useful Measure of Living Standards?
Why is GDP per capita useful as a measure of living standards? What are the limitations of GDP per capita as a comparable measure of living
standards? Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the monetary value of final goods and services produced in a given year by factors of
production within a country. GDP reports are released on the last day of each quarter, reflecting the previous quarter. Therefore, it is measured on a
quarterly basis and measures the level of economic growth in different countries. GDP is commonly expressed as an international currency and is
useful because it is widely known, easily calculated and provides a useful statistic for comparison. These figures can help us determine whether a
nation's economy has... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Currencies are traded like any commodity and sometimes they are over or undervalued in different countries. If the common exchange rate was
used, a distorted picture of comparable living standards would be the result. Therefore, PPP is used to correct the distortions caused by over or
undervalued currencies. GDP per capita ignores the value of goods and services that are not traded, which may understate the true living standards
because of the black economy. In a black/hidden economy, economic activity and the consumption of goods and services are not recorded or included
in the GDP. The illegal economy is part of the hidden economy and consists of income produced by violating legal laws, such as criminal activities,
drug trafficking and prostitution. Therefore these activities do not show up on tax authorities. Non–market goods and services are not recorded either.
An example of this is babysitting; some parents may put their children in daycare centres, which they pay and therefore the money is included in the
economic activity of the country. On the other hand, a parent may ask a neighbor to look after their child whilst they go out, as a favour without
paying them. The neighbor is executing the exact same service that a daycare centre would, except they do not receive any money for doing so. The
Economist's latest estimates for the total value of the black economy throughout the world is $9 trillion and

Child Poverty : An Increasing Number Of Families
Child poverty in Britain affects an increasing number of families; the most recent statistics from 2014–2015 show that poverty affects 1 in 4 children in
the UK today1. The cause of child poverty has many contributing factors and creates multiple issues for the individuals affected. Child poverty in
Britain is much different than the television adverts that show the awful living conditions of children in third world countries, however still has
devastating outcomes for those experiencing poverty. Our standard of living is much different and therefore we must compare poverty in Britain to
the living standards that we are accustomed to in society today; this concept was introduced by sociologist Peter Townsend in 1979 who defined
poverty as; 'Individuals, families and groups in the population can be said to be in poverty when they lack resources to obtain the type of diet,
participate in the activities and have the living conditions and amenities which are customary, or at least widely encouraged and approved, in the
societies in which they belong.' 2 Child poverty within Britain is the limited income which causes families to be unable to provide the essential
resources needed to live at an adequate standard in relation to society. There are a number of reasons as to why a family lives in poverty, such as illness
or disability. A person with a disability may be unable to find employment and therefore relies on financial support from the state however due to
changes in the

Why Do Americans Already Enjoy Living Standards
#1. Americans already enjoy living standards that far exceed world averages. Do we have enough? Should we even try to produce more? I think it is
vital that Americans always continue to strive for prosperity because our economy is so market–driven. Without the motivational drive for increasing
output we would begin to lose vital elements behind our overall production in the United States.
Although, I think it is important that we remember the goods and services that our lower–class enjoys are considered luxuries in the poorer population
of many other nations.
Summing up my point I'd say we have enough but we must continue to treasure the mentality of wanting more because it made our current standards of
living possible.
#2. Why is GDP

