3. To describe the characteristics,
strengths, weaknesses, and
kinds of quantitative research
Learning Objective
4. Knowledge of the characteristics,
strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of
quantitative research
Key Understanding
What are the characteristics,
strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of
quantitative research?
Key Question
5. Quantitative Research - is a way of making
any phenomenon or any sensory experience
clearer or more meaningful by gathering and
examining facts and information about such
person, thing, place, or event appealing to
your senses. It involves measurements and
amounts and seeks to find answers to
questions starting with how many, how
much, how long, to what extent, and the like.
6. Quantitative research uses numbers and
figures to denote a particular thing.
Quantitative research requires you to
focus your full attention on the object of
your study.
Characteristics of Quantitative
Research
7. Quantitative research is described as
objective research. Characterized by
objectiveness, only the real or factual, not
the emotional or cognitive existence of the
object, matters greatly to the artist.
Characteristics of Quantitative
Research
8. Quantitative research is analogous to
scientific or experimental thinking. In this
case, you just do not identify problems but
theorize, hypothesize, analyze, infer, and
create as well.
Characteristics of Quantitative
Research
9. Quantitative research usually happens in
hard sciences like physics, chemistry,
biology, and medicine; unlike qualitative
research, which happens in soft sciences
such as humanities, social sciences,
education, and psychology, among others.
Characteristics of Quantitative
Research
10. Strengths and Weaknesses
Standards Quantitative
Mental survey of
reality
Exists in the physical
world
Cause-effect
relationships
Revealed by automatic
descriptions of
circumstances or
conditions
Researcher’s
involvement with the
object/subject of the
study
Objective; least
involvement by the
researcher
11. Strengths and Weaknesses
Standards Quantitative
Expression of data,
data analysis and
findings
Numerals, statistics
Research plan All research aspects are
planned before data
collection
Behavior toward
research aspects/
conditions
Control or manipulation of
research conditions by the
researcher
Obtaining
knowledge
Scientific method
12. Strengths and Weaknesses
Standards Quantitative
Purpose Evaluates objective and
examines cause-effect
relationships
Data-analysis
technique
Mathematically-based
methods
Style of expression Impersonal, scientific or
systematic
Sampling technique Random sampling as
the most preferred
13. 1. Experimental (laboratory/Field)
True experimental,quasi-experimental
( adopts comparative technique in choosing
subjects), single subject, and pre-
experimental.
• 1st - give a pre-test to examine the initial
condition of both groups in relation to a variable,
condition, or factor
• 2nd - apply to the control group a new condition
• 3rd- give the latter group a post-test to determine
the effects or influence of the treatment or
condition applied on them.
Kinds of Quantitative Research
14. 1. Experimental
Quasi-experimental comes in several
types such as matched comparative
group, time series, and counterbalanced
quasi-experimental.
Kinds of Quantitative Research
15. Types of quasi-experimental research
1. matched comparison – choosing a treatment
group and another group that has similarities
with the treatment group
2. time-series quasi-experimental research –
giving them series of pre-tests and post-tests
3. single-subject quasi-experimental research –
controls treatment and condition applied to just
one individual or a group
Kinds of Quantitative Research
16. 2. Non-Experimental
It is incapable of establishing cause-effect
relationships; by itself, it is able, if it takes
place in conjunction with other experimental
and quasi-experimental research methods.
Kinds of Quantitative Research
17. 2. Non-Experimental
It involves various ways of data analysis:
Primary – analysis of data collected by the
researcher himself/herself
Secondary – examination of data collected
by other people
Meta-analysis – analysis of data expressed
numerically
Kinds of Quantitative Research
18. 2. Non-Experimental
It uses research method that is applicable to
both quantitative and qualitative data.
It collects data through survey, observation,
historical studies, case studies, documentary
analysis, and so on. (Suter, 2012;
Sarantakos, 2013)
Kinds of Quantitative Research
Tell the students that at the end of the lesson, they need to be able to understand the characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative research. Moreover, at the end of the lesson they should be able to answer the key question. Go back to the key understanding and key question before the lesson ends.
Definition of Quantitative Research
Expressions like numerical forms, objective thinking, statistical methods, and measurement signal the existence of quantitative research. One word that reflects the true nature of this type of research is numerical. This term, numerical, is a descriptive word pertaining to or denoting a number or symbol to express how many, how much, or what rank things are or have in this world. Expressing meaning through numerals or a set of symbols indicates specificity, particularity, or exactness of something. Quantitative research makes you focus your mind on specific things by means of statistics that involve collection and study of numerical data.
Explain further to your students that in doing this, they tend to exclude their own thoughts and feelings about the subject or object. This is why quantitative research is described as objective research in contrast to qualitative research that is subjective.
Tell the students that quantitative research is of two kinds: experimental and non-experimental. Each of these has sub-types. Falling under experimental are these specific types.
Explain further that in conducting an experimental research, first, give a pre-test to examine the initial condition of both groups in relation to a variable, condition, or factor; second, apply to the control group a new condition; and third, give the latter group a post-test to determine the effects or influence of the treatment or condition applied on them.
Usually, participants chosen in a quasi-experimental research are those forming a class that remains as one group incapable of disintegration. The randomly chosen participants are subjected to any of these types of quasi-experimental research (Muijs 2011)
In which field of knowledge does a true experimental research usually take place? People in hard sciences (Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Pharmacy, and the like) love to do this kind of research; those in soft sciences (Psychology, Sociology, Humanities, Literature, Education, and other subjects falling under Social Sciences) usually do quasi-experimental research. (Gray 2012; Laursen et al. 2010))
Non-experimental research, on the other hand, has these sub-types.