The document discusses the behavioral and learning paradigm in education. It appeared in the early 20th century through the work of Ivan Pavlov, Frederic Edward Thorndike, and B.F. Skinner. The behavioral paradigm views learning as a stimulus-response process where the teacher acts as an equipped machine and students are recipients. It focuses on products over processes, discipline, and operant conditioning through consequences to decisions that entice good behavior more often than bad.