Microfinance: Improving the Standard of Living in...
The United Nations has established a list of 8 goals that were to be achieved. These were eradicating poverty and extreme hunger, achieve universal
primary education, promote gender equality and empower women, reducing child mortality rates, improving maternal health care, combating HIV
/AIDS and other deadly diseases, ensuring environmental stability, and finally to develop a global partnership for development.
Although these are arduous tasks, several of these goals are being accomplished with the help of great ideas and well executed planning. Microfinance
is one of the great ideas that can help in accomplish several of the goals established by the United Nations.
A brief history on microfinance
Microfinance is the purveying ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Not only are the recipients enjoying a higher income and creating employment positions, their standard of living is enhanced significantly.
But these are just a few of the institutions that are successful in creating social and economic reform. There have been criticisms to microfinance, in
that it may not be as effective as advocates for the system may claim. Some advocates may claim that microfinance is the best way to eradicate poverty.
Supporting research for that is not always conclusive. Economic journalist, Nicholas D. Kristof, asserts that an increase in savings rate by recipients of
micro–loans is attributed to the large difference microfinance makes than simply the process of lending.
Social and non–income related impacts:
Although microfinance helps in combating poverty in developing countries, there is a side–effect of the implementation of MFIs in them. These are
non–income or social impacts on the consumers.
The microfinance industry currently serves over 80 million poor entrepreneurs globally, about 70% of who were among the poorest when they took
their first loan. These clients fit the profile of those at most risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. Women, who bear the brunt of global poverty, are also the
primary beneficiaries of microfinance. Microfinance has typically targeted women–led microenterprises

Italy : A High Standard Of Living
Italy is one of Europe's largest economies, with a population of 61,855,120 and GDP (PPP) of 2.128 trillion USD, ranking 13th in the world ("The
World Factbook Page on Italy," 2015). Northern Italy's tourism, manufacturing, and industrial areas drive the economy while the southern agricultural
sector pulls it down. Overall there is a relatively high standard of living ranked 26 out of 187 countries on the Human Development Index (HDI)
("Human Development Reports," 2013). 75.7% of Italy's population has some secondary education, and the country has a literacy rate of 99% ("Human
Development Reports," 2013). Despite the highly educated population, the unemployment rate remains high at 11.6% as of September 2015 ("Italy
Unemployment Rate | 1983–2015 | Data | Chart | Calendar | Forecast," 2015). Although unemployment remains high, our product ranges from sport
bikes to scooters appeal to all income ranges and enthusiast to commuter. Italy's mixed economy is a moderately free economy, rated 80th most free
economy in the world in 2015 according to the Index of Economic Freedom ("Italy," 2015). Currently, public debt is high, despite new government
policies and goals to reduce debt; it has increased to 2.39 trillion USD (Totaro & Salzano, 2015). Italy's banking industry, like other counties within
the EU as well as the US have taken a hit from the recession. Italy is known for its small local community banks, many are at risk of merging or going
away due to new regulations.

Living Standard Of The Working Class Analysis
Living Standard of the Working Class
The Federal minimum wage law was enacted back in 1938 by President D. Franklin Roosevelt, during the Great Depression with a purpose of keeping
America's workers out of poverty, and increase consumer purchasing power in order to help the economy. The current Federalminimum wage is 7.25
per hour which could be calculated to an annual income of about $15,080 before tax for a full–time worker. According to the U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services, the Federal Poverty Level, a measure of income level issued annually for an individual is $11,770.
With the inadequate minimum wage, many American families are struggling to get by. Today's constantly increasing costs of housing, child
–care, and
health–care ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Income inequality by definition is the extent to which income is unevenly distributed among a population. The United States is in the lead in income
inequality since the income gap between the people who make the most money and everyone else has greatly widened within the last 30 years. One
explanation is that the United States is the leader in the transition from labor income to capital income. Dr. Jason Furman, an economic adviser to
President Barack Obama has argued that raising the minimum wage is one of the ways to alleviate the main challenge of inequality. Furman thinks
the minimum wage should be at least $10.10 per hour. According to Furman, "In real terms, the current minimum wage is far less than it was 45 years
ago," says Furman. "That is why we want to raise it, both at the federal and at the state level." (Barkat,

A Brief Note On The American Era Of Development
I.INTRODUCTION
We are living in the era of development where we have achieved a great advancement in the technology. This technological advancement has also
brought a rapid pace in the world of business. The advancements in the way people access information, communicate with one another, and complete
tasks have allowed for flexibility in the workplace, but they have also subsided the distinction between works, family and their social life. Employers
expect more output from staff, and employees are increasingly putting additional pressure on themselves to achieve greater results. For excessive
pressures employees are facing imbalance work life which is creating impact on their standard of living and quality of life. Eventually, employees are
losing their interest on their work. So, organization is getting less output from their employees. This overall situation can bring a mess in the
performance of the employees which will lead to failure in achieving company's goal. So, managers have to perform a great role for bringing balance
in the work so that employees can have a healthy work life and organization can get their expected benefit from their employees. II.WORK LIFE
BALANCE
Work–Life Balance does not mean to create an equal balance. It is not anything like trying to schedule an equal number of hours for each of the
different work of workplace and personal activities. This is usually unrewarding and unrealistic. Life is and should be more seamless than that.

