NameDateSection Studying the GospelsPassage Luke 10.docx

Name:
Date:
Section:
Studying the Gospels
Passage: Luke 10:38-42
Instructions:
For this assignment, you will be studying a story from the
Gospels. More specifically, you will be studying Jesus
encounter with Mary and Martha in Luke 10:38-42. You will
use the template below in order to complete a study of this
passage. In your study, you will use the skills of Observation,
Interpretation, Correlation, and Application that you have
become familiar with through your reading in Everyday Bible
Study.
I. Observation
A. I have read Luke 10:38-42 in both a formal translation
(KJV, NKJV, NASB, ESV, or CSB)
and a functional translation (NIV, NLT, or NCV). Highlight the
correct answer. You will find a copy of the NASB, ESV, CSB,
and NLT in your myWSB Library.
· Yes
· No
B. Identify the basic elements of the story you are studying
1. Main characters: (List them)

2. Plot: (50-100 words)
3. Story structure: (50-100 words)
C. List basic observations about this passage using the “Key
Question” for observation.
Remember to consult the list of items from the observation
section in studying the Gospels in Chapter 36. This will help
you be more detailed in your answers to “who,” “what,”
“where,” “when,” “why,” and “how.”
1. Who:
2. What:

3. Where:
4. When:
5. Why:
6. How:
II. Interpretation
A. Determine the author’s main point. In 1-2 paragraphs (100-
400 words) explain what you
think the author is trying to communicate in this passage.
Remember to take into consideration that this passage includes
a conversation that Jesus has with Martha. Thus, this passage is

both showing and telling us something.
B. Based on your answer above, write out one principle from
this passage. You should be able
to express this principle in 1-3 sentences.
III. Correlation
A. How does this passage from Luke’s Gospel fit within the
metanarrative of the Bible? State
what type of story you believe this to be (creation, fall,
redemption, or new creation) and explain why you believe this
to be so. Your explanation should be 1 paragraph (100-200
words) in length.

B. How does your principle from Luke 10:38-42 fit with the rest
of the Scripture? This
principle is the one you have written out in 1-3 sentences in the
Interpretation section. If your principle is a true Biblical
principle it will be reflected throughout the Scriptures. Where is
the principle discovered in this New Testament narrative found
elsewhere in the Scriptures? Your explanation should be 1
paragraph (100-200 words) in length.
C. How does this passage from Luke’s Gospel reflect the
person and work of Jesus Christ?
State and explain at least one way that the principle of this
passage identifies something of the person and work of Jesus
Christ. Your explanation should be 1 paragraph (100-200
words) in length.

IV. Application
What points of application can be made using the Four
Questions for Application? State and explain 1 point of
application for each of these four questions. Your explanation
for each of these points should be 1 paragraph (100-200 words)
in length.
A. The question of duty
B. The question of character
C. The question of goals
D. The question of discernment

Terry Koons
Hallucinogens, Depressants
and Opiates
Hallucinogens
LSD
PCP
Ketamine
Mushrooms

Hallucinogens
Drugs that cause changes in a persons perceptions: see images,
hear sounds, feel sensations, all seem real, but don’t exist.
History of Hallucinogens
The Native American church
-The American Indian Religious Freedom Act of
1978
Timothy Leary and the League of Spiritual Discovery
- The Psychedelic Experience
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9x17JcCwyY4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TN2Dw94VIkE

Traditional Hallucinogens: LSD Types of Agents
LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), mescaline, psilocybin,
dimethyltryptamine (DMT), and myristicin
These drugs cause predominantly psychedelic effects
2013 229,000 age 12 and older had used in the last month
SAMHSA
2019 HCS Survey 5% of OU students had used LSD at least
once in the last 30 days

LSD
Usually felt within 30-90 minutes after ingestion and lasting 6-
12 hours
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPgpYux8HJQ
Traditional Hallucinogens: LSD Type of Agents
About half of the substance is cleared from the body within 3
hours, and more than 90% is excreted within 24 hours
Effects of this hallucinogen can last 2-12 hours
Tolerance to the effects of LSD develops very quickly
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqQzsMz_hD4

LSD: Emotional and Sensory Effects
Rapidly shifting emotions from fear to euphoria
Hear or feel colors and see sounds
LSD can trigger underlying mental problems and produce
delusions, paranoia and schizophrenia-like syndrome
Distortion or transformation of shape and time.
Bad trips
Terrifying thoughts and nightmarish feelings of anxiety and
despair, fears of insanity, death or losing control.
LSD: Physical Effects
Increase in blood pressure
Increase in heart rate
Dizziness
Loss of appetite
Dry mouth
Sweating
Nausea
Numbness
Tremors

LSD: Long Term Effects
Persistent Psychosis
-Distortion or disorganization of a person’s capacity to
recognize reality, think rationally or communicate with others.
Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (Flashback)
-Spontaneous, repeated, sometimes continuous recurrences of
some of the sensory distortions originally produced by LSD.
LSD: Addiction and Tolerance
Addiction
No evidence
Tolerance
Quickly developed
Cross tolerance to other

Hallucinogens
LSD: What to do for a bad trip
Stay calm. If you are scared, the tripper will know it—and feel
even more panicky
Be supportive. Define reality. Remind the person that they’re
experiencing drug effects that will go away.
Use distractions. LSD users are distractible, so help focus their
attention on something more pleasant.
Change the setting. Sometimes, simple changes in setting--
dimming lights or turning down music, for instance--is all it
takes to calm an anxious, prospective acid casualty.
Other LSD Types of Agents

Mescaline (Peyote)
-Mescaline is the most active drug in peyote; it induces
intensified perception of colors and euphoria
-Effects include dilation of pupils, increase in body
temperature, anxiety, visual hallucinations, and alteration of
body image, vomiting, muscular relaxation; very high doses
may cause death
-Street samples are rarely authentic
Mushrooms
A mushroom “trip” tends to last for about four to five hours.
Effects similar to those of LSD.
Used by many indigenous Cultures to induce altered states of
consciousness during religious rituals.
2019 HCS survey 5% of OU students had used shrooms at least
once in the last 30 days.

