This document provides biographical information about several pioneering war photographers: - Roger Fenton was one of the first war photographers and documented the Crimean War in 1855, though his equipment limited his shots. One of his photos from the war was included in Life magazine's "100 Photographs that Changed the World." - Mathew Brady studied photography in the 1840s and opened studios in New York and Washington D.C. He is renowned for documenting the American Civil War, bringing a mobile studio directly to battlefields despite financial risks and dangers. His work helped document the war itself. - Other photographers mentioned include Margaret Bourke-White who covered World War II, Larry Burrows who documented the Vietnam War while working for

2. World War II
Desert Storm
Vietnam War
Afghanistan
Operation Iraqi Freedom
Home
War Histories and
Photographs…
Rick Loomis – L.A. Times
Iraqi – as close to peaceful as we’ve seen…
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3. World War II
History and coverage of the war: This war served as a beginning for
many female journalists in covering war. Women did cover the Civil War
and World War I, but it wasn’t until World War II that the number of
female photographers grew dramatically.
Notable photographer during this war: Margaret Bourke-White.
About Bourke-White: In 1935, she was hired by Life magazine.
Bourke-White covered the London Blitz, the Russian war effort, and
various World War II battles, and was permitted to work in combat zones
during WWII. She served as the “first” for many experiences…
- She was Life Magazine’s female photojournalist
- She was the first female American war correspondent.
- She also was one of the first photographers to enter and document
the Nazi Death Camps.
Photos

4. Joe Rosenthal - "Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima,”
taken on February 23, 1945. U.S. Marines raised
a United States flag on Mount Suribachi during
the Battle of Iwo Jim.
Margaret Bourke-White - Half-starved, emaciated male
prisoners behind barbed wire fence, staring vacantly into
space at Buchenwald concentration camp during
liberation by American forces.
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Joe Rosenthal - a marine advancing toward
the corpses of two fellow soldiers at Iwo Jima
on 19th February, 1945.
W. Eugene Smith - Marine Demolition Team
Blasting Out a Cave on Hill 382. Iwo Jima, 1945

5. Vietnam
History and coverage of the war: Many images from this war were
published in LIFE magazine. The Vietnam war was an easier war to
cover as far as access, and journalists were allowed close up access
and could associate with the soldiers.
Notable photographer during this war: Larry Burrows
About Burrows: He worked for Life magazine for 9 years. On
February 10, 1971, at age 44, he lost his life while on the job. He was in
a helicopter, covering the invasion of Laos by the South Vietnamese
army, when the helicopter went down over the Ho Chi Minh Trail.
Photos

6. LARRY BURROWS - KHESANH, SOUTH VIETNAM, 1968: A
HELICOPTER AIRLIFTS AMMUNITION TO U.S. TROOPS
ATTEMPTING TO BREAK THE NORTH VIETNAMESE SIEGE
OF KHESANH.
Larry Burrows - South Vietnamese troops with Vietcong captives,
Mekong Delta, South Vietnam, 1962.
Larry Burrows - A napalm strike in Nha Trang, South Vietnam, 1962.
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Eddie Adams - Execution of a Viet Cong Guerrilla, 1968

7. Desert Storm
History and coverage of the war: This war, which was called “The
Gulf War” by the media, was very difficult for journalists to cover. There
was often strong tension between the government and the media. Press
pools were formed, and only about 100 photographers were allowed
access into the war zone. These select journalists were only let in to
cover these conflicts with a military escort. Journalist’s work could be
sent to the government for censorship before they were able to publish
it, which often took a long time, considering that these journalists wanted
their readers and viewers back in the U.S. to get the information in a
timely fashion.
Notable photographer during this war: Peter Turnley
About Turnley: Born in 1955, Turnley’s photographs have appeared
on over 40 Newsweek covers, as well as magazine like Vanity Fair, and
The New York Times Magazine. He has photographed many world
conflicts in places such as: Bosnia, Somalia, Rwanda, South Africa,
Chechnya, Haiti, Indonesia, Afghanistan, Kosovo, the Gulf War (1991),
the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and most recently, Iraq.
Photos