Minimum Wage Should Be Raised For A Better Standard Of Living
Vamsi Sanagala
Hannah Manshel
Dec 15 2014
English 1
Minimum Wage Almost 3.3 out of 76 million workers in the US receive minimum wage (Source: BLS reports). Activists for raising the minimum wage
claim that the federal minimum wage of $7.25 is the reason they are living in poverty, and that the wage must be raised for a better standard of living.
Many people who take on minimum wage jobs are young and work in companies that don't carry much prestige; however, they still take pride in their
work and demand higher pay (BLS reports). On the other side of the issue, there are claims that raising the minimum wage will actually have more
drawbacks than benefits such as hurting the economy (Opposing Viewpoints). The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These effects can be seen as a boost to the economy because those 28 million workers would make use of their extra money, and put it back into
the ever flowing economy. This action by the workers would lead to an overall estimated 35 billion dollar increase (Cap Action). Raising the
minimum wage would also help lessen the disparity of income that often occurs. I think many people can agree that some jobs pay way too much,
as opposed to other jobs. By raising the minimum wage just a little, the workers can feel more needed and potentially increase productivity (Cap
Action). People also believe that by ensuring a fair wage distribution, affluent people would have less trouble relating to poorer folk, and vice
versa. Raising the minimum wage would reduce unemployment, which is a problem some 4% of Americans today suffer from (Pew Research).
This statement is backed up by the fact that previous states that raised minimum wage have generally seen an increase in offered jobs (Cap Action).
Raising the minimum wage would also minimally affect other prices of things, which would not lead to problems in the overall scheme of things
(Cap Action). It is stated that the price of a CD would be raised by just one cent to compensate for a minimum wage increase. An increase would also
let 3.5 million workers who use food stamps to be able to purchase their own food, which would not only help them, but also help the

Job Automation Advantages
One of the biggest controversies with the advancement of artificial intelligence is the debate on job automation. Many people believe that artificial
intelligence will advance to become better than humans and replace humans in most jobs. The opposite belief is that AI will be used to improve the
standard of living and will be a tool to support humans, not replace them. Job automation has many benefits such as performing more dangerous jobs
and complete tasks that humans do not desire to do. Even though job automation has benefits, there are many people who believe robots will take
over the job market and the unemployment rate will skyrocket. There are multiple supporting factors for each side of the job automation debate, but
the argument will never be settled until AI is further advanced and utilized. The main key points of the side that support the advancement of job
automation is that AI will improve the standard of living, lower the prices of products, and encourage people to get higher education. As job
automation progresses, so does the standard of living. The largest sector of the job industry that will be affected by job automation is the service
sector, manufacturing, and many other jobs that do not require higher education. Since robots will replace these lower paying jobs that do not require
much skill, the quality of life will increase. One negative effect is that there are numerous people that hold these positions in the lower paying industry
that will lose

Aztec Standard Of Living
Personally based on the standard of living implied through the article I think I would ultimately be content under the conditions cited in the article, but
it would mean extensive focus on cotton textiles, farming, and producing craft goods to exchange in the market in order to acquire foreign goods with
the intention of bettering myself and striving to obtain some form of prosperity. Overall Smith gives us the impression that the Aztec provincial
commoners were relatively prosperous, productive, and enterprising people that held a high work ethic achieving what was necessary to sustain or
maintain their standard of living. In spite of an economic decline after conquest and incorporation into the Aztec Empire, commoners in both urban and
rural

