Data Communication - Introduction to Computing Applications ( CSI-321)

1. Introduction to Computing
Applications
Topic
Data Communication

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Types of data transmission
1. Parallel Transmission
2. Serial Transmission
Parallel Transmission
A method of transmission in which groups of bits are sent at the same time over multiple wires
is called parallel transmission. It is usually unidirectional. Each bit is transmitted over a separate
line.
The internal transfer of data in a computer uses a parallel mode. The data transmission
between computer and printer is done using parallel transmission. Parallel transmission is faster
because all bits are sent at the same time.

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Types of data transmission
Serial Transmission
A method of transmission in which data is sent one bit at a time is called serial transmission. The
character bits are sent sequentially. Serial transmission is slower than parallel transmission as
data is sent sequentially one bit at a time.
Telephone lines use this method of data transmission. Each indfridual bit of information travels
along its own communication path.

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Asynchronous and Synchronous transmission
Two types of data transmission are as follows:
1. Asynchronous transmission
2. Synchronous transmission
1. Asynchronous Transmission
In asynchronous transmission, data is transmitted character by character. There are irregular gaps between
characters in this transmission. It is cheaper to implement because data is not saved before it is sent. It uses a
special start signal.
The signal is transmitted at the beginning of each message. The start signal- is sent when the character is about
to be transmitted. A start bit has a value of 0. It is called space state.
The value of 0 indicates that a character is about to be transferred. It alerts the receiver and it gets ready to
receive the character. If start bit has a value 1, it indicates that the line is idle. It is also called mark state.

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Asynchronous and Synchronous transmission
1. Synchronous Transmission
In the synchronous mode, the saved data is transmitted block by block. Each block may consist of many
characters. It uses a clock to control the timing of bits being sent A large amount of information can be
transmitted at a single time with this type of transmission.
Synchronous transmission is much faster than asynchronous because there is no gap between characters. This
transmission is suited for remote communication between a computer and related devices like printers etc.

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Bandwidth, Baseband and Broadband
Bandwidth
The amount of data that can be transferred through a communication medium in a unit of time is called
bandwidth. The bandwidth of digital signal is measured in bits per second or Bytes per second. The bandwidth
of analog signals is measured in cycles/seconds or Hertz.
Baseband
Baseband is a communications technique in which digital signals are placed on the transmission line without
change in modulation. It means that digital signals are directly transmitted over transmission line. It transmits
only one signal at a time.
Broadband
Broadband is a technique to transmit large amounts of data such as voice and video over long distance. It can
send data by modulating each signal onto a different frequency. It transmits several streams of data at the
same time using FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing) technique. FDM divides the bandwidth of a
communication line into smaller frequency bandwidths. Each part of the communication line can be used lot
transmitting data separately. Broadband is faster than Base band.

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Modem
Modem stands for modulation and demodulation.
Modem is a device that converts digital signal into analog and analog signal into digital. Modem sends and
receives data from one computer to another throUgh telephone lines. The sending and receiving computers
both must have modems.
The process of converting digital signal into analog signal is called modulation. Computer stores data in digital
form. Since a modem transmits data using telephone line, so it is converted from digital to analog form.
The process of converting analog signal into digital signal is called demodulation. The modem on receiving
computer receives data in analog form. The incoming analog data is converted back into digital format to be
used by computer.

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Modem
Features of Modem
Some important features of modem are as follows:
• Speed: Speed is the rate at which the modem can send data in bps. Typically modem speeds are 300 bps to
56k bps.
• Self-Testing: Modem can test the digital connection with computer. It can also test analog connection with
remote modem.
• Voice over Data: Modem provides the facility of voice conversation while data is being transmitted. Both the
source and destination modems should have this feature.
• Error Control: Modems use different methods to control errors for transmitted data. tands for modulation
and demodulation.

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Types of Modem
Types of Modem
1. External Modem
External modem is attached to the system unit as an external device through telepho:,e line. It is connected to
the telephone wall jack by another cable. External modem is connect. d to computer using serial cable to COW
or COM2 port. It requires external power supply. It is easy to setup. External modem is expensive.

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Types of Modem
Types of Modem
2. Internal Modem
Internal modem is a circuit board that is inserted into an expansion slot on the motherboard. Internal modem
cannot be moved from one computer to another easily. It is difficult to setup than other types of modem. It is
less expensive than external modem.

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Types of Modem
Types of Modem
3. Wireless Modem
Wireless modem transmits the data signals through air instead of cable. It is also known as radio-frequency
modem. It is designed to work with cellular technology and wireless local area networks.

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Home Task
Q. What is communication media used in computer networks? What are different types of communication
media?
Note:
Type : Handwritten
Submission via : Email

13. Thanks