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1. Unit 4: Pre-Production Portfolio
1.) The requirements of a moving image production
Financing/Personnel
Financing is one of the most important parts in making a film
because you must consider a lot of this such as:
 Hiring the right crew members
 Hiring the right actors (big movie stars if you a Hollywood film)
 Getting the right equipment
 Getting props and costumes that go with you film
 Transport to the locations needed
 Clearances budgets (use of sound tracks)
 Faculties may need to be bought
Film industries have put so much money into movies for example
Hollywood put $356 million to make “Avengers: Endgame” in 2019
and that doesn’t include the marketing, the marketing cost on
average was $200 million. This makes the average cost to make a
film in 2019 $555 million and this is to make a Hollywood film
Getting the right crew like cameramen, someone controlling the
lights, people doing the costumes, people dong props, people doing
hair and makeup and that will cost a lot of money and that’s not
including buying the equipment like the camera, the props the
clothes to make up the costumes and getting hair and makeup
products and maybe even wigs will cost you even more money. If
you want to get big star actors like will smith will cost at least 100
million to get him in your film.
Timescale
Making films you have to take into consideration how you are getting
to place and how long it will take to get there. You also have to think
about how long you have locations haired for, how long the actors

2. have and you have to bear in mind the weather because if you don’t
think about all of these things a lot of things will go wrong like you
take too long shooting an actors scene and you run out of time they
will leave and not come back or they can change their mind and
leave but if you shoot all of the actors scenes at once then you can
get them out of the way and if they do change their mind then at
least you footage of that actor as back up. If you take too long to film
at a location the people that own that location will kick you out or up
the area and then you will need to change plans and if you take too
long to get to the location and take too long to setting up the scene
then you will lose verbal time and you need all the time you can get
to shoot the scenes. I Jaws the producer did not take in to
consideration how long it will take didn’t think about people getting
sea sick or the fact the cameras can get wet and break so if the film
didn’t do as good as it did the producer would have been in a lot of
debit because he took longer to film then he was supposed to.
Facilities/equipment
You will need to think about what equipment you will need like
cameras, tri-pods, dollies, drones, a boom mic and lighting the
reason you have to think about all this is because if you don’t then
you could lose out in getting the good equipment that you will need
to make a decent film and if don’t then your cameramen could be
stood there for hours with a really heavy camera and it could doing
that and if you don’t think about the lighting then you might not
have the lighting you need to fill a specific scene then it isn’t going to
look as good as you want to and you may not be able to see what is
going on.
If you don’t think about the facilities, you need then the people who
are editing for you will not have anywhere to work and you will not
be able to sit next to them and tell them how you want your film
edited and there will miss communication between editors.

3. Locations
If you don’t think about the locations you want to film at when doing
pre-production the you will have to franticly look for somewhere
that will match the genre of your film then you have the problem of
running into hiring cost and when you go to hair the location it may
be taken on the date you want to hair it for and that will make a lot
of problems for you like travel cost and trying to get your actor
booked in for then date and even then the actor may not be
available for that date.
Additional material
When doing per-production you need to consider what your target
audience is going to be as because if you say you want to do a film
for 13 and younger then you don’t want to make a horror film
otherwise it will not be screened as the target age you want it will be
given a higher rating. You will also need to think about health and
safety to minimalize the risk of someone getting hurt and you need
to think about what your film is going to be about and what genre
you want it to be as you will want to know so you can plan your
locations around that. If you get copy right material you will need to
document where you got it from, when you got it and how you got it.
Codes of practice and regulations
Codes of practice and regulation is important when planning because
if you must think about of health and safety procedure such as going
through the locations with the crew and actors and filling a the
paperwork needed and so that the crew and actors know about the
risks and know to be aware of them when shooting the scenes for

4. the film. Then you must fill out the forms (paperwork) to says that
the owners of the location say its ok for you to shoot there you also
need to check and obtain the permissions to use copyright material
such as music you will have to go to the people who own its and fill
out more paperwork to say that you can use that material otherwise
if you don’t the people who own the copyright material could sue
you for money and that would put a big financial problem on your
back and that make another thing for you to worry about. You will
then need to start thinking about the involvement of trade unions
like do they get the last say of what the film is like. When filming you
need to adhere to the codes of practice and regulations because if
you don’t then a lot of people could get hurt or maybe you try to get
people to work more hours and they sue for it or could even get
arrested for it and then no one will trust you enough to work with
you again as you don’t treat people right and that would you in one
big money problem so its best you just adhere to the code of
practice and regulations.
2.) The formats for per-production process
The Proposal
The proposal sums up what your film is about and gives key
information such as the key information on characters, a short brief
of the story line, who the target audience is going to be and a sum up
of the structure of the narrative. The proposal also helps people who
are going to fund this project get a better understanding of what the
film is going to be so they then can judge if the film will make money
and is it worth putting money towards or not, it also gives the crew
members and actors get a better understanding of what they are
doing and what they need to do.
Scripting: Master scene script
A master scene script is what you call a script but the reason its
called a master scene script is because if you don’t do it in the right