Adequate Standard Of Living In Australia
Adequate Standard of Living: Local In the words of the Salvation Army themselves "few lives are untouched by the major social problems associated
with drugs, alcohol and gambling today" and that is never more true then when applied to the populace of our local area, the type of everyday people
that come from every different culture and religion on Earth, and are widely unique, that's why The Salvos provide in–area addiction support to the
people who need it most. From Penrith to Wollongong, the Salvation Army provides the support and faculties to help break from addiction in whatever
form it takes, and with these facilities, truly help restore a healthy wellbeing to people, and provide them with a clean life, one that can be jumpstarted
through these programs. It is in this way that the Salvation Army provides critical addiction support to the most vulnerable members of our society. State
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thankfully, the Salvos operate in this area in force, with financial counselling being a program that is especially prevalent in NSW. With the financial
counselling programs being in effect, thousands of NSW residents can be assisted when under dire financial stress, with hundreds of people being
able to recover to a safe financial position each week thanks to the Salvos. In conclusion, the Salvation Army has solid programs that they operate
within the state of NSW to ensure that and adequate standard of living, especially in regards to financial security is bestowed upon

Building Distribution Of Energy And Energy Distribution
up the process of sorting waste to ensure recyclable items and not mixed with non–recyclable objects.
Key Contributions: Helps keep cities clean which boosts the quality of life.
4.2.2. Power and Energy Distribution
Many cities are trying to adopt smart grids to efficiently manage distribution of energy. Currently the main source of energy is coal and fossil fuels.
Technological advances have not yet reached the stage where renewable sources of energy can sustain life globally. It has been estimated that by 2050,
the world 's fossil fuel might get completely depleted. Hence it is important to conserve energy and use it efficiently. Smart sensors can be installed in
offices and homes to make sure lights are switched off when no motion is detected in a room. Similarly, smart grids can analyze power consumption in
areas to detect anomalies in power usage.
Key Contributions: Maintains ecological balance and creates a sustainable ecosys–tem.
4.3. Standard of Living
IoT and CPS can have a huge impact in standard of living and improving quality of life. From fast emergency response to effective medical care, smart
cities can have a huge impact in affecting quality of life. 4.3.1. Quality of life
Google 's NEST is a prime example of embedded systems and CPS in home automation. These sensors include thermostats, smoke detectors and
security devices that are connected over a wireless network and can learn from surroundings to make changes in configurations based on the user 's

The Standard Of Living By Dorothy Parker
Romance is a Luxury: A Queer Analysis of "The Standard of Living" "The Standard of Living" is a short story by Dorothy Parker that is centered
around Annabel and Midge, coworkers and confidants. This short story is doubtlessly homosocial, but is also arguably coded as sociosexually queer.
The main homosociosexual coding in this story can be found in the absent men and the indifferent attitude toward them and in the association between
food and sex in literature that is featured in the opening paragraph of the story. Annabel and Midge play agame throughout the story that is based on
an imagined anonymous inheritance of a million dollars, this specification, according to Ross Labrie, an author and historian, "ensures that the
recipient can clear her life of the human attachments so that she can concentrate on the money" (Labrie). The catch, though, is that the will states,
"You must spend every nickel of the money on yourself" or the money will be lost (Parker 29). This game creates movement in the story. It is also a
form of wish fulfillment for Annabel and Midge. In this game, they are able to imagine a future of wealth, decadence, and each other. In literature,
names are indicative of importance. Culturally, names and naming are practically the cornerstones of society, literature is no different. The importance
of names and naming is in this story is heightened by the short length of it. In "The Standard of Living," not a single male character has a name. Usually,

