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1. Unit 4 pre-production
1.) The requirements of a moving image production
Financing and personnel
Financing is one of the key parts of making a film there’s so
much that can be done with the right amount of money you can
 Hire the right crew
 Hire the right actors (big stars if you’re a Hollywood movie)
 Get better equipment
 Buy props and costumes
 Transport to new locations
 Clearances budgets (use of a soundtrack)
 Faculties may need to be bought
So much money has to be put in films, In 2007, for example,
the average cost to produce a major studio movie was around
$65 million. But the production costs don't cover distribution
and marketing, which was another $35 million or so,
on average, in 2007, bringing the total cost to produce and
market a major movie right at $100 million.
The right crew would cost a lot, you need a cameraman, make-
up artist and editors for some examples you need many
different people in your crew otherwise the film won’t get made
plus you will need people with different skills which they will
need to be paid more than others . it is the same with the actors
for example George Clooney is the highest-paid actor in the
world, having earned $239 million before taxes last year. That's
according to Forbes' 2018 list of top male earners, which tallied
on-screen and off-screen earnings between June 1, 2017 and
June 1, 2018.

2. The amount of equipment you need for low budget film is still
expensive you need
 a mirrorless camera, DSLR or camcorder.
 microphones, headphones and maybe an audio recorder.
 a tripod to keep your shots steady.
 lights or reflectors.
 a computer with a good editing app.
this is some of the equipment you need to produce a film .
there is two major ways that you can get money for your film
private and public funding, for public funding you can get
monies allocated via tax relief form the national lottery or get
grants from the department of culture. there are some cons to
doing this like you could have longer to wait or you could only
get a little amount of money. While private funding is going to
business and crowdfunding on sites like Kickstarter there’s is
some advantages to this you could get more money, there
might be a shorter wait time for the money.
Timescales and locations
this is the second most import thing in production because you
have to consider what your actors and crew are doing during
filming. Also your days of filming may be affected by whether if
you don’t settle on a day plus you might only be to go to certain
locations on certain days .
the other factors that can be effected by timing is
 illness
 being late
plus, for locations you have got to see if the location is safe on
certain days for the weather might effect it .

3. there’s 8 things that can be thought out for effective location
scouting
1. Know your script. Choose a site that matches the setting of
your story.
2. Scout at the right time.
3. Look at light.
4. Follow the sun.
5. Check for power supplies.
6. Examine the elements (making sure that the area is safe )
7. Decide where to set up
This is referred as a recce which helps the way we find suitable
locations for shooting films
Facilities/equipment
You will need equipment and a place to shoot inside scenes or
specialist scenes if you don’t have the right facilities in order you
won’t be able to film and might miss out on valuable time shooting
the film. plus, you need the right equipment this is just some of the
required equipment
 a mirrorless camera, DSLR or camcorder.
 microphones, headphones and maybe an audio recorder.
 a tripod to keep your shots steady.
 lights or reflectors.
 a computer with a good editing app.
Here is some examples for the facilities you might want to go to
 a swimming pool
 gym
codes of practice and regulations

4. copyright
when creating a media production you need to make sure that
you need to make sure that you don’t use something that’s
copyrighted but if your parodying it your fine due to fair use .
you can get the right to use them by having the right paperwork
location permission
when filming productions, before any actual shooting can take
place, the locations must be found or built ( if making a set ). In
some situations permission to film in certain areas is one.
Health and safety
This us something very import and is taken with great care in
the film and tv industry, health and safety . when filming on set
the environment must be safe for the actors and crew in most
cases, unless they are in fact shooting a dangerous scene for
example a car chase. You will also need paperwork to show
you have made sure it is safe .
Regulatory bodies
A regulatory body is a public organization or government
agency that is set up to exercise a regulatory function. This
involves imposing requirements, conditions or restrictions,
setting the standard for activities, and enforcing in these areas
or obtaining compliance. These make sure if you have all the
right paperwork .
ADDITIONAL MATERIALS
This would be things like
 Scripts and storyboards. the most important of the the
additional materials , because you wouldn’t know what to say
or do in certain scenes
 Original filmed materials
 Archive or library materials

5.  Sound or sound library materials , this is very import if you
need music in a scene
 Props and costumes
 Assets (anything purchased or produced for production that
carries value)
These are things are essential but not highly important
2.) the formats for pre-production
the proposal
the proposal is just the summary of film it provides a brief synopsis ,
key characters information , sums up the structure of the narrative of
film (how the story’s going to go ) and a target audience.
This would be used as a way to get investors on board to financing a
film .
Scripting master scene script
This is the standard and most accepted format for film production. it
is designed to offer a straightforward and accessible format for
produces to show investors . It offers a mix of description and
dialogue to allow the reader to easily follow the story ,the story is
the most important thing ,and as such technical information is very
limited within mss format .
Mss is split into scene headings , narrative description , and dialogue
blocks .
Here is some conventions
• Font always courier and size 12
• Sluglines and character names in dialogue in capital letters
• Voiceover and offscreen used as (V.O. and O.S.)