Mushrooms
Low doses
Feelings of relaxation, not dissimilar to those of cannabis
Laughing a lot and finding things funnier than they would
normally
High doses
The experience is closer to that of LSD, intensified colors and
producing visual hallucinations and feeling of euphoria
Mushrooms: Adverse Effects
Misidentification. Some mushrooms are poisonous and cause
stomach pains, vomiting, diarrhea and even death.
Some users report getting sick even after ingesting real
psilocybin varieties.
Impair judgment.
Can trigger underlying mental disorders and cause
schizophrenic-type symptoms.
“Bad trips,” which can include confusion, anxiety and panic. In
rare instances, users can experience recurring episodes of
anxiety and panic (flashbacks) days, weeks, or even months
after a bad trip.

Mushrooms
Addiction
No evidence
Occurs when the user seeks out and takes the drug compulsively
Tolerance
The user needs larger doses of the drug to get the same desired
results
PCP Phencyclidine

PCP
Developed as a surgical anesthetic with sedative and anesthetic
effects that produce trance-like, out of body, detached from
their environment, unpredictable effects.
Phencyclidine, illegal in 1978/Schedule II drug
Usually felt minutes after ingestion and last several hours
Street Names: Angel Dust, Hog, Dippers, Ozone & Rocket
Fuel
2013 6 million age 12 and older had used in the their lifetime
SAMHSA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QjJSjU9EDUI

PCP: Low Dose Effects
Shallow, rapid breathing
Increased blood pressure and heart rate
Elevated temperature
Distortion of space, time and body image
Exaggerated strength
Hallucinations
Panic
Fear
Invulnerability
Severely disoriented
Violent
Suicidal
PCP: Higher Dose Effects
Changes in blood pressure, heart rate and respiration
Nausea
Blurred vision
Dizziness
Decreased awareness of pain
Muscle contractions

PCP: Very High Doses
Convulsions
Coma
Hyperthermia
Death
PCP: Addiction and Tolerance
Addiction
Memory loss and depression may continue for up to a year after
stopping
Tolerance
results

Ketamine
Human and animal anesthetic
White powder that can be smoked, snorted or injected
Street Names:
Special K, K, Cat and Vitamin K
Effects:
Out of body experience, loss of muscle coordination
Depression, amnesia and breathing problems
Depressants
GHB
Benzodiazepine
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dAPFdcMUXO4

GHB
Human growth stimulants for body building
Usually a clear, odorless liquid
Popular recreation use due to what has been described as a
pleasant alcohol-like high without the hangover.
Can be transported in water bottles or eye droppers and slipped
into drinks or taken by the capful.
GHB
It is classified as a sedative-hypnotic, and originally developed
as a sleep-aid.
Lower doses- euphoric effects similar to alcohol, relaxed, happy
and sociable.
Higher doses- dizzy and sleepy, and can sometimes cause
vomiting, muscle spasms, and loss of consciousness.
Overdose- loss of consciousness(temporary coma), and slows
down breathing.
Sometimes, and particularly if mixed with alcohol, GHB can
slow breathing down to a dangerously low rate, which had

caused a number of deaths.
GHB: Effects
Usually felt within 15 minutes and last anywhere from 1-2 ½
hours with after effects lasting 2-4 hours.
Water soluble and is metabolized and out of the body within 4-6
hours
GHB: Effects
Intoxication (similar to 4-6 drinks)
Increased energy
Happiness
Talkative
Difficulty concentrating
Possible nausea

Feeling of affection or playfulness
Mild disinhibition
Sensuality
Enhanced Sexual experience
Loss of gag reflex
GHB: Large Doses
Disinhibition
Sedation
Desire to sleep
Rambling incoherent speech
Giddiness
Silliness
Difficulty thinking
Slurred speech
Passing out( if lose consciousness, always seek medical
attention)
Death

GHB: Adverse Doses
Nausea
Headaches
Drowsiness
Dizziness
Amnesia (lead to SA)
Vomiting
Loss of muscle control
Respiratory problems
Loss of consciousness
Being conscious but unable to move especially when combined
with other drugs.
GHB: Addiction and Tolerance
Addiction
Similar to alcohol and withdrawal

Can be life threatening
Tolerance
results
GHB: Legislation
October 1996: “Drug-Induced Rape Prevention and Punishment
Act” was passed. Increased federal penalties for use of any
controlled substance to aid in sexual assault.
February 18, 2000: Hillory J. Farias and Samantha Reid Date-
Rape prohibition Act was signed by President Clinton. Made
GHB a Schedule I drug, MDMA is Schedule I, Rohypnol is
Schedule IV, and Ketamine is Schedule III.

