Weir Flow Spillway Flow Data Assimilation 3D River Flow Hydraulic Jump Jet Plume Sediment Deposition Modeling of St. Margaret’s Bay

1. Hydrodynamics & Ocean Modeling Fuxi Ma, Ph.D, P.Eng. [email_address] Cape Breton University Dalhousie University

3. Governing Equations

4. Weir Flow

8. Data Assimilation in Northwest Atlantic Ocean

18. Combining Channel Flow

19. Dividing Channel Flow

21. Spiral Flow Pattern in the Main Channel

22. Stagnation Flow Surface − Possible sand dune if the river bed material is sand and loose

23. Hydraulic Jump x y 0 Y in Y t Sluice Gate Water Free Surface Bottom Bed

26. Jet Plume

27. Snapshot from Lab Experiment

29. Snapshot from Lab Experiment

32. Sediment Deposition

33. Experiment Results Simulation Results

34. 5-Level Nested-Grid Modeling System

35. Surface Elevation from Sub-Model 1

36. Surface Fields from Sub-Model 2

37. Monthly Averaged Two-Layer Anti-Cyclonic Flow

38. Upwelling and Downwelling Flow Pattern

39. Comparison between Numerical Results and Field Measurements Velocity Temperature L: The Lodge; PH: Paddy Head

40. Mixing Layer Daily Variations Temperature, Salinity - Stratification

42. Connectivity Map

43. Connectivity Matrix Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 1 57.9 26.0 0.3 15.8 Group 2 0.7 87.0 0.5 11.8 Group 3 0.2 11.2 80.2 8.4 Group 4 0.1 1.5 4.4 93.9

44. Retention Rate