6. • Footers at the bottom right of a page say (CONTINUED) only
where a scene moves from one page to the next, the next
pages has (CONT.) top left
Scripting shooting scene
Shooting scripts are scripts used during production to shoot the film .
They are written with much more detail than spec scripts and may
include, among other things, scene numbers, editing transitions, and
camera angles.
Since shooting scripts are used in production, they are formatted to
include any helpful information that the director may request. They
are not used for selling purposes.
Storyboarding
A storyboard is a graphic representation of how your video will
unfold, shot by shot. It's made up of a number of squares with
illustrations or pictures representing each shot, with notes
about what's going on in the scene and what's being said in the
script during that shot
The reason they do this is to help visualize the story that will unfold .
Shooting schedules
A shooting schedule is a project plan of each day's shooting for
a film production. It is normally created and managed by the
assistant director, who reports to the production manager
managing the production schedule. Both schedules represent a
timeline stating where and when production resources are
used.
Other paperwork
• Location Release Forms – to formalize permissions to use
locations owned by other people

7. • Location Scouting Templates – to collect relevant information
about shooting locations
• Risk Assessments – To collect relevant information about
potential risks relating to shooting
• Sound Templates – To chart where sound may be used
• Copyright Clearances – To collate any rights issues that have
been actioned
3. the functions of pre-production
here are some of the functions of pre-production
• Scripts for example can go through multiple drafts and redrafts
• Script editors can be utilized to identify potential problems with
scripts
• Multiple writers may write on one project
Some films have had some script re-writes con air is one of these
"The original script was much smaller than the eventual film,"
West told us back in 2013. "It was a character piece, really, by Scott
Rosenberg who did Things To Do In Denver When You're
Dead and Beautiful Girls, which were very small little indie films with
great characters. Jerry [Bruckheimer] liked it, obviously, and I liked it
just because of the characters and their names, like Cyrus the Virus
and Diamond Dog and things like that. I thought, well, I can do
something with this. But I had to make it into a big summer action
movie, whereas at the moment it's a small character piece. So then I
set about blowing it up out of all proportion, really"
Reasons for re writing a script would be
 a Change in pace
 change in characters
 change in tone

8. other things can be changed like shooting schedules and locations .
4.the purpose of pre-production
As well as assisting in the success of a project, a robust pre-
productionhas some specific practical purposes relating to
legal and ethical responsibility
One of the reasons that media companies undertake pre-
productionwork is to make sure that what they are planning
to produce adheres to the relevant codes of practice, laws
and regulationsthat govern and control their industry .
The other legal issues that come up are
 health and safety
 copyrighted materials
 permission to use privatelyowned
 permission in place in the form of contracts for those
appearingin work
a major legal requirement is the public liability thisis for
companies and organizationswho are involvedin creative
media production,particularlywhen they are recording on
locationwhere members of the public may be at risk from
the production activities.
Street filming is another thing that must be sought
approvalof and here is two ways to do so

9. https://www.sunderland.gov.uk/article/12672/Filming-
Licence
https://www.sunderland.gov.uk/media/19778/Filming-
Licences-request-form-
pdf/pdf/Filming_license_request_form.pdf?m=6364642
01630130000
complianceaudits is a comprehensive review of an
organization'sadherence to regulatory guidelines.
Independentconsultantsevaluatethe strength and
thoroughness of compliancepreparations. Auditors review
security polices, user access controls and risk
management procedures over the course of a compliance
audit.It is essential therefore to maintaina thorough pre-
productionto adhere to any legal responsibilitiesin the event
of such an audit
You also have to consider the wider guidelinesand
regulatory bodies .
The BBFC is the UK’s regulator of film and video, providing
age ratings to film materials. They are a designated body
and as such have legal powers to rate, and sometimes cut or
even reject works.
All decisions are based on publicconsultationand our
Guidelines,which form a contract between the public, the
film industry and the BBFC. They are updatedevery four
years followinga major publicconsultation.
Film productionswill have target audiences/distribution
platforms in mind, therefore careful pre-production decisions

10. may by influencedby target audiences/envisagedcertificate
requirements
• http://www.bbfc.co.uk/
film productioncan often have quite a big cast and crew
involvement so sharing informationis essential .
Effective pre-production and thorough and organized records
allow sharing of informationacross relevant parties
effectively, to ensure all involvedare working together
efficiently .