Rohypnol/Valium/Xanax
Brand name benzodiazepine about ten times stronger then
valium.
Usually felt within 20-30 minutes after ingestion, peaking at 2
hours, lasting up to 8 hours of more and remaining in the system
for up to 20 hours.
Dropped into the drink and dissolves. ROCHE laboratories has
made adjustments so that light drinks will turn blue and dark
drinks will turn murky.
2019 10% of OU students had used a Benzo in the last 30 days
Benzo: Effects
Drowsiness
Confusion
Impaired motor skills
Dizziness
Disorientation
Memory impairment
Drowsiness
Impaired judgment
Reduced levels of consciousness
Slurred speech
Difficulty walking

Rendered unconscious
Headaches
Benzo: Overdose
Following overdose with oral benzodiazepines
vomiting should be induced (within one hour) if the patient is
conscious
Gastric lavage undertaken with the airway protected if the
patient is unconscious
Beyond one hour
Activated charcoal should be given to reduce absorption
Respiratory and cardiovascular function should be monitored as
they may evidence depression
Central nervous system depression may manifest in degrees
ranging from drowsiness, mental confusion, lethargy, to coma
and death. Flunitrazepam overdose alone is unlikely to be
lethal, but in combination with alcohol, death is considerably
more likely.

Benzo: Addiction and Tolerance
•Ohio Deaths involving benzodiazepines were 10.4% or 506 in
2017
Addiction
Occurs when the user seeks out and takes the drug
compulsively.
Tolerance
results.
What are Narcotics?
The term narcotic currently refers to naturally occurring
substances derived from the opium poppy and their synthetic
substitutes.
These drugs referred to as the opioid (or opiate) narcotics
because of their association with opium.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XNjamSKsVP0&list=PLA77

65EA82892D70B
What are Narcotics? (cont.)
The opioid narcotics possess abuse potential, but they also have
important clinical value (analgesic, antitussive).
The term narcotic has been used to label many substances, from
opium to marijuana to cocaine.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kKDoJpWzwjQ
Pharmacological Effects
The most common clinical use of the opioid narcotics is an
analgesics to relieve pain.
The opioid narcotics relieve pain by activating the same group
of receptors that are controlled by the endogenous substances
called endorphins.

Activation of opioid receptors block the transmission of pain
through the spinal cord or brain stem.
Pharmacological Effects (cont.)
Morphine is particularly potent pain reliever and often is used
as the analgesic standard by which other narcotics are
compared.
With continued use. Tolerance develops to the analgesic effects
of morphine and other narcotics.
Physicians frequently under prescribe narcotics, for fear of
causing narcotic addiction.
Pharmacological Effects (cont.)
The principal side effects of the opioid narcotics, besides their
abuse potential, include:
Drowsiness, mental clouding

Respiratory depression
Nausea, vomiting and constipation
Inability to urinate
Drop in blood pressure
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C6g5ODWUyaA
Ohio
Rx Opiate Painkillers
Morphine Methadone
Fentanyl Oxycodone
OxyContin Hydromorphone
Codeine Hydrocodone

2019 AOD survey 13% of OU students had used (opiate
painkillers) not prescribed to them.
8% reported taking while drinking alcohol
Narcotic-Related Drugs
Dextromethorphan (OTC antitussive)
Clonidine (relieves some of the opioid withdrawal sympotms)
Naloxone/Naltrexone (narcotic antagonist; used for narcotic
overdoses)
National Rx Abuse
Drug treatment admissions for prescription painkillers increased

more than 300 percent from 1995 to 2005
Every day, 2500 kids age 12 to 17 try a painkiller for the first
time
Opioid analgesic ER visits increased 117% over the last decade,
and the death rate surpassed that of heroin and cocaine
There are as many new abusers age 12 to 17 of prescription
drugs as there are of marijuana
1 in 5 teens say they have taken a prescription drug without
having a prescription for it themselves
Rx Abuse
What are the possible legal consequences of obtaining or
providing prescription drugs to others?
Ohio Revised Code-Chapter 2925.11- Possession of Controlled
Substances (w/o a legal prescription):
FELONY OF THE FIFTH DEGREE
A violation including a schedule I or II class drug such as
Adderall or Ritalin is a prison term of up to 12 months and a
fine of up to $2,500
A violation including a schedule III, IV, V class drug such as
Vicodin (III), Xanax, Valium, or OxyContin (II) will result in a
misdemeanor of the 1st degree, prison term of up to 180 days

and a fine up to $1,000
Heroin Abuse
Heroin is classified as a Schedule I drug.
Heroin is the most widely abused illegal drug in European and
Far Easter countries.
Greater purity leads users to administer heroin in less efficient
ways
Many youths believe that heroin can be used safely if it is not
injected
The volume of heroin imported into the U.S has doubled since
the 1980’s
Patterns of Heroin Abuse
Emergency room visits due to narcotic overdoses have increased

significantly since 2000.
2019 AOD survey 0.21% of OU students had used at least once
in the last 30 days.
In Ohio 86% of overdose deaths are related to opioids.
Deaths related to opioids in Ohio, 2017-
Fentanyl 70.7% 3,432
Heroin 20.3% 987
Rx opioids 10.8% 523
Ohio Dept. of Health
Methods of Administration
Sniffing the powder
Injecting it into a muscle (intramuscular)
Smoking
Mainlining (intravenous injection)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3RvyDHhGLs0

