Museum Paper Rubric

Museum Paper Rubric
50 points
Rubric below is a chart form of the instructions on the Museum
Paper assignment sheet.
Category
Description
Points
First Step
10 points
Selfie with image (5)
5
Evocative, detailed description and comparisons (5)
3
Second Step
6 points
3 scholarly sources (6)
6
Third Step
26 points
Clear statement with individual analysis (10)
7
Selective and objective detail that supports statement (10)
8

Writing: flow, readability (6)
6
Format
8 points
Length 3-4 pages (3)
3
Illustration/image included at end (2)
2
Chicago style end note citations (3)
3
Total
50 points
Comments
Good research about Shiva and iconography. Your particular
thesis - your personal analysis - should be the core of the essay
rather than a historical overview, and the research content
would revolve around your thesis statement. For example, your
descriptions include descriptions of iconography showing his
power, so that could be a direction for your thesis statement.
Shiva is a Hindu deity, so it is unlikely that this would be
"Shiva Buddha" (since Buddha is part of Buddhism). To avoid
generalizations such as the third eye and red mark (page 2
middle) , it would be stronger to explain what that third eye
meant.

43
MATH 220 - CT Scan Project
(in class)
Directions This project is due Thursday April 26 at the
beginning of class. There are two
parts to this project - the first is an introduction to computed
tomography scan, or CT scan, and
works through a sample project while explaining how CT scan
images are produced. If there is
time, this will be worked through in class. The second part is an
individual project, in which you
are given the output of a two-dimensional CT scan and you are
to determine what the picture is.
For this project, we do not ask that you summarize the
statement of each problem, nor do
we want you to turn in this paper. Please turn in one sheet of
paper with the answers to each
question clearly written. Answer each question using complete
sentences. Answers that
simply indicate a single number, a single equation, etc, will be
given no credit. Although you may
work in groups or even as a class, your responses should be in
your own words. Any indication
of plagiarism, such as duplicate sentences, will be treated as a
violation of academic integrity,
resulting in a zero on this project and the dishonesty reported to
the Office of Academic Integrity.

This project will be worth 3% of your course grade. Technology
allowed. The data is given in a
file that assumes you are using MatLab.
CT Scan Project
The radiation x-ray was discovered by a German physicist,
Wilhelm Roentgen, who did not
know what it was, so he simply called it “X-radiation”. A single
x-ray passing through a body is
absorbed at rates depending upon the material it goes through.
Thus if an x-ray is passed through
bone, a certain amount of intensity units is absorbed, while if it
passes through soft material, a
different amount of intensity units is absorbed. A CT scan is a
scan in which an x-ray is passed
through an object (part of a body) from multiple angles (on the
order of 360), to produce a detailed,
high quality two-dimensional image. How does it work?
Consider Figure 1, consisting of a toy two-dimensional figure
consisting of 16 pixels. Each pixel
can absorb 1 intensity unit (i.u.) from the X-ray beams, or none.
Let’s assume the white boxes
are bone and absorb 1 i.u., and the black pixels absorb no i.u.’s
and represent e.g. soft tissue. Let
µ1 be the attenuation coefficient of element 1 (denoted by a 1
with a circle around it), µ2 be the
attenuation coefficient of element 2, ... µ16 be the attenuation
coefficient of element 16. Ideally,
each µ is either 0 or 1, indicating soft tissue or bone,
respectively. A beam from the x-ray can be
sent through the material at any location and from any direction,
but must start on the outside of
the material, and then the amount absorbed is measured where
the x-ray exits. The goal is to use

x-ray data to reconstruct this figure and determine the vector µ
in IR16.
We have 16 pixels so in order to determine the attenuation
coefficient of each pixel we need at
least 16 equations. Let’s assume we have 16 X-ray
measurements, denoted by arrows 1 through
16. Arrow 1 (first column down) would have 1 i.u. absorbed for
each white pixel, so the number
of i.u.’s coming out would be 4 (one for each white square). Of
course a real X-ray would not be
this simple, but this gives us an idea of how it works. So the
first equation says that if we pass
an X-ray through the first column, it goes through pixels 1, 5, 9,
and 13, and the number of i.u.’s
absorbed is 4. Our first equation is thus:
µ1 + µ5 + µ9 + µ13 = 4.
16
1 2
3 4
5
8
7
6
9