Yemen: High Standard Of Living In The United States
Unfortunately, some countries aren't so lucky when it comes to their location and theresources that belong to them. Yemen is an important example
because they lack oil and are verysecluded. This country is struggling and faces one of the lowest per capita GNI's. They rely onsubsistence
agriculture and have high unemployment rates as well as growing violence. All ofthis leads to relatively low standards of living. However, being oil
poor does not mean that acountry's standards of living are low. For example, Israel lacks large oil reserves, so it can't bringin large sums of money
into the country from the oil market. However, they have becomeextremely agriculturally productive and have been a leader in telecommunication
products. Evenwithout oil, they are "one of the highest standards of living in the region". For Israel, they have abright future since they do not depend
on the oil market. However, the now prosperous oil richcountries with high standards of living might not have such high standards of living in the
future.For example, Iran is a very densely populated country that had large amounts of oil at a point intime. However, they faced some economic
turmoil by not trading, which has recently declinedtheir standard of living and caused the country to become very poor. Having oil doesn'tnecessarily
mean that a country will have a higher standard of living than another country who isnot a participant in the oil market.... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The countries that are rich in oil now face the problems offluctuating prices as well as depleting their reserves, so maybe one day the oil poor
countries'standards of living will surpass the oil dependent countries in Southwest Asia and North

The Economy's Growing and the Standard of Living in the...
During the 20th century economy has changed and international trade has been developped. It allowed to increase our standard of living. Therefore we
need to understand why countries have opened their boarder and what the impact is. To do that we need to understantd what the trade bring to us in
defining the comparative advantage. After that one important point is to understand which effect the technological change has on trade. Then the main
point that it's whether trade is benefical for everyone or leads to dangerous competitveness and why this behaviour can happen like protectionims and
which are the consequences.
First of all we need to define what the comparative advantage is. One obvious concept is that country's ressources can ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
So you will decide to produce the good for which you have the greater disadvantage. For example if you have sufficiently lower wage therefore you
have lower costs so it implies that you pay low enough wages to have a comparative advantage. So in the diagrame below you can see how change the
consumption point when a country decide to trade with foreign country.
So firstly you see that you produce both of goods and then you decide to specialize and produce more of good 2. After that you can export and import
the difference. That leads to a better consumption equilibrium that increases your satisfaction. Hence this rearrangement of the world ressources
induces to a raise of the production and induces to a raise in the standard of living.
Firstly as Thurow (Clyde, V. and Prestowitz, C. (1994)) said, the meaning of ressources has changed. In the traditional theory we have seen that the
natural resource endowments and the factor proportions determine in which good the country should specialise. Now he explains that it's not because
Japan has no coal and no iron ore that it can be the leader of steel industry. Therefore we see that the technology has had a very important effect on the
traditional theory. The natural ressources have been pushed out by the technology. Now we have to take into account that a country does not depend on
its traditional ressources but more its ability to adapt.
So

Gdp and the Standards of Living
Standards of living can be evaluated by the measure of GDP, level of inflation, net exports and fiscal balance. Evaluation by using the GDP as an
indicator would be relevant as it reflects the total national economic activity and the level of wealth of the society. GDP per capita is adjusted for
the size of the economy in terms differences in price levels and also population of the country. There are many factors that would affect the standard
of living in a country. Some that cannot be measured by the GDP and some that can be directly reflected by the GDP. GDP will be able to give us a
rough idea on how the standard of living is in a certain country. Living standards tend to move with GDP per capita, so we can assume that the changes
of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the end, economic statistics only measure what they measure, which may not bear much relation to how well off we are. Conclusively, standards
of living are to be improved by providing poor families access to what they can get or what they can use at that time to make life comfortable, healthy
and fruitful. At the end of the day, economic statistics can only show the significant figures of a country and only what they measure, but it may not be
of that much relation to how well off citizens are. Measuring economic welfares of countries by using economic statistics cannot fully measure the
economic welfare of a

How Will the New Technologies Aid the Environment and...
As technology advances you cant help but ask yourself the question that with a constantly developing world will how will the increase of new
technologies aid the environment and standard of living? It is very difficult to predict the approaching future but not impossible1. All of the predictions
made will be based off of trends in the environment and technology and the relationship they have to each other2. It will be an analysis of the impacts
of past technological developments, changes in consumer's choices, and the environmental regulations3. The developments in technology throughout
the world will come with some subsequent positive and negative impacts to the environment and human's standard of living. In some instances the
increase of peoples standard of living results in diminishing the environment. For example as the population exponential increases energy demand
will too, resulting in an extreme increase in Nitrous oxide emissions4. There is also a backside to the fluctuation of people's quality of life. As
technology advances machines will eventually replace humans from their jobs due to efficiency5. As unemployment increases people will be forced
to look for lower jobs with less income because the higher jobs will be more competitive and require more qualification. Several Scientific and
Technological Advancements are designed around enhancing the environment and life as a whole. Such as Renewable energy, GEO's, and possible
new technologies designed to repair the