Heroin: Short Term Effects
-“Rush,” warm flushing of skin, dry mouth and heavy
feeling in extremities.
-Nausea
-Vomiting
-Severe itching
-Clouded mental functioning
-Cardiac function slow
-Breathing slows sometimes to point of death
Heroin: Long Term Effects
Addiction
HIV, Hepatitis B and/or C
Collapsed veins
Bacterial infections
Abscesses (boils)

Infection of heart lining and valves
Arthritis and other rheumatoid problems
Heroin: Addiction and Tolerance
Addiction
High
Occurs when the user seeks out and takes the drug
compulsively.
Tolerance
results.
Stages of Dependence
Initially, the effects of heroin are often unpleasant.
Euphoria gradually overcomes the aversive effects.
The positive feelings increase with narcotic use, leading to

psychological dependence.
Stages of Dependence (cont.)
After psychological dependence, physical dependence occurs
with daily use over a 2-week period.
If the user stops taking the drug after physical dependence has
developed, severe withdraw symptoms result.
Withdrawal Symptoms
After the effects of heroin wear off, the addict has only a few
hours in which to find the next dose before sever withdrawal
symptoms begin.
A single “shot” of heroin lasts 4-6 hours
Withdrawal symptoms –runny nose, tears, minor stomach

cramps, loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps,
chills, fever, aching bones, muscle spasms
Heroin Dependence Drugs “Antagonist”
Buperenorphin (subutex)
Methadone
Suboxone
Vivitrol, once a month
Naloxone-for overdose
Narcan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T54LIrCND5I

Heroin Addicts and AIDS
Over 50% of IV heroin users have been exposed to the AIDS
virus
Fear of contracting HIV from IV heroin use has contributed to
the increase in smoking or snorting heroin
Many who start by smoking or snorting progress to IV
administration due to its more intense effects
Risk Reduction
Needle exchange
Athens County-City Health Dept.
Safe injection sites
STI-HIV Testing
Hepatitis A and B testing
Prep
Latex use
Treatment/Recovery

Heroin and Crime
Factors related to crime
Pharmacological effects encourage antisocial behavior that is
crime-related
Heroin diminishes inhibition
Addicts are self-centered, impulsive and governed by need
Cost addiction
Similar personality of criminal and addict
Substance Use Disorder Treatment
Drug addiction is a complex illness characterized by intense
and, at times, uncontrollable drug craving, along with
compulsive drug seeking and use that persist even in the face of
devastating consequences.
Too often, addiction goes untreated:
In 2017, an estimated 20.7 million people age 12 and older
needed treatment for a substance use disorder. Only 4 million
people received treatment, or about 19% of those who needed it.
In 2017, of the more than 18 million people who needed but did
not receive treatment for substance use, only 1 million, or 5.7%,
of those people felt they needed treatment.
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) has more than 120,000 groups in

more than 175 countries around the world, with more than 2
million members.
There are over 14,500 specialized substance abuse treatment
facilities in the United States providing a variety of care
options, including counseling, behavioral therapy, medication,
case management, and other forms of care.
Principles of Effective Treatment
Scientific research since the mid–1970s show key principles
that should form the basis of any effective treatment programs:
No single treatment is appropriate for everyone.
Treatment needs to be readily available.
Effective treatment attends to multiple needs of the individual,
not just his or her drug abuse.
Remaining in treatment for an adequate period of time is
critical.

Stimulants
Why do we need them?
How are they socially acceptable?
Reasons Why People UseExperimentation/study aid
(students)Appetite suppressant/weight control4% of OU
students have used cocaine at least once in the last 30 days
0.42 Crack63% had used Ritalin type medications for non-
medical reasons 18% to increase academic performance
2019 Healthy Campus Survey

StimulantsMajor and Minor Stimulants
All major stimulants cause increased alertness, excitation, and
euphoria; thus these drugs are referred to as “uppers.”
AmphetaminesCause dependence due to their euphoric
properties and ability to eliminate fatigue.Can be legally
prescribed by physicians.Abuse occurs in people who acquire
their drugs by both legitimate and illicit ways.
Approved Uses of AmphetaminesNarcolepsy Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Tell your doctor if…….you or
your child have any heart problems, heart defects, high blood
pressure, or a family history of these problems.you or your
child have, or about a family history of suicide, bipolar illness,
or depression
Side Effects AbuseCardiovascular toxicitiesIncreased heart
rateElevated blood pressureDamage to blood vessels
Minor StimulantsCaffeine is the most frequently consumed
stimulant in the world.It is classified as a
methylxanthine It is found in a number
of beveragesAlso found in some OTC
medicines and chocolateAmericans consume 400 million cups of
coffee per day. 75% of caffeine consumed is coffee.