10
11
12
13 14 1516 17 18 19
20
21
22
1 3 4
5 7 8
9 10 12
13 14 15
Figure 1: sample system
Likewise for column 2 we would get the equation:
µ2 + µ6 + µ10 + µ14 = 2.
To solve for 16 unknowns we will need (at least) 16 equations.
We have 8 row and column mea-
surements so let’s also use the diagonal measurements 9-16.
Diagonal measurements 9 and 10 give
the equations
µ13 = 1

µ9 + µ14 = 2,
respectively. We thus have 16 equations and 16 unknowns
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 4
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 3
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 4
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 4
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 3
1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
.
1. Use the data in the file CTScan-Data.docx 1a for the matrix
A above and right-hand side, b.
(Note the prime at the end of the b vector - Look at the Matlab
commands at the end of the
worksheet to see why it is important to include the prime).
Solve the system (sample Matlab

commands are given at the end of this worksheet).
(a) What does Matlab say when you try to solve the system?
(b) Calculate the determinant and rank of A and write your
answers.
(c) We could try to eliminate an equation and adding an
equation until we got an invertible
matrix, but this is a lot of work. Instead we will try just adding
equations. Write the
17th equation using the 17th diagonal sum from Figure 1.
Augment your matrix and
right-hand side in your Matlab code.
(d) We cannot calculate the determinant and rank of this matrix,
why?
(e) Calculate the RREF of your modified A and write down how
many pivots you have.
(f) Continue adding equations until your RREF has 16 pivots
(which is equal to the number
of unknowns). Write down the additional equations you used.
How many total equations
did you need?
(g) Now solve the equation using least squares:
ATAµ = ATb
Solving it, you should get the exact solution. Write down your
values for µ1, µ4, µ6 and
µ16. Is this consistent with Figure 1? Explain.
2. So this seems easy - what is the catch? The problem with real

life, is that experiments are
never exact. So the right-hand side vector b given above may
have errors due to measurement.
Use the sample data in CTScan-Data.docx file, 2a for b. Note
that the right-hand side is close
to the right-hand side used in problem 1, but with up to 10%
error. Solve using least squares.
(a) Write down the values for µ1, µ6, µ11, and µ16.
(b) Looking at the value for µ16 it is not absolutely clear
whether this should be interpreted
as bone or soft tissue. So let us try using all of the equations!
Use the data given in
CTScan-Data.docx file, 2b. How many equations and how many
unknowns to we have?
(c) Solve the system using least squares. Write down the values
for µ1, µ6, µ11, and µ16.
(d) Compare with the values given using only 18 equations. Is it
better to use more equa-
tions?
3. Now it is time to do this on your own individual data. In this
case we have 18 pixels, see
Figure 2. The matrix associated with this system, consisting of
25 equations and 18 unknowns
is provided in CTScan-Data.docx file, Problem 3. As with the
sample problem, the “true”
solution is that each pixel is either white (µ = 1) or black (µ =
0). Your individual output
from the CT scan is provided in a separate file mailed to you.
What is the result of your
individual CT scan? The design is in black (µ = 0). It could be a
capital letter, a number, a

math symbol, or another design. The designs are oriented so
that either elements 13-18 are
on the bottom, or so that elements 1, 7, and 13 are at the
bottom. Write down the elements
that you believe are black and explain what it is.
24
1 2
3
3 4 5 621
4 5 6
7
8
9
7 8 9 10 11 12
181716151413
10
12
11
13 14
15

16 1718
19 20 21 22 23
25
Figure 2: System for Individual Part of Project
Possibly Helpful Matlab Commands
rank(A) Gives the rank of the square matrix A
A’ Gives the transpose of the matrix A, AT
A*b Multiplies matrix A and matrix b, Ab
det(A) Gives the determinant of A, det(A)
x=Ab Solves Ax = b using row reduction and stores the answer,
x, into the vector x.
Sample Data for Problem 1a
A =[1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]
b=[4 2 3 4 3 3 3 4 1 2 3 2 2 2 1 1]
Sample data for Problem 2a. Use your modified matrix A from
problem 1.
b=[4.05 2.1 2.9 3.95 2.9 3.05 3.1 3.95 1.1 1.95 3.1 1.9 1.95 2.1
1.05 0.95 1.1 1.95]
Sample data for Problem 2b.
A =[1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1]
b=[4.05 2.1 2.9 3.95 2.9 3.05 3.1 3.95 1.1 1.95 3.1 1.9 1.95 2.1

