Fighting Telephone Trickery Using Consumer Protection Laws

This webinar is brought to you by
Community Law School (Sarnia-Lambton) Inc., a nonprofit,
registered charitable organization devoted to public legal
education and community advocacy training.
This webinar is facilitated by Your Legal Rights, a website of
legal information for community workers and advocates
who work with low income and disadvantaged communities
in Ontario.
Funding for this webinar was provided by the Law
Foundation of Ontario as part of The Connecting Project
and the Connecting Communities Consortium.
www.communitylawschool.org
www.yourlegalrights.ca
www.lawfoundation.on.ca
Community Law School
(Sarnia-Lambton) Inc.

About our presenter…
Margaret Capes, B.A. (Hons.), LL.B., M.Ad.Ed, is Legal
Education Coordinator of Community Law School (Sarnia-
Lambton) Inc. She also acts as Review Counsel for
Community Legal Services, as an adjunct professor in the
clinical law program, and as faculty advisor for Pro Bono
Students Canada and the Dispute Resolution Centre, all at
the Faculty of Law, University of Western Ontario. She is the
former Executive Director of Community Legal Assistance
Sarnia.

The content of this webinar is based on law that
was current on the date the webinar was
recorded. Your Legal Rights webinars contain
general legal information. They are not intended
to be used as legal advice for a specific legal
problem. For more information on how to find a
lawyer or to contact your local community legal
clinic visit:
www.yourlegalrights.on.ca/find-services
Your Legal Rights is a project of CLEO and funded by the Law Foundation of Ontario.
Please Note:

Hot Topics in
Consumer Protection:
Fighting Telephone Trickery
Using
Consumer Protection Laws

Webinar Overview
1. Common Telephone Consumer Problems
2. Legal Protections
3. Telemarketers
4. Phishing
5. 1-900 Scams
6. Prize Scams
7. Resources
2012, Community Law School (Sarnia-Lambton) Inc.

Legal Protections: Federal Law
Consumers are protected in their interactions over the telephone by a patchwork
of federal laws, including the Competition Act, the Criminal Code, and the
Telecommunications Act.
• Competition Act
o The Competition Act is a federal law governing most business conduct in Canada. It contains
both criminal and civil provisions aimed at preventing anticompetitive practices and providing
consumers with competitive prices, product choices, and protection from fraudulent practices.
o The Competition Act is administered by the Competition Bureau, which has broad investigative
powers and the power to levy significant fines. Contraventions of the Competition Act can lead to
possible prosecutions, with fines, and sentences up to 14 years. (Competition Act, s. 52, false or
misleading representations.)
• Telecommunications Act
o The Telecommunications Act governs all aspects of telephone communications. This Act is
administered by the Canadian Radio-television Telecommunications Commission.
o The Telecommunications Act contains a number of regulations pertaining to unsolicited phone
calls. Contraventions of the Act can result in fines from $50,000 to $1,000,000.
(Telecommunications Act, ss. 73-74.)

Legal Protections: Federal Law, Cont.
• Canadian Criminal Code
o Telephone scams are targeted by the Canadian Anti-Fraud Call Centre, a national centre
that handles complaints and educates the public about fraudulent telemarketing, mail, and
internet-based pitches.
o The Canadian Anti-Fraud Call Centre is coordinated by the Ontario Provincial Police, in
cooperation with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the Ministry of Consumer Services,
and several other law enforcement agencies across Canada.
o There are a number of provisions in the Criminal Code that can be used to prosecute those
engaged in using the telephone as a mechanism to perpetrate fraud and theft.

Legal Protections: Provincial Law
Consumers are protected in their interactions over the telephone provincially by
Ontario’s Consumer Protection Act, 2002.
o Telephone agreements for goods or services which exceed $50, where one or more of the parties
is located in Ontario, are governed by the Consumer Protection Act, 2002. These agreements are
considered “remote agreements” under the Act. (Consumer Protection Act, 2002, s. 20(1); ss.36-36
of O. Reg. 17/05 to the Consumer Protection Act, 2002.)
o The Consumer Protection Act, 2002 is administered by the Ministry of Consumer Services. The
Ministry has broad investigative powers and may conduct an inquiry into any complaint it receives.
o At the conclusion of an investigation by the Ministry of Consumer Services, an individual who
is convicted of an offence under the Act may be liable for fine of up to $50,000 or subject to
imprisonment of not more than two years less a day, or both. A corporation that is convicted of an
offence under the Act is liable for a fine of up to $250,000. (Consumer Protection Act, 2002, s.
116(5). )

Telemarketers
Recent Examples
 The caller claims to be from Microsoft, advising that the warranty on your Windows XP©
software has expired and your computer could crash at any time. You are asked to go to a website
and download a program. The program takes remote control of your computer. The callers walks
you through a series of steps to “fix” the computer, and you are asked for credit card information to
pay for the service.
 The caller claims to have bargain photocopier/fax/toner deals that are time-limited. They ask
questions about the serial numbers on your existing equipment, and ask for credit card information
to pay for your order. If the products arrive at all, they are often substandard and overpriced.
Protections under the Telecommunications Act
• Telemarketers are regulated by the Telecommunications Act. This Act sets out what telemarketers can
and cannot to when making calls to consumers, by way of the Do Not Call List (Act, s. 41).
What is the National Do Not Call List?
• The federal government created the list to help control the number of telemarketing calls and faxes that
Canadians receive each year.
• It became effective on September 30, 2008.
• You may register for three (3) years, and must then renew your registration.
• There is no charge to register, but it takes 31 days for registration to be effective.