8. Peter Turnley - A U.S. soldier helps support an injured Iraqi soldier
as a large group of Iraqi soldiers are taken prisoner by the Allied
Forces at the end of the Gulf ground War. This scene was very
near the Mile of Death north of Kuwait City.
An American soldier examines a weapon, among many taken
from Iraqi prisoners at the end of the Gulf Ground War. This
scene was very near the Mile of Death.
Peter Turnley - Before the beginning of the Gulf War, shortly after
Iraq invaded Kuwait, thousands of immigrant workers working in
Kuwait, became refugees in the desert between Iraq and Amman
and found themselves living in dire conditions.
David Turnley (Detroit Free Press) - Sgt. Ken Kozakiewicz, as he
realizes that the soldier’s body that was just brought into the
helicopter in a zippered bag, was a good friend of his.
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9. Afghanistan
History and coverage of the war: At the time of this war, the digital
age was up and coming, thankfully, because there was no place to
process film in that area during war time. This was the first war in which
digital equipment was regularly used.
Notable photographer during this war: Alexandra Boulat
About Boulat: Born in Paris in 1962, Boulat studied fine arts and art
history at the Ecole des Beaux Arts, in Paris. The conflicts she has
covered include those in Yugoslavia, Indonesia, Iraq, and the conflicts in
Afghanistan. She is also the founding photographer of the photo agency
VII. Her work has been published in magazines such as National
Geographic, Time, Newsweek, Paris Match, and Geo.
Photos

10. Back to index page…
Jockel Finck - The barrage of cruise missiles over
Afghanistan, as U.S. fighter planes targeted Taliban
military installations and Al Qaeda sanctuaries.
Rabih Moghrabi - A crew member of USS Enterprise
prepares a bomb which reads for the Pentagon and the
USA before the launch against Afghanistan.
Alexandra Boulat - October 2001 - Pakistani women pray
during an anti American demonstration in downtown Quetta.
Said Mohammed - Evidence of war: Afghans gather to look at
the debris from the Afghan Technical Consultants offices in
Kabul after it was hit by American cruise missiles.

11. Operation Iraqi Freedom
Operation Iraqi Freedom: This war is being covered in a style that
hasn’t been seen since Vietnam. The press has been allowed more
access and close-up interaction, and some have even been imbedded
with the troops. Covering this war has also become more efficient with
the increased use of digital equipment, and photos can be transmitted
almost instantly. Many representatives from major newspapers have
said that their staff is now shooting only using digital equipment. "Today,
the quality of digital photography has gotten so good that everybody’s
gone digital. It’s fast, economical, and lets you transmit instantly instead
of sending your film on a two-week safari to the Saudi Desert,” says
Brian Storm, vice president of news and editorial photography at Corbis.
Notable photographer during this war: James Nachtwey
About Nachtwey: A graduate of Dartmouth college, Nachtwey worked
with Time magazine since 1984 as a contract photographer. On
December 10, 2003, while covering the war in Iraq, Nachtwey was
injured in a grenade attack in Baghdad.
Photos

12. James Nachtwey - March 2003, Government buildings in
Baghdad are attacked by American missiles during the third
night of the U.S.-led war against the regime of Saddam Hussein.
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James Nachtwey - March 2003, Iraqi soldiers and police fire into
the reeds at the edge of the Tigris River in Baghdad as they search
for what they thought was a downed American pilot.
James Nachtwey - March 2003, In Baghdad, a woman carries
vegetables home from market during a lull in the American
attacks. At these times the life of the capital city momentarily
returns to a semblance of normality.
James Nachtwey - In the orange light created by a huge sandstorm
a statue of Saddam Hussein presides over Palestine Square in
Baghdad. The sandstorm delayed an American ground offensive
and deterred bombing sorties.

13. Iraqi - as close to peaceful as we’ve seen…
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Damir Sagolj, Reuters
John Moore, Associated Press
John Moore, Associated Press
Romeo Gacad, AFP

14. Roger Fenton
Roger Fenton was born March 28 1819
in Bury, England. And died August 8
1869. He was one of the first war
photographers in the world.
In 1840. Fenton graduated at University
College London with a “first class”
Bachelor of Arts Degree.
Later on, Fenton visited the Great
Exhibition in 1851 and was impressed
by the photography on display there.
He got really interested in photography
and its whole process.
By 1852, he had photographs exhibited
everywhere.

15. •In 1855 Fenton was sent to the Crimean War as the first official war
photographer.
•Due to the size and weight of his photographic equipment, Fenton
was limited in his choice of motifs.
•In recognition of the importance of his photography, Fenton's photos
of the Crimean war were included in the Life collection, 100
Photographs that Changed the World.

18. Photo featured in Life Magazine for being one of the 100
Photographs that Changed the World

19. Mathew Brady
Brady is mostly known for being an
American civil war photographer. He
was born in warren country, New
York, USA.
Brady studied painting, in 1839.
Traveled to Albany, New York then to
New York city. Brady’s teacher
Samuel F.B Morse met Louis
Jacques Daguerre on a trip and when
returned, Morse opened a studio and
offered classes to study in
daguerreotype photography, Brady
was one of the first people to join.
A couple of years later in 1844, Brady
had opened his own photography
studio in New York. He also had
opened another studio in Washington
D.C in 1849.