Health And Social Care Case Study
My Recommendation for Frankie would be to continue treatment for a week to look for signs of improvement and then reassess the options again.
This option gives the family more time to decide how to precede with the situation. If Frankie regains conciseness with in the week then he may be
able to make the decision for himself depending on if he has decisional capacity. If he does not regain conciseness than Frankie's family should
consider the pros and cons of continuing treatment. When explaining this recommendation to Frankie's father, mother, and sister I would recommend
them carefully considering all the options and then coming to a mutual agreement. Disagreeing on a decision as big as Frankie's life can create
problems with in the family. It would be a good idea for the family to seek family consoling to help understand everyone's different opinion and the
reasons that they feel that is the best opinion. From the information giving it can be concluded that... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Due to the fact that they seem to have a good relationship by maintaining contract with their daughter, it can be concluded that the ex–wife might have
some helpful information. Another aspect that would be nice to know would be Frankie's quality of life in the future. His family should ask the doctors
if Frankie will be able to live independently or if he will always need care. Other information that would also be helpful would be how long this
treatment will extend his life for. If the treatment will only give him a few more months then the treatment might not be worth all the suffering. To
determine how much the insurance companies will pay for Frankie's medical treatment and care, the family should look up Frankie's health care plan.
His family needs to consider what long term recovery treatment can be provide to someone in Frankie's

Factors Lead To The Low Standard Of Living In Chad
In Chad, the majority of the population has a low standard of living, this is shown through their high levels of inequality, poor housing, low standard
of health, high infant mortality rate, high corruption, high levels of malnutrition, lack of overall education and high poverty levels. Its gdp per
capita (PPP), has relatively remained stagnant over the last four decades according to IMF world economic outlook data published in 2016. It shows
that Chad's share of worlds gdp (PPP) was approximately 0.02% in 1980's and is 0.03% in 2017. This stagnant growth in the standard of living in
Chad is momentous as it exemplifies that standard of living 35 years ago has remained constant and is roughly the same in present times. This is also
evident through its high poverty headcount, over half of the population is still living below the poverty line, meaning that the citizens of Chad cannot
afford adequate housing and vaccines and other basic necessities. All of these factors contribute to the low standard of living in Chad, which is a direct
result of Chad's lack of economic growth and development.
Whilst most underdeveloped nations have unemployment rates ranging from 10% to 20%. Chad has an even higher unemployment rate, at about
68.2% of the total labour force. This proportion seems to be lower in reality as its difficult to measure unemployment in an undeveloped economy as it
doesn't account for people working in family business or in farms. Substantial dependence on

What Were The Causes Of The Russian Revolution Essay...
Before the war.
Before the war, there were lots of problems
which led up to the revolution and we call them
the long term causes. The peasants working and
living conditions were very bad but the
government made it even worse by its own
policies. Russia needed to develop its industries,
so that it was a modern agricultural country
instead of a backward one and also to remain in
an important military power. To aid this dilemma
the government invested in enormous amounts of
money in improving Russia's industries. Where
did most of this money come from? From the
pockets of the people in Russia!

To do this, the peasants had to pay huge taxes
not only on grain but on nearly all everyday items
such as alcohol and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Politically, Russia was very unstable as the
people had lost a lot of respect for the
government and the Tzar. When the Tzar started
to use the Dumas people began to wonder
whether they would have any real power. By the
Dumas first meeting it was clear. They could not
pass laws, they could not appoint ministers and
they could not control finance in such important
areas as defence. Was there much point in them
if the Tzar did not like what they were doing or
proposing to do, he could dissolve them?? So, no.
In my opinion the peoples views were not being
heard through the Dumas. There are lots of
opinions as whether the Tzar was fit to rule
Russia. In my opinion, the Tzar was not fit to rule