Caffeine Content of Beverages
and ChocolateBeverage Caffeine Content (mg)/cup
Amount
Brewed coffee 90–125 5 oz.Instant coffee
35–164 5 oz.Decaffeinated coffee1–6
5 oz.Tea 25–125 5 oz.Cocoa
5–25 5 oz.Coca-Cola 45 12
oz.Pepsi-Cola 38 12 oz.Mountain Dew
54 12 oz.Chocolate bar 1–35 1
oz.
Physiological Effects of StimulantsCNS effectsEnhances
alertness, causes arousal, diminishes fatigue Adverse CNS
effectsInsomnia, increase in tension, anxiety, and initiation of
muscle twitchesOver 500 milligrams—panic sensations, chills,
nausea, clumsinessExtremely high doses (5 to 10 grams)—
seizures, respiratory failure, and death
Physical Effects of Stimulants Caffeine
intoxicationRestlessness, nervousness,
excitement, insomnia,
flushed face, dizzy,
muscle twitching, rambling thoughts and speech, stomach
complaintsCaffeine dependence

OTC Drugs Containing Caffeine or Caffeine-like Stimulants
Analgesics (OTC pain meds) Stay-awake
productsDecongestantsHerbal stimulants
Major StimulantsMethEcstasy Rx medications Cocaine
MethamphetamineMeth, Speed, Ice, Crystal, Crank, GlassComes
in 2 formsPowered and Crystallized
Can take orally, intranasally, intravenously
ohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AkiqQaw87AAr smoked
MethImmediately after smoking or injection a meth user
experiences an intense sensation called a “Rush”Users become
addicted quickly and with frequent use increase dosesMeth
releases high levels of dopamine1% of OU students have used
meth in the last 30 days Healthy Campus Survey 2019
Meth Short Term Effects
Increased alertness Increase heart rate
Sense of well-being Paranoia
Intense high “Rush” Violent behavior
Hallucinations Insomnia
Intense sexual pleasure No appetite
Aggressive behavior Numbness

Meth Long-Term EffectsFatal kidney/lung disorders
Decreased social lifeDepression Loss of
coping skillsPsychological problems Liver
damageWeight loss Stroke
Insomnia DeathParanoid schizophrenia
Malnutrition Violent/aggressive behavior
Meth Addiction/Tolerance Addiction Occurs when the user
seeks out and takes the drug compulsivelyToleranceThe user
needs larger
doses of the drug to
get the same desired results
Meth4 step process of clandestine productionExtraction Phase:
extracting ephedrine/pseudoephedrineReaction Phase:
combining pre-cursors and add heat match books, RedP,
ephedrine, anhydrous, ammonia, peroxide, lithium, metal mason
jars, hot plates, milk jugs and vinyl tubing
MethSeparation/Oil Phase: adding solvent to form oil to
separate from water lighter fluid, gasoline, kerosene or
coleman fuel
Crystallization Phase: use of acid gas generator precipitates
Methamphetamine add hydrogen chloride, salt or dranoHighly

Volatile Production ProcessShake and Bake
Rx MedicationsMethylphenidateClassified as a Schedule II
drugCommon use to treat ADDNon-ADD user could be charged
with possession of a controlled substance.63% of OU students
have used for non-medical use.
Rx Medications More potent that caffeine and less potent than
amphetaminesIn large doses can cause seizures, psychosis or
stroke, psychotic episodes
Dexedrine, Concerta,Vyvanse, Adderall
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VqWnumbraI4
Short-Term EffectsAppetite SuppressionWakefulness/Increased
heart rate & BPIncreased
focus/attentivenessEuphoriaInsomniaWeight loss
Long-Term EffectsPotential for dependence and
addictionAnxiety, restlessness, paranoia, delusionsFormication,
skin rash & itchingTremors and muscle
twitchingNausea/vomiting/headaches/dizzinessSevere
depression upon withdrawal

Ecstasy is a synthetic (man-made) drug.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-uDMIuSemBY
The Facts - EcstasyStimulant and HallucinogenActs as a
Psychoactive DrugThe chemical is MDMA, MollyStreet Names:
Ecstasy, X, Beans, XTC, Stacy, Adam, Love DrugBecame a
Schedule I drug in 1985Most people using Molly in Athens are
really using
Methhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEO1lI5ZFL8
The Wanted Effects“Mood elevator” that produces a relaxed,
euphoric stateHeightened feelings of empathy, emotional
warmth, and self-acceptanceSensations of understanding and
accepting othersEnhances physical senses such as touch, taste,
and smellEnhanced sexual experience, loss of gag reflex3.1% of
OU students had used in the last 30 days
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-I1MEQeGRA4
The Unwanted Effects
Short-term EffectsMuscle tensionNauseaBlurred visionRapid

eye-movementFaintness, chills, and sweatingDeath from
overheating
Long-term EffectsPsychological difficulties: ConfusionSleep
problemsDepression (Serotonin depletion) Drug cravingSevere
AnxietyParanoiaAddiction
Long-term EffectsPhysical symptoms:Increase in heart rate and
blood pressureDevelop a rash that looks like severe acne
because of liver damageDevelopment of panic disordersJaw
clenching that leads to the grinding away of tooth enamel
Ecstasy and illegal use
Many pills sold on the illicit market as “Ecstasy” usually
contain substances far more dangerous than MDMA.
PMA – a powerful stimulant used in place of
MDMACheaperEasier to manufacture
Cough Syrup DXM – a legal cough suppressant, that in high

does can prevent sweatingDeaths can occur Various Over-the-
Counter medications
Bath SaltsThe synthetic powder is sold legally online and in
drug paraphernalia stores under a variety of names, such as
"Ivory Wave," "Purple Wave,“ "Cloud Nine,“ "Vanilla Sky,"
"White Lightning," "Scarface," and "Hurricane Charlie.“
Knowledge about their precise chemical composition and short-
and long-term effects is
limited.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bKbTbRqXVFg
Bath SaltsThese products often contain various amphetamine-
like chemicals, such as (MPDV), mephedrone and
pyrovalerone.Produce Meth like effects with high rate of
overdose.NIDA reports that death rates of 23,000 peaked in
2012.
Krokodil-DesomorphineDerivative of codeine may contain
unknown ingredients. Can be cooked at home like Meth.Those
who inject causes extreme skin ulcerations, infections and
gangrene.Zombie like psychotic behavior
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EY3EHQfkCsI
Cocaine is a naturally occurring psychostimulant
found in the leaves of a South American shrub.

