2. FOUR DIST
INCTTYPESOF
PUBLICATION EMERGED:
• Newspapers
• The annual-now called yearbook
• Magazine
• Handbook
*half of the school papers that are published
today began between 1920 to 1940.
3. SCHOOL JOURNALI
SM
TODAY
• Student journalism isneverstationary,
it alwaysrespondsto student
ingenuity and changing times, and
the present period isexceptionally
active one, with significant trends.
• School paperssphere of news
coverage today hasnoticeably
become broader.
4. DEFI
NI
TI
ON OF JOURNALI
SM
• “literature in a hurry” –Jose A. Quirino
• “ Something that embraces all forms in
which and through which the news and
comments on the news reach the public.
All that happens in the world, if such
happenings hold interest for the public,
and all the thought, actions, and ideas
which these happenings stimulate
become the materialsfor the journalist.”-F.
Fraser Bond
5. FUNCTIONSOF
JOURNALI
SM
1.Inform the public through the news
coverage
2.Influence and mold the public
opinion
3.Amuse orentertain the public
4.Serve and promote community
welfare as a whole
7. DEFI
NI
TI
ON OF
CAMPUS
JOURNALISM
Campus journalism is defined as “that
enjoyable activity of the staff of the
campus paper in collecting, organizing
and presenting news, writing editorials,
columns, features, and literary articles,
taking pictures, cartooning, copy reading,
proofreading, dummying & writing
headlines”.
8. FUNCTI
ONS OF THE
CAMPUSPAPER
A. Aid to the students
1.provide an opportunity for interesting
writing;
2.give students the opportunity to
learn how to read newspapers;
3.act asa stimulus to better work.
4.develop students’ power of
observation and discrimination
9. FUNCTI
ONS OF THE
CAMPUSPAPER
A. Aid to the students
5. To serve asan outlet and motivation for
journalistic writing
6. To offer training in organization, business
methods, commercial art, salesmanship,
bookkeeping and business management
7. To develop qualities of cooperation, tact,
accuracy, tolerance, responsibility and
leadership
10. FUNCTI
ONS OF THE
CAMPUSPAPER
B. Aid to the School &Community
1.educate the community as to the
workof the school
2.publish school and community
news;
3.create & expressschool opinions;
4.make known the achievementsof
the school to the community.
11. FUNCTI
ONS OF THE
CAMPUSPAPER
B. Aid to the School &Community
5. to help unify the school
6.To encourage and stimulate worthwhile
activities
7. To develop right standardsof conduct
8.To provide an outlet forstudents
suggestions for the betterment of the
school
12. FUNCTI
ONS OF THE
CAMPUSPAPER
B. Aid to the School &Community
9.To develop better interschool
relationship
10. To develop school spirit
11.To develop cooperation between
parentsand the school
13. FUNCT
IONS OF
THE MODERN CAMPUS
PAPER
1. Information Function
2. Opinion Function
3. Education Function
4. Watchdog Function
5. Laboratory Function
6. Documentation Function
7. Entertainment Function
8. Development Function
14. SECTI
ONS OF THE
CAMPUSPAPER
A. News Section
B. Editorial Section
C. Features/Literary Sections
D.Columns:Sports, Fashion, etc.
E. Review
31. Hard news, despite its
importance, usually
attracts fewer readers
because it may not be as
interesting as soft news
or may be more difficult
to understand.
32. Readers may not
understand its
significance. Reporters
must be careful to include
information to help the
reader understand what
the story means.
33. Many stories are a
combination of hard
and soft news, and may
present some of the
information in sidebars
and infographics.
35. The following triangle
shows the idea that the
basis of all news is FACT.
The job of the reporter is
to make facts interesting
to a particular group of
readers.
42. Accuracy of
General Impression
The general impression--the way
the details are put together and
what type of emphasis is put on
the details--should be accurate.
Reporters should not distort the
importance of a fact by giving it
too much attention.
44. •reporters must work
fast to meet deadlines
•many people are involved
in producing the finished
story: the reporter, copy
reader, editors, typists,
etc.
45. Reporters must
work hard to
achieve accuracy.
They must check, double-
check and re-check every fact.
47. •School reporters sometimes
don’t ask the right questions to
get the information they need
for a story.
•Reporters should “talk out”
stories with assignment editors
to make sure they understand
questions that need to be asked.
49. Balance in a news story is a
matter of emphasis and
completeness.
Reporters must give each fact its
proper emphasis, putting it into its
proper relationship to every other
fact and establishing its relative
importance to the main idea or focus
of the story.
50. News is considered balanced and
complete when all significant
details are included and have
proper relationship to each
other.
The purpose of balance is to give
the reader a fair understanding
of the event, not a detailed
account of every fact.
56. Hard news stories
almost always follow the
inverted pyramid and
are written concisely
and clearly so that the
meaning is clear to an
average reader.
59. Timeliness is of major
importance in this era of
fast communication.
Other factors being equal, a
news editor will choose one
story over another because of
its timeliness.
64. PROMINENCE
•The more famous
a person is, the
more likely they
are to make the
news.
•If you and the
president both
went to lunch,
only the
president would
make the news.
71. DON’T FORGET!
•The more of these
elements you combine,
the more newsworthy a
story is.
•Rarely will a story just have
one element if it ison the front
page.
72. QUALI
TI
ESOF A GOOD
JOURNALIST
1.Resourcefulness- a good journalist is
supposed to be resourceful in order to gain
access credible sources of information and
to gain success to all important event.
2.Critical- in order to separate truth from
propaganda and dogmas that may distort
truth.
73. QUALI
TI
ESOF A GOOD
JOURNALIST
3.Objective- a journalist is supposed to put
aside personal biases and should not let his
emotionscloud hisjudgment.
4.Conscientious- a journalist is not supposed
to use his influence in order to meet
personal objectives and should be well
aware of the consequences that may result
from hisactions.
74. • You need to be thinking “ Iwant to
be the best” and be prepared to
take all the necessary stepsto get
this.
*Specific skills: articulate, confident
and be good at working to strict
guidelines.
*
Compare yourself to real broadcast
journalist-take notes of what they
do well ( and what they aren't doing
well ).
*
Learn from yourmistakes.
75. I
f you want to succeed you’ll
definitely need to be
headstrong. Alwaysthink “
What do Ineed to do to
achieve my goals?”
