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1. FOUNDATION
Prepared by
Gayathry satheesan

2. RAFT / MAT FOUNDATION
 Raft foundations (sometimes known as
Mat Foundations) are a large concrete slab
which can support a number of columns and
walls.
 The slab is spread out under the entire
building or at least a large part of it which
lowers the contact pressure compared to
the traditionally used strip or trench footings.

3. RAFT FOUNDATION

4. TYPES
 FLAT PLATE TYPE
 FLAT PLATE THICKENED UNDER COLUMN
 BEAM AND SLAB CONSTRUCTION
 BOX STRUCTURES
 MAT PLACED ON PILE

5. FLAT PLATE TYPE
 Mat of uniform thickness
 Used: when column load are light and spacing between
columns are small

6. FLAT PLATE THICKENED
 When column loads are heavy
 Portion of slab under column is thickened

7. BEAM AND SLAB
 The beam runs in two perpendicular direction and slab
provided between beams
 Columns are at intersection of beam
 Used: when large column spacing ad unequal column
load

8. BOX STRUCTURES
 A box is provided in which basement walls act as
stiffeners for mat
 Boxes are rigid frame consisting of slab and
basement wall
 Can resist high bending moment

10. MAT PLACED ON PILE
 Supported on pile

11. PILE FOUNDATION
Pile is a slender structural member made
of steel, wood or concrete
Pile is a type of deep foundation
Transfer the load to a greater distance

21. SHEET PILE

23. BATTER & FENDER PILE

28. CAISSON

47. SETTLEMENT OF
FOUNDATION
 The downward movement of foundation along with soil bed
due to load from building or any other load is called
settlement
 Two types:
 Uniform settlement
 Differential settlement
 CAUSES:
 Weight of superstructure
 Type of soil
 Increasing load of surrounding
 Excavation near foundation
 Vibration
 Elastic compression of underlying soil
 Ground movement
 Seasonal swelling or chemical action

49. PILE LOAD TEST
 THE MOST RELIABLE METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE
LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF PILE
 SET UP:
 Two anchor pile provided with anchor girder
 Test pile is installed between the anchor piles (similar to
installation of foundation pile
 Test pile should be at least 3B or 2.5 cm clear from anchor
pile
 Load applied by hydraulic jack resting on girder
 Measurements are taken with reference to a fixed point
 Test is conducted after rest period of 3 days (sandy soil) or
1 month(clay soil)

51. OBJECTIVE OF TEST