The Facts - Cocaine
History1814 - researchers encouraged people to use cocaine as a
food supplementCoca-Cola was introduced in 1886 as a
“valuable brain tonic and cure for all nervous afflictions.”In
1906 there was undetectable amounts of cocaine in Coca-Cola.
It was illegalized in 1914.By 1982, 20 million Americans tried
cocaine compared to only 4 million in 1974.
The Facts - CocainePowerful central nervous system
stimulantInterferes with the re-absorption process of dopamine,
serotonin Major route of administration – sniffing, snorting,
smoking, injectingStreet Names:China White, Blow, Snow,
Candy,
Coke, Happy dust, Line, Rock
Free-basing is a method of reducing impurities in cocaine.
It is also the most powerful form of cocaine.
This is also known as crack or rock.
The removal of hydrochloride for a lower melting point to
smoke.
Cocaine AdministrationOrally-chewing the coca leafInhaled
into the nasal passages-snortingInjecting
intravenouslySmoked14,566 overdose, 2017 NIH
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q45g-LFm4Fw

The Wanted EffectsIntense sense of pleasure and being
aliveIntense feeling of supremacyHaving more energy and being
more alertElevates moodClearer thinkingEnhanced
concentration and performance.
The Unwanted EffectsInsomnia/RestlessnessIncreased
temperatureDilated pupilsConstricted vesselsIncreased blood
pressureDecreased appetiteIncreased heart
rateConvulsionsNauseaBlurred visionChest painMuscle
spasmsComa
Short-term Effects
Long-term EffectsParanoia/anxiety
disordersIrritabilityRestlessnessAuditory
HallucinationsFormication/sensory hallucinationsDepression
Heart attacks, strokes and seizuresOpen sores from continuous
injections
Coca ethyleneA drug that is formed in your body when cocaine
and alcohol are mixedEnhances cocaine’s euphoric
effectsIncreases cardiovascular risksLeads to more impulsive
decision-making Increases the risk of sudden death
Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse

3 Stages of Cocaine Withdrawal
The Crash, initial abstinence phase consisting of depression,
agitation, suicidal thoughts, and fatigue
Withdrawal, including mood swings, craving and drug seeking
Extinction, when normal pleasure returns, which cues trigger
cravings and mood swings
Treatment of Cocaine Dependence
Is highly individualistic and has variable success
Principal strategies include inpatient and outpatient programs
Drug therapy often is used to relieve short-term cocaine craving
and to alleviate mood problems and long-term craving
Counseling and support therapy are essential
Cocaine TrendsCocaine abuse continues to be one of the
greatest drug concerns in the U. S.
From 1978 to 1987, the U.S. experienced the largest cocaine
epidemic in history
Decline of abuse began in the later 1980’s
Substance-induced psychotic disorder
Prominent psychotic symptoms (i.e., hallucinations and/or
delusions ) determined to be caused by the effects of a
psychoactive substance is the primary feature of a substance-

induced psychotic disorder.
A substance may induce psychotic symptoms during
intoxication (while the individual is under the influence of the
drug) or during withdrawal (after an individual stops using the
drug).
*
DEA Schedule
Schedule I and II drugs have a high potential for abuse.
Schedule I – available for research only and have not medical
use
Schedule II – available only by prescription (not refillable) and
require a form for ordering
Schedule III & IV – available by prescription, may have five
refills in 6 months, and may be ordered through the mail
Schedule V – available over the counter
4 Stages of Alcohol Use
*Information taken from the Prevention Research Institute
Prime for Life Risk-Reduction Program

Stage One Low Risk
0-2 Drinks Daily 0-3 in not Daily
No more than one drink per hour
No risk for impairment problems/long term health problems due
to use.
Stage Two High Risk Infrequent
4 or more drinks in a sitting for a woman
5 or more drinks in a sitting for a man
Move into Stage Two because of:
Celebration, Holiday, Special Occasion
Warning Signs:
2 or more blackouts in a month, short term
memory loss, increased tolerance
Making High Risk Choices on a Regular Basis
People who start to make high risk drinking choices on a regular
basis will eventually move into Stage 3.
Remember Stage 2 in Infrequent behavior or unplanned or
unexpected behavior.
If you are making high risk drinking choices on more than two
occasions in a month that is a sign of moving into Stage3.