Telemarketers, Cont.
• What is telemarketing?
o It is the use of the telephone or fax machine for the purpose of selling a product or service.
• Which telemarketers are covered by the Do Not Call List?
o All telemarketers working for Canadian or non-Canadian companies who call or fax from Canada are
covered, except for those listed below.
o Telemarketers calling for a non-Canadian company from outside of Canada are not covered.
• Who may still call? (s. 41.7, Telecommunications Act)
o Calls made by Canadian charities, political parties, and newspapers.
o Calls made by businesses with which you already have a relationship (such as your hydro company).
o Product recall calls.
o Appointment rescheduling/reminder calls (for example, your dentist appointment).
o Calls related to debt collection (for example, collection agencies).
o Public service announcements.
o Survey/public opinion polls
o Any telemarketing call that you consent to receive.
• How to be placed on the Do Not Call List, or complain about a telemarketer
o Register online; call or write the CRTC using the information on the Resources slide.
• Protections under the Competition Act
o Deceptive telemarketing practices are also targeted by the Competition Bureau acting under the
authority of the Competition Act. This Act (s. 52) prohibits making false or misleading
representations in order to promote the supply of a product or a business interest during telephone
calls.

Phishing
Sample Phishing Phone Calls
(Created by the Ontario Ministry of Consumer Services)
 Is this Mr. Smith? I’m calling from XYX Bank. Do you have a Visa© card? I
need to verify your account number because it appears that someone may be
fraudulently charging purchases to your account. Can you read me the account
number and expiration date on the front? OK, now the last four digits on the
back…
 Hello, Mildred Brown? I represent the ABC Company and our records show
that you have an overdue bill of $500, plus interest and penalties. You don’t know
anything about this bill? Well, there could be a mix-up. Is your address 123 Main
Street? What is your Social Security number…?
 This is Detective Thompson calling from the Federal Consumer Agency. Are
you Mr. White? We have received several reports of telemarketing fraud involving
attempted withdrawals from bank accounts in your area. In order to safeguard your
account, we need to confirm your account number…

Phishing, Cont.
• Phishing, which commonly happens over the internet, can also happen by phone.
• Phishing refers to the impersonation of a trusted person or organization in order to steal an
individual’s personal information, generally for the purposes of identify theft.
• Consumers should be suspicious if contacted unexpectedly and asked to confirm or to give out
personal information, such as name, address, government-issued identification numbers, bank
or credit card account numbers, etc.
• Phishing activities can amount to civil and criminal fraud, as well as identity theft under the
Criminal Code and under the Competition Act.
• Consumers who are victims of phishing calls or who are simply suspicious about a call should
contact their local police department, the Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre, the Competition
Bureau, the Ministry of Consumer Services (see Resources list for contact information), as
well as their banks and credit card companies as soon as possible.
• Banks and credit card companies may be willing to reimburse accounts if they see that the
victim is serious about reporting the scam to the authorities.

1-900 Scams
Sample 1-900 Scams
(Created by the Ontario Ministry of Consumer Services)
 His pager alerted the man to call an odd-looking number beginning with 1-900.
He answered, and then sat through a long information message about health. Before
he spoke with a live person, the line was automatically disconnected. Shaking his
head, he hung up. A few weeks later he received a telephone bill for $35 with the 1-
900 telephone number he had dialed earlier in the month beside the amount.
 The newspaper said to dial the 1-900 number splashed across the page in bright
red print to win a trip to Mexico. “All you have to do is call!” It sounded simple
enough. The consumer decided to take the plunge. After all, what did he have to
lose? He dialed the number and waited patiently for the lengthy information
message to end. But before he could speak with someone, the line was
automatically disconnected. He hung up. One month later, the man’s telephone bill
showed a $50 charge for the 1-900 call he had placed.