1.05 0.95 1.1 1.95 4.03 1.92 2.06 0.9]
Matrix A for individual Projects, problem 3.
A=[1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ]
JIANG

Prof. Ema Kubo Thomas
ARTHIS193-1147
Will Jiang
Museum Visit Paper
March, 21, 2018
The Hindu Deities Shiva
In the social setups of the world's vast cultures, artwork
constitutes a fundamental part of the majority of the cultures.
Each community in its capacity process its own artwork ranging
from the primitive forms to the complex ones still seen to date
that is, some artworks once seen can be used to describe a
particular group irrespective of where it is seen. In the Asian
context, the artwork has been influenced by various parameters
of social existence including religious beliefs as well as the
cultures of the individual communities making the Asian
continent. They include paintings, sculptures, and abstractions
from the originally done works. The Asian art is endowed with
various arts including Cambodian art, Thai art, Vietnam's art,
Nepalese art, Chinese art, Indian art among other various
arts.For this piece, the art of particular concern is the Indian art
which was mainly socially oriented as they formed important
aspects of the Hinduism deity.The art of particular concern is
the Shiva Buddha sculpture which formed part of the six
traditions within Hinduism. The piece also seeks to identify its
physical components, iconography and its general outlook.
The Shiva Buddha sculpture was an artwork done portraying the
general outlook of slaying demons with fiery characters. From
these characteristics, the Shiva is considered all powerful with
the ability to solve numerous life challenges. The fierce aspects
of Shiva also make it extraordinary which would make
foreigners shun away hence it identified solely with the Indian
community.
The Shiva art was composed of several iconographies of which
each had unique functions. It had a snake-like portrait tied
around its neck, this showed the ability of Shiva to regenerate

the blessings based on the ability of snakes to regenerate their
skin, it also had a crescent moon and a third eye which was put
on its forehead, this showed the powerful ability of Shiva to see
and experience things which ordinary human beings could not
access or do. He also had a weapon known as the Damaru, This
showed his ability to create and destroy at will. A river
considered to be sacred flows from the hair of the portrait. This
showed the ability of Shiva to promote the prosperity of the
lands1. The Shiva when looked also portrays a meditating facial
expression showing his versatility to deal with the numerous,
life challenges.Also; the Shiva had rosary beads which he
carried on his right hand showing the grace and good life
associated with him. Finally, the Shiva had a blueish throat
which was due to the sacred fluids which Shiva drank meant to
appease him when an occurrence considered destructive was
foreseen. All these iconographs majorly portrayed the
characteristics of Shiva as a god.
The Shiva Buddha sculpture has a long history since its
inception. It has existed long ago ever the existence of the
Indian race. Research on its inception is always majorly based
on speculations but available evidence shows that the Shiva
sculpture emerged as an amalgam of several deities which
existed several years back2. Local deities which were
representing and portraying different forms of worship began to
merge forming a god which was worshiped as Shiva. The Shiva
worship also became more widespread throughout the periods
through Shiva based writings, which stressed that Shiva, man
and spiritual mentality of man was one thing, became the norm
of operation in the Indian social platform. The Shiva worship
has advanced and has remained part of the Indian social system
up to date.
The Shiva was made from rock materials which were
articulately curved to portray the required attributes. An area
considered sacred is considered like a temple where the Shiva
would be housed, the Shiva is represented by lingam always put
in different forms.At some instance, the face of Shiva is seen

to be curved in a stone and some other instance the lingam is
made to stand tall with the representation of entire Shiva's body
in it. This just shows some of the major forms with which the
Shiva carvings could be made
The posture once made was put in the temple with an upright
standing posture where the worshippers could look directly into.
The Shiva was made with proportionality larger than the normal
humans, that is, it was enormous to show its powerful abilities.
Moreover, the region where the Shiva was placed was always
enclosed with some unique drapery which was mainly placed
during some special occasions.As a way of portraying
naturality, the Shiva is curved in a way to show a dancing
posture. These dancing styles are always some of the Indian
ways of operation hence depicting originality. Additionally, the
third eye shows originality in Indian culture as seen in the red
mark always seen on the forehead of the Indian people.
Finally, Shiva had similarities to “Vishnu” who was the life
preserver a function which is done on the Shiva portrait by
having a snake rolled on its neck to foster regeneration of
lives3.However, the Shiva had differences with the other
artworks in that it is considered a god on its own while the
other portraits are always enhancements to appease the gods
which are considered unseen. Additionally, the shiva on itself is
made up of a different artwork that is it is an amalgam while the
other artworks are always individually made.
In conclusion, The Shiva Buddha sculpture since its inception
into the Indian culture has played a fundamental role in their
social set up. He is considered to be a god of destruction who
would be appeased by making it drink some specially prepared
fluids. Additionally, the Shiva has different roles which are
depicted in its architecture, for example, the snake tied around
its neck to show the regeneration capability. It is also seen that
Shiva could be curved in into specific forms based on
requirement. Due to the modernizations, the Shiva is made
portable hence can be moved from one region to the next
depending on the religious requirement.