Stage Three Dependence
The individual is dependent on the Drinking Ritual, they are not
yet an alcoholic.
Many in Stage 3 will have enablers who support their high risk
drinking choices.
All of their friends drink to the same level, have had judicial,
legal, social, academic and financial problems.
Other drug use may become more regular.
This is where the gateway effect may come into play.
NO ONE CAN STAY IN STAGE 3 FOREVER
Stage Three Dependence
50% of the people in Stage 3 will move back to low risk choices
due to a life changing event.
Of the 50% who remain in Stage 3 some will Die.
Those who do not die or move back to low-risk will eventually
move to Stage 4.
Moving into Stage 4 is considered crossing the “Trigger Level”
or the point at which a diagnosis could be made.
Stage Four Alcoholism
The individual has crossed the “Trigger Level” into addiction.
What are the Choices?
Detox, treatment, rehab and aftercare.
Continue behavior and die of what didn’t kill
you before.

Develop and eventually die of an alcohol
related illness.
Alcoholism Alcohol addiction is a complex disease that results
from a variety of genetic, social, and environmental influences.
Alcoholism affected approximately 32 million or 30%
producing severe economic, social, and medical ramifications.
NIAAA, 2015
Three medications have been FDA–approved for treating
alcohol dependence: naltrexone, Campral, and
disulfiram.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hKmYthx718
Family History
Parent or Grandparent with alcoholism or alcohol related
problems
Unusual early response to alcohol
Extended family members, brothers, sisters, aunts and uncles
with alcoholism or alcohol related problems
Low-Risk Guidelines
No to all 3: 0-2 daily 0-3 if not daily
no more that 1 per hour
Yes to 1: 2 not daily, no more
than one per hour

Yes to 1
& 2 or 3 0
Individual DifferencesIndividual differences change how your
body reacts to alcohol and increase impairment.Small body
size/muscle massGenderAgeAltitudeOther Drugs
Individual DifferencesIllness or Tiredness Empty
StomachMental Health Status
What’s High Risk About being Impaired?
What’s Harmful About High Risk Drinking If People Don’t
Become Impaired?
What Is A Drink?12oz. of Beer is equal to….4-5 oz. of Wine is
equal to …Liquor80 Proof (40%
Alcohol).......................................... 1-1/2 ounce shot100
Proof (50% Alcohol)………………. 1 ounce shot
Carbonated mixers cause more impairment that food based
mixers
This is approximately one-half once of pure alcohol
What Is A Drink?Beer/Malt Liquor (8% alcohol)……………… 6
Ounces
***40oz bottle = 6.4 drinks***WineBottle (25.6
ounces at 10% alcohol)….. 5 standard drinksMagnum (64
ounces at 10% alcohol)..….12.8 standard drinksBox Wine is

equal to 4-5 standard bottles
Wine Coolers*(5-7% alcohol)………………. . .8-10 ounces
**Includes Bacardi Breezers, sky, ciders, etc.) **Three
12ounce bottles at 7% alcohol = 4.5 drinks**
Number of Standard Drinks per Keg
Keg (31 gallons, 12 ounce cups) ………330 standard drinks
Caffeine and Alcohol
Mixing caffeine and alcohol can increase the risk of alcohol
poisoning. Since caffeine makes people feel “less drunk” than
they really are, they tend to drink more than they should.
Mixing alcohol and caffeine can make your heart rate and blood
pressure rise.
Caffeine and alcohol are both diuretics, leading to dehydration
(and really bad hangovers).
Caffeine and Alcohol
Caffeine can make you feel energetic even if you’re drunk. Why
is this dangerous? Because people can be “tricked” into thinking
they are alert enough to do things like drive a car, when they
really aren’t.
Adding caffeine to alcohol can make drinking alcohol all the
more addictive.
Before you drink read the label.

Drunkorexiaso named because it straddles the line between an
alcohol disorder and an eating disorder
The practice involves skipping meals, exercising heavily
before drinking alcohol, taking laxatives or diuretics, or
vomiting after imbibing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jaQKa0OrC3I
Alcohol & Sexual AssaultOver 80% of sexual assaults on
college campuses involve alcohol.
Alcohol is the number 1 Acquaintance/Date rape
drug.Contributing factors……………
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2eTOtB7dSc
Alcohol & Sexual Assault
Ohio Revised Code:
Occur on a continuum of intrusion and violation
ANY unwanted sexual behavior
If permission has NOT been given
or
the s/he does not want to engage in the activity
or
is mentally impaired, intoxicated, tricked, coerced,
or

pressured into the behavior,
then it is sexual assault.
https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=1LM_EVliSnNiJgb_
MQKGvcZ-SHMiO6oni&ll=39.327605665152525%2C-
82.09775885560833&z=15
Alcohol & Sexual AssaultIf YOU are charged judicially with…
A sexual violation Expect a minimum of
1 semester suspension
If there was physical Expect a minimum of
contact 1 year suspension
Expect expulsion
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-cI3IdHtCjc
Caring for a Drunk PersonCut them off!Provide high-protein
foods & bottled water.Keep your distance. Before approaching
or touching, explain your intent and concern.Try to get as much
info as you can about how much they have consumed and what
other drugs they are using.Stay with someone who is vomiting.
When laying down make sure to put him/her on their
side.Monitor the persons breathing.If you are unsure you can
handle the situation call 911.If the person is in a life threatening
health crisis call 911.
Alcohol Overdose Warning Signs:Difficulty Breathing- Slow,
less than 8 breaths per minute or irregular with 10 or more
seconds between each breath.Passed out or Stuporous-
Semiconscious or unconscious and can not be awakened.
Dehydrated- Bluish tint of the lips and fingernails.Cold and