Russia but this was by no means his own fault.
He was taught as a soldier and he was not taught
to act and behave like a king so it was his
statesmanship that was at fault, not him himself!!
The War.
The war did not only effect the army but the
people at home. Food was getting short, all the
male peasants had to be taken off to the army so
only women and invalids were left to tend the
farms, shops .etc. All the working trains were
being put to use for the war effort so food was
not getting through from other places. Nearly all
unnecessary factories in the cities were closed
so that furthed in another massive
unemployment. People were not getting coal and
wood to burn because the

Globalization and Higher Living Standards
Globalization is spawning a rise in living standards
The main focus in this article is to illustrate how globalization has improved the lives of many in developing nations. Globalization in of its self is
the trading of goods and services of a local economy into an integrated global economy. Technological advances have made this practice more feasible
with in the last 50 years. The major milestones were the development of the internet and increased transportation technology. These two advances made
the world coined "flat" and set the stage for higher living standards. Countries such as Asia and Latin America have really harnessed these technology
advances. They have been exporting their products and services on to the world wide ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Call centers in India increased the average salary of young adults by 3 times. India is largely Hindu however they have the 2nd largest Muslim
population in the world. Not one hi–jacker of 911 was from India. Could advanced Globalization by the cause? Giving developing countries an
opportunity in business not only cuts cost for the companies it demotes the corruption and violence accompanied with most poverty torn nations.
Globalization allows for countries and cultures to share its products and services to the rest of the world. As I walk thru my house I have products
from the entire globe. You no longer have to travel to remote locations to pick up unique items. Having products that I love from around the world
personally strengthens my standard of living. I feel as though im a part of something larger that just American culture or what I like to refer as
Californication. The thought of buying something from a foreign country, especially a developing nation brings a warm feeling inside my body
knowing I did a small part in helping globalize the world. The spread of cultures through globalization allows for a melting pot of products and
services. It allows us to connect with people from 1,000 of miles away and support economies from all over the globe. Globalization is not harming
poor countries. "Information technology and international investment will not rid the world of poverty. But technology and

Should Australia Have The Right To An Adequate Standard Of...
Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights embodies the right to an adequate standard of living. Although this doctrine was adopted in
1948, there is a significant amount of work to be done worldwide. Moreover, the absence of a right to housing would compromise many other basic
rights including the right to family life and privacy, freedom of movement, assembly and association, and the right to health.
The Commonwealth of Australia believes that everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living, including adequate food, water, and housing.
Australia acknowledges adequate housing as an essential for human survival as supported in documents such as Australia's National Human Rights
Action Plan. "Human rights provides us with a language and a framework that can help shift the debate from one of welfare and pity to one of rights
and empowerment." (Graeme Innes, former Human Rights Commissioner)
The standard of living in Australia is comparatively higher than the rest of the world. However, there is still a disparity among the citizens of Australia
regarding living standards. Though Aboriginal Australians only make up 3% of Australia's total population, Australia is still home to an... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The policy intends to address key issues that exist within Aboriginal communities of Australia's Northern Territory. Key issues include unemployment,
school attendance, alcohol abuse, community safety and child protection, food security and housing, and land reforms. The Australian Government
claims that consultations with Aboriginal communities of the Northern Territory helped construct the Stronger Futures. There is also a disparity in the
living standards of the Australian city dwellers and the rural dwellers and the urban population compiles of 89% of Australia's total

Should The United States Have A High Standard Of Living
The United States today is known as an industrialized nation. This means that we have a high standard of living. However, there are many countries
that do not have a high standard of living and they are called developing nations. Many things could keep them from becoming a developed nation such
as no international trade, lack of factories, and a lack of tariffs. High Standard nations have international trade. International trade would be the ones
who participate in importing and exporting goods. Without international trade a country may not have as high of a standard of living. Without
international trade a country is going to have to produce all of the good and serviced by itself. I would not be able to trade with another country for what

