1) Which of the following represent/s a mutualistic association involving a fungus? Select all that apply. A fungus invades the vascular tissue of a tree and eventually kills it. A fungus causes Athlete\'s foot in a human. Fungal hyphae penetrate a plant root and exchange nutrients and organic molecules with the plant. A fungus and a cyanobacterium live and reproduce together in a lichen. Fungal spores infect and then eventually kill an insect. 2) How are the zygote and the heterokaryotic stages of a fungal life cycle related? The zygote stage gives rise to the heterokaryotic stage through meiosis. The heterokaryotic stage gives rise to the zygote through karyogamy. The heterokaryotic stage and zygote stage occur only in asexual life cycles. The heterokaryotic stage and zygote stage can both produce spores. The zygote stage gives rise to the heterokaryotic stage through plasmogamy.A. A fungus invades the vascular tissue of a tree and eventually kills it.B. A fungus causes Athlete\'s foot in a human.C. Fungal hyphae penetrate a plant root and exchange nutrients and organic molecules with the plant.D. A fungus and a cyanobacterium live and reproduce together in a lichen.E. Fungal spores infect and then eventually kill an insect. Solution Mutual association -Both or atlest one partner benefited without causing any harm to the other Fungal hyphae penetrate a plant root and exchange nutrients and organic molecules with the plant A fungus and a cyanobacterium live and reproduce together in a lichen. a HETEROZYGOTE GIVES RISE TO ZYGOTE THROUGH KARYOGAMY ITS A SEXUAL REPRODUCTION A fungus and a cyanobacterium live and reproduce together in a lichen..