1-900 Scams, Cont.
• Pay-per-charge numbers are used by legitimate businesses to charge their customers for
information services; however, these businesses inform customers about the fee upfront.
• Any time a consumer calls a 1-900 number, they should be aware that they are paying for the
call, often at a minimum charge of approximately $35.
• At an average of $4.99 per minute, the cost can rise very quickly and the 1-900 service usually
has a voice response system that slows the call, making it hard for the caller to minimize the
time on the telephone (short of hanging up).
• 1-900, 1-976, and 1-809 are all charge-service numbers.
• It is important not to confuse 1-900 numbers with toll-free numbers, the latter of which allow
consumers to contact government and business offices without paying a long-distance charge.
Toll-free numbers begin with the area codes 1-800, 1-888, and 1-877.
• Consumers who are victims of 1-900 calls or who are simply suspicious, should contact their
local police department, the Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre, the Competition Bureau, the Ministry
of Consumer Services (see Resources list for contact information), as well as their telephone
company.
• The telephone company may be willing to reduce the charges if the victim takes the step of
reporting the activity to the authorities, as this tends to prove that they were, in fact, scammed.

Prize Scams
Example
You Won! … it will only cost you $199
One day after working a ten-hour shift at the local coffee shop, Timmy received a telephone call as he was walking in the door.
The caller informed Timmy that he had just won an exclusive, all expenses paid, two-week luxury cruise stopping at all the
major ports in the Caribbean Sea, as well as plane tickets. Timmy was thrilled, as he had never left London before and he had
heard about Caribbean cruises on the television. Timmy was so excited that he could barely take in what he was being told.
The lady on the telephone informed him that all he had to do was send the cruise company $199 in cash or cheque for
administrative fees and government duties and the cruise was his. After the company received the money, he was told that he
would receive his tickets in the mail, and that he could check the status of his tickets by calling a 1-800 number that was
provided. Timmy asked some questions, and after a couple minutes, hung up, contented that he would be going on his first
cruise.
Timmy was reluctant to part with the money, but decided to treat himself, as this appeared to be a once in a lifetime
opportunity. The next day Timmy mailed off $199 in cash to the company.
Timmy called the 1-800 number every day. For the first week, Timmy would hear a recorded message informing him that they
had not received his money, and if he had not yet sent the money, to do so quickly before the offer expired. The next week, the
recording changed and said that the money had been received and to expect a three to four week wait for the tickets as
processing and transit took time. Timmy kept calling day after day for six weeks, listening to the same unchanged message,
until one day he had called and the number was out of service. Timmy finally realized that he had been scammed, but it was
too late: the company was gone, as was his money.

Prize Scams, Cont.
• A common telephone scam involves a telephone promoter calling a consumer to inform them
they have won a prize, or are eligible for some other financial opportunity.
• In most cases, the company promises a valuable prize in return for a minor purchase, or the
caller requires the consumer’s credit card number, claiming to need it to cover the shipping or
administrative expenses for the prize.
• When consumers receive a call informing them they have won some sort of prize, the best
advice is to hang up the phone.
• The Competition Act prohibits notices that give the general impression that an individual has
won a prize or any other benefit, and asks the individual to pay money or incur a cost in order to
obtain the prize or benefit.
• Consumers who are victims of prize or investment scams or who are simply suspicious, should
contact their local police department, the Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre, the Competition Bureau ,
the Ministry of Consumer Services (see resources list for contact information) as well as their
banks and credit card companies, as soon as possible.
• Banks and credit card companies may be willing to reimburse accounts if they see the victim is
serious about reporting the scam to the authorities

Resources: Contact Information
Ministry of Consumer Services
Consumer Protection Branch
5775 Yonge Street, Suite 1500
Toronto, ON M7A 2E5
Phone
416-326-8800 or 1-800-889-9768
Website:
www.sse.gov.on.ca/mcs
Competition Bureau
50 Victoria Street
Gatineau, QC, K1A 0C9
Toll-free: 1-800-348-5358
Website: www.competitionbureau.gc.ca
The Canadian Radio and Telecommunications
Commission (CRTC)
Ottawa, ON
K1A 0N2
Toll-free: 1-877-249-2782
Website: http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/home-accueil.htm
The Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre (formerly
Phonebusters)
P.O. Box 686
North Bay, ON P1B 8J8
Telephone (toll-free): 1-888-495-8501
Telephone (overseas and local): 705-495-8501
Facsimile: 1-888-654-9426
Email: info@antifraudcentre.ca
Website: www.phonebusters.com
The National Do Not Call List
c/o CRTC
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0N2
Attention: Do Not Call List
Web site: www.lnnte-dncl.gc.ca
Toll-free: 1-866-580-DNCL (1-866-580-3625)

This webinar was brought to you by Community Law School
(Sarnia-Lambton) Inc. and Your Legal Rights with funding
from the Law Foundation of Ontario.
For more information about consumer issues visit the Consumer Law
section of Your Legal Rights at www.yourlegalrights.on.ca.
For more public legal information webinars, including webinars on
other consumer protection topics, visit:
www.yourlegalrights.on.ca/training.
For information about other consumer issues, social welfare laws,
and community advocacy training visit the Community Law School
website at www.communitylawchool.org.
Community Law School
(Sarnia-Lambton) Inc.

Fighting Telephone Trickery Using Consumer Protection Laws

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