'The Standard of Living'
What is Dorothy Parker suggesting to readers regarding the values, dreams, and aspirations in today 's materialistic society? The story "Standard of
Living" makes some strong statements about the values of todays society. Annabel and Midge are obsessed with money. The girls spend countless
hours fantasizing about being millionaires and trying to emulate those that are. Their love of money is not only fueled by the materialistic products
they can buy with it, but by the envy they get from others that thing Annabel and Midge have money, and the power that comes with that envy.
The setting of Fifth Avenue in New York, NY, is a key element in the story. Fifth Avenue is not just lined with high priced stores, it 's world famous for
shopping; A ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Money allows people have whatever they want, whether it be a material item, or even a person. The tobacco industry is a great example. Tobacco
products kill hundreds of thousands of people every year. Not only is it a repeat business to begin with, but the product itself is heavily addictive, so
people give the company repeat business whether or not they really want to. The industry however

Essay on Living by Different Standards
Living by Different Standards
Who do these athletes think they are? Do they think they can kill, rape, rob, assault, steel, and use drugs simply because they make millions of dollars?
And do they think they can get away with these things? Why are today's sports stars nothing more than thugs and criminals?
QUIT ACTING SO HIGH AND MIGHTY, SO SELF
–RIGHTEOUS.
And no I'm not talking to those "over–paid, drug–addicted, criminally–inclined athletes." I'm talking to the public ? the critics and the so–called fans of
college and professional sports. The people that apparently have never done anything wrong in their entire lives. The people that throw the first stone
without guilt, like they're skipping it across some ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People believe that sports have been taken over by criminals, as though college and professional teams recruit out of the prison yards instead of the
schoolyards. And the NFL, or as the clever among us would say ? the National Felons League (how witty!), has taken the brunt of public criticism.
But there is no truth in the widely held belief that sport and crime go hand in hand. Little research and few studies have actually been done on the
prevalence of crime among athletes or the levels of crime in sport compared to the rest of society, but the public obviously doesn't need studies to
form an opinion (Coakley, 157). When you open a daily newspaper and have to wade threw the mucky headlines of rape and battery just to get to a
box score, it's no wonder people think that all athletes are criminals. Simply put, athletes live by different standards then everyone else. And it's unfair.
They're in the spotlight and for some reason this means they should do no wrong even though they're far from perfect just like everyone else. But being
imperfect seems to be unacceptable for an athlete.
This idea is partly the media's fault because they shine the lights on the athletes and in turn blind the public from the truth. As Michael Irving once said,
"'You guys write this and say this about players, and criticize us, but half the time your information is

Impact on Unemployment on Standard of Living
If unemployment rises in a country, will its standard of living necessarily decline? Unemployment refers to the condition and extent of joblessness
within an economy, and is measured in terms of the unemployment rate, which is the number of unemployed workers divided by the total civilian
labor force. If unemployment rises in a country it will affect the country's standard of living in a negative way, take Jamaican economy for example,
approximately 65% of the labour is unemployed, so if 65% of the population is not earning an income /income is not being generated then there is
going to be a fall out in the economy which will result in recession and also the GDP will decline. If unemployment continues to increase the standard of
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Frictional unemployment are individuals that are temporarily unemployed while transiting between jobs or just entering the labour market. This kind
is typically short in duration but always present in a market economy. Structural Unemployment whenever an economy undergoes basic structural
changes there is the possibility of some part of the labor force being thrown out of employment. The long term process of economic development and
growth gives rise to variety of structural changes. Considerable changes in productive activity from traditional agriculture to modern industry;
transformation of rural sectors into urban units; replacement of small scale and cottage industries by large scale manufacturing units; introduction of
electricity or other sources of commercial energy in place of manual and animal power are some examples of structural changes. The economy under
the process of structural changes is in the condition of transition. Some workers are likely to become jobless during the process of transition. Moreover,
the duration of such unemployment may also be fairly long depending upon the extent of corrective and restorative measures introduced to restrict the
period of unemployment. What are the policies which a government may adopt to reduce unemplyment Increased Government Expenditure The
Government can raise the level of its own spending. This "fiscal pump–priming" directly increases aggregate demand and can have a multiplier effect on

The Standard Of Living During The Industrial Revolution...

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