20. Most of Brady’s photos were
daguerreotypes, but soon after moved
towards ambrotype photography,
which lead to the albumen print.
Albumen prints were mostly used for
American Civil War photography.
Soon after, Brady was soon taken
after the idea of documenting the war
itself, he had asked for permission to
travel to battles sites. He got
permission From president Lincoln,
but he was told that it was all under
his own expense.

21. Brady was known for bringing his own
photographic studio right onto the
battlefields.
Throughout the dangers, financial risk
and no encouragement, Brady had
quoted saying “I had to go. A spirit in my
feet said ‘GO’ and I went.”
Brady had been in a couple of close
calls, that he barely got enough images
after awhile. Therefore; Brady needed to
higher assistants. Assistants were;
Alexander Gardner, Timothy O’Sullivan,
William Pywell, George N. Barnard,
Thomas C. Roche and 17 other men.
All were given a traveling darkroom and
were off to photograph scenes from the
Civil War.

22. Then on, Mathew Brady had many
exhibitions one of them being “The
Dead of Antietam” Brady’s exhibition
helped Americans see what really
goes on. Brady’s photography is
known for being an eye opener.
He was 74 years old when he had
passed away…

23. Alexander Gardner
Gardner was a Scottish
photographer who emigrated to
the united states in 1858.
Gardner is best known for his
work of photography of the
American Civil War.
Gardner would emigrate time to
time. He would buy and sell
land repeatedly. Gardner
visited The Great Exhibition in
1851 in Hyde park, London.
Which was the photography of
Mathew Brady.

24. After seeing the exhibition, Gardner’s
interest for photography was
indescribable. He was interested in
the subject.
Gardner had initiated contact with
Brady and went to work for him later
during that year, 1856. continuing
until 1862.
Gardner’s job at first was to make the
imperial large photographic prints but
Brady’s eye sight began to fail
therefore; Gardner took more
responsibility.
In 1858, Brady had put Gardner in
charge of his gallery in Washington
D,C.

25. James Nachtwey
James Nachtwey was born March
14th
, 1948 in Syracuse, New York.
He grew up in Massachusetts, where
he studied Art History and Political
Science at Darmouth College.
After his studies, he started working
as a newspaper photographer in
1976 at the Albuquerque Journal. In
1981, he moved to New York and
began working as a freelance
photographer. A year later,
Nachtwey covered his first overseas
project in Northern Ireland illustrating
civil strife.

26. • He has since then documented a variety of armed conflicts and social
issues.
• He has been injured many times throughout his adventures.
• Nachtwey received many prestigious awards and honors.

27. "Every minute I was there, I
wanted to flee.
I did not want to see this.
Would I cut and run, or
would I deal with
the responsibility of being
there with a camera"
(James Nachtwey)

28. A hospital patient with advanced tuberculosis in Mumbai

29. Medics with a wounded marine in Iraq

31. Lesson Objectives
Select one of the themes outlined below:
•Peace
•Conflict
•Resistance
•Hope
•Freedom
Write a 500 word essay on this theme including annotated images to illustrate your
point
Locate the work of 1 photographer who has produced work exploring the theme of
your choice.
Extension activity
Research and begin work on light Painting task (Task 4 Studio on Moodle)

32. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_photography
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Gardner_(photographer)
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathew_Brady
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Nachtwey#Photography
• http://www.jamesnachtwey.com/
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Fenton
Links

33. National Geographic Magazine
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/12/1210_031210_warwomen.html
Time Magazine
http://www.time.com/time/photoessays
Time Magazine
http://www.time.com/time/2002/afghanistan/
CFJE Online
http://www.cfje.dk/cfje/Uddbase.nsf/ID/UB04481190
First Run Icarus Films
http://www.frif.com/new2002/warp2.html
United States Department of Defense
http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Feb2003/d20030228pag.pdf
California State University at Fullerton
http://commfaculty.fullerton.edu/lester/writings/military.html
USC Annenberg Online Journalism Review
http://www.ojr.org/ojr/lasica/1048185413.php
Corbis
http://pro.corbis.com/sectionfront/default.aspx?Category=9
United States Department of Defense
http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Feb2001/n02132001_200102135.html
Los Angeles Times Newspaper
http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/iraq/la-iraq-war-photos,0,5399727.gallery?coll=la-adelphia-right-rail
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Sources