DIGITAL INSTRUMENT BASICS a) Basic Logical Gates b) Flip-Flops c) Digital displays d) Digital Counting e) A2D Converter f) D2A Converter g) Other Basics of Digital Electronics

1. Instrumentation and Measurements by David A Bell
Presented By: Engr. FAZAL UR REHMAN
Lecturer Electrical KPTEVTA
Visiting Lecturer COMWAVE INSTITUTE ISLAMABAD

2. Today's Topics
DIGITAL INSTRUMENT BASICS
a) Basic Logical Gates
b) Flip-Flops
c) Digital displays
d) Digital Counting
e) A2D Converter
f) D2A Converter
g) Other Basics of Digital Electronics

3. Basic Logical Gates
For detailed study and understanding it is
necessary that we know about the basis of logical
circuits and its major elements.
The important elements of Digital instruments
are;
1) Logic Gates
2) Flip Flops
The above two elements are employed to make
sophisticated digital instruments.

4.  Basic Logic Gates

6. NAND and NOR Gates

7. Flip Flop

10.  These Flip Flops are used to make memory elements
(Registers), counters and displaying digits on LCD or
LED screen.
 In short all memory elements in digital instrument
counters is the main aim of this topic inclusion.

11. Digital displays
 In digital instruments the measured value is shown in
the shape of digits on some screen. These screens are
of two types;
 LCD- Liquid Crystal Display
 LED- Light Emitting Diode

19. Digital Counting
 A Counter that can count upto 16 levels is called scale
of 16 counter. This counter is modified to make decade
counter used in digital instruments.

26. Any Question???