References
1 Kinney, Ann R., Marijke J. Klokke, Lydia Kieven, and Rio
Helmi. 2003. Worshiping Shiva and Buddha: the temple art of
East Java. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
2 Brown, Rebecca M., and Deborah S. Hutton. 2011. A
companion to Asian art and architecture. Chichester, West
Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
3 Low, Patrick Kim Cheng, and Balakrishnan Muniapan.
"Organisational development and the Hindu trinity: Brahma,
Vishnu and Shiva on leadership, culture and change."
International Journal of Indian culture and business
management 4, no. 5 (2011): 491-505.
ARTHS 193: History of Asian Art
Museum Response Paper 1 & 2
Museum & Exhibit Information
Asian Art Museum: http://www.asianart.org/

Tues-Sun 10am-5pm. $10 with student ID or Free First Sundays
(every month)
Berkeley Art Museum & Pacific Film Archive:
https://bampfa.org/
Sun, Wed, Thurs 11am-7pm / Fri, Sat 11am-9pm. $10 with
student ID or Free First Thursdays (every month)
Note: 1st visit must be to Asian Art Museum. 2nd visit can be
Berkeley Art Museum or Asian Art Museum.
PAPER 1
Subject: South or Southeast Asian Art
Museum: Asian Art Museum
PAPER 2
Subject: Chinese, Korean, or Japanese Art
Museum: Asian Art Museum or Berkeley Art Museum
Paper Instructions
In this visual analysis and response paper, please first get to
know the image. Study its iconography, visual form, and
expressive form thoroughly. Second, research the background of
the image, historical details, and physical history. Third, engage
critically with opinions you come across about the image, and
combine your visual analysis with research to form your own
opinion.
First: Select the image for study from one of the exhibits above.
Take a selfie with the image (or if photography is now allowed
in a specific exhibit, provide proof of visit with ticket and date
of purchase). Take note and study the statue or painting’s
materials, iconography, figural form, drapery, ornament, etc.
Your paper should incorporate a concise yet evocative
description of the piece in which you note, for instance, how the

figure is carved (materials, sculptural technique, etc), how the
sculptor rendered posture and proportion, how drapery is
described, the presence of naturalism or schematized pattern,
etc. Compare features of this image to others discussed in class
or covered in reading.
Second: Read and take notes on scholarly texts. Consider the
texts and reflect upon their descriptions and interpretations.
What do they say, what do they not say? Minimum 3 reputable
sources required. JSTOR through the library is an excellent
source for peer-reviewed articles. Do not use Wikipedia or
unreliable websites.
Third: Bring together your visual analysis and research to
develop your own statement about the piece – your
interpretation in the form of a clear thesis statement. Add to the
scholarly conversation with your own observations, and points
you decide are important to discuss about this particular icon or
painting.
Format
Length: 3-4 pages (double space, 12 point)
Illustrations: Include image of the piece at the end of your paper
(NOT in the body of your paper).
Citations: Provide precise and correct ENDNOTE (not footnote)
citations for all ideas, paraphrased language, or direct quotes
from research. You should employ the Chicago Manual of Style
(CMS) citation style.
Museum Paper Rubric Example
50 points
Rubric below is a chart form of the instructions on the Museum
Paper assignment sheet.

Category
Description
Points
First Step
10 points
Selfie with image (5)
Evocative, detailed description and comparisons (5)
Second Step
6 points
3 scholarly sources (6)
Third Step
26 points
Clear statement with individual analysis (10)
Selective and objective detail that supports statement (10)
Writing: flow, readability (6)
Format
8 points

Length 3-4 pages (3)
Illustration/image included at end (2)
Chicago style end note citations (3)
Total
50 points
Comments

Museum Paper Rubric

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