5. format or the right font or the right font size then producer won’t
even look at it and won’t produce the film for you at all. The master
scene script is set out specific way so that when producers look at it
they will be able to understand it, will be able to judge how long the
film will be (the font size helps this) as normally one page in a master
scene script is about 1 minute long.
Scripting: Shooting script
Shooting scripts are used during the production and this is will
include angle shoots, scene members and editing transitions it may
also include have any useful information that the director may find
useful it will also be in a lot more detail then the master scene script
will be this is so the cameramen knows what camera angles to take
and so he can follow along better get better shots. The difference in
a master scene script and a shooting script is that the master scene
script is easier to understand then the shooting script and the master
scene script will be easier to sell to people since it is easier to
understand.
Storyboarding
A storyboard is where you draw the scenes out this is to help
visualize what each scene is going to look like and with also help
editors know what scene is first and who to edit them and not only
that but give the cameraman an even bigger understand of what
shots are need and when it also help the director tell people what to
do and where to stand in the scene this also helps the directors and
the cinematographers to visualize the scenes this way they can see if
there is any problems with the scenes and if there is then they can fix
the problem straight away.

6. Shooting schedules
A shooting schedule is where you plan out when and where you are
going to shoot what scene and it won’t be in order of first scene in
the film this helps because if you have booked a specific location for
a specific time but that location will show half way through the
movie so but you will have to shoot all the scenes in that location as
fast as possible and you. Shooting schedules also help with actors
because if you have an actor booked for so many days you will then
need to try and shoot all their scenes, so you don’t have to worry
about needed them to come back or about not being able to finish
on time. The shooting schedule is made so you can organize what
you are going to shoot each day more efficiently. A shooting
schedule is essential for a smooth and efficient shoot.
Other paperwork
The paperwork you have to do are:
 Location release forms – to formalize permissions to use
locations owned by other people
 Location scouting templates – to collect relevant information
about shooting locations
 Risk assessment – to collect relevant information about
potential risks relating to shooting
 Sound templates – to chart where sound may be used
 Copyright clearances – to collate any rights issues that have
been actioned
 Contracts – for the actors and crew members this may contain
something to do with not leaking information about the film to
any one or to social media

7. 3.) The functions of pre-production
The functions of pre-production are so that you can revised,
amended and improved for example scripts can go through many
different drafts and will through changes until everyone is satisfied
with the results of the scripts, you can also tweak your original film
idea likewise visual ideas may be used the dropped (e.g. costume/set
design), locations may be considered then discontinued. This allows
for collaboration and it allows you to weight the up pros and cons of
each idea. This also allows you to amend the timescales and budgets
based on the requirements of the project. For example, the
producers of the film The Predator changed what the predator
looked like they did this because the look of the predator did not
look right it looked stupid so they changed it so that it looked scary
and actually fits into the film better.
4.) The purpose of pre-production
The purpose of pre-production is so the producers can make sure
that what they are planning to produce adheres to the codes of
practices, laws and regulations that govern and control their
industry. Producers have to do pre-production for legal reasons such
as:
 Health and safety procedures and paperwork in place
 Permissions in place for the use of copyrighted material
 Permissions in place for the use of privately owned locations
 Permissions in place in form of contracts for those appearing
in work
 Public Liability
-Public liability is another legal requirement for companies
and organizations who are involved in creative media
production, particularly when they are recording location
where members of the public may be at risk from the
production activities

8. Compliance audits
Organizations have to do a pre-production because of the
compliance audit, compliance audit is where independent
consultants evaluate the strength and thoroughness of
compliance preparations, they also review security polices,
user access controls and risk management procedures over
the course of a compliance audit. It is essential to do a
thorough pre-production to adhere to any legal
responsibilities in the event of such an audit.
Consideration of wider guidelines/regulatory bodies
The BBFC
The BBFC is UK’s of film and video, providing age ratings to
film materials. They have the power to rate films and
sometimes cut or even reject works. All decisions are based on
a public consultation and our guidelines. The guidelines, which
form a contract between the public, the film industry and the
BBFC. Pre-production decisions may be influenced by what
you want the target audience and what envisaged certificate
requirements
Sharing information
Film productions often share information that include a large
list of cast and crew that are involved. Effective pre-
production and thorough and organized records allows
sharing of information easier this also allows other relevant
parties to be able to be involved and allows working together
more efficiently