clammy skin.Vomiting while sleeping or passed out.
For more info www.ohio.edu/alcohol
Medical Emergency AssistanceWhat does MEA provide? A
Medical Emergency Assistance Program would allow a student
experiencing an alcohol or other drug overdose to receive
medical attention without judicial charge. It would also remove
judicial charges for those who assisted the student in need if
they had been in violation of an alcohol or drug policy.
How will MEA support current environmental strategies to
reduce high-risk drinking?According to a recent survey, 94% of
students surveyed said that they would not call for help in a
medical emergency involving alcohol or other drugs. The
students experiencing these emergencies did not receive any
type of interventions. MEA will provide appropriate
interventions to students experiencing medical emergencies,
caringly confronting their high-risk behaviors.
MEA
Why Is High-Risk Use A Problem?Ohio University Students
reported the following experiences from their own drinking:
18% missed class at least once
16% had unprotected sexual activity
26% did something they regretted
Ohio University Students reported the following experiences
from other students’ drinking:
45% had studying or sleep interrupted
51% had to care for a drunk person

3% were taken advantage of sexually
Taken from the Healthy Campus Survey (Spring 19)
Alcohol Edu Data Fall 2019
survey 1 survey 3
Summer FallModerate Drinkers
23% 23%
1-5 drinks on one occasion least one occasion in the past
two weeks
High Risk Drinkers 17% 22%
5-9 drinks on at least one occasion in the past two weeks
Problematic Drinkers 6% 9%
10+ drinks on at least one occasion in the past two weeks
Abstainers 25% 24% 0 drinks in the last
yearNondrinker 26% 19%
0 drinks in the last two weeks The College Effect

The Healthy Campus Majority 82% Of Ohio University students
are in the Healthy Drinking Majority
13% Abstainer 21% Nondrinker 48% Moderate Drinker
Source, Health Campus Survey Spring 2019
The Minimum Legal Drinking Age (MLDA)
The minimum legal drinking age (MLDA), also referred to as
the Age 21 laws, refers to the Uniform Drinking Age Act of
1984.
In 2013, 10,076 people died in drunk driving crashes. One
every 52 minutes. 290,000 were injured in drunk driving
crashes.
The Minimum Legal Drinking Age (MLDA)
Citizen advocacy groups responded to this evidence by
pressuring legislators to raise the MLDA back to 21, prompting
passage of the Uniform Drinking Age Act of 1984.

All states had restored an age-21 MLDA by 1988, once again
providing researchers with many natural experiments to assess
effects of these policy changes on alcohol consumption and
related problems among.
There seems to be support for lowering the legal drinking age –
is this true? According to an ABC News/Washington Post poll
conducted in 2005, the majority (78 percent) of Americans,
youth and adults, support the age 21 drinking law.4 In fact, 73
percent of young adults under the age of 34 oppose allowing 18-
to 20-year-olds to drink.4
A 2001 Associated Press poll found that fully three-quarters of
adults and teens alike thought the drinking age should be
enforced more vigorously.3
"The current age restriction was signed into law by President
Reagan on July 17, 1984. Its support today is nearly identical to
its level then -- 79 percent in a Gallup poll in June '84."4
Alcohol Consumption Patterns of Women
Women 21 to 34 years of age were least likely to report alcohol-
related problems if they had stable marriages and were working
full time.
Women tend to marry men whose drinking habits match their
own.

Between 35 to 49 years of age, the heaviest drinkers were
divorced or separated women without children.
Between 50 to 64 years of age, the heaviest drinkers were
women whose husbands/partners drank heavily.
Women 65 and older comprised less than 10% of drinkers with
drinking problems.
Women who have one drink per day have an increased risk of
breast cancer compared to those who do not drink.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SpWObPOux-M
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RU1zQ6a3ziA
FASD Fetal alcohol spectrum disorderFetal alcohol syndrome
FASFetal alcohol effect FAE, not a diagnosis Alcohol is the
second leading cause of premature death in America. The CDC
reports – about 3.3 million US women, 15-44 years, are at risk
of exposing their developing baby to
alcohol.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m7zfJCW9Yco&t=5
s
FASD Fetal alcohol spectrum disorderApproximately $176
billion is spent annually dealing with social and health problems
related to alcohol use.
More recent reports from specific U.S. sites found the
prevalence of FAS to be 2 to 7 cases per 1,000 CDC estimates

1,000 to 6,000 births each year,24 and the prevalence of Fetal
Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) to be as high as 20 to 50
cases per 1,000.25
The Circle of Hope: A Mentoring Network for Birth Mothers
A strong international network that will work to mentor women
who are struggling with addiction or have used alcohol or other
drugs while pregnant. Most members have a child or children
with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD).
Goals:
1.To improve and strengthen the lives of birth families
2. To provide peer support for birth families
3. To decrease the stigma, blame and shame that birth
families may experience
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bd3tsHOzTr0
Please cite all work, APA or MLA.
1. Describe in detail the elements for effective alcohol/drug
treatment.
2. What are the greatest risk factors for using stimulants,
including Rx, cocaine, crack and meth. How are they similar or
different?
3. Explain how are hallucinogenic drugs both dangerous and
being used for medical research?
4. What are the risk factors for common caffeine use and how
can users reduce their risk for these factors?

5. Moving from an Rx opioid epidemic to heroin/fentanyl laced
drugs how can communities in our country reduce the use/death
